French phonology (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "French phonology" in English language version.

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19archive.org

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15doi.org

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10semanticscholar.org

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2researchgate.net

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2web.archive.org

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2internationalphoneticassociation.org

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2englishspeechservices.com

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2psu.edu

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1phonetic-blog.blogspot.com

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afcp-parole.org

Timbre du schwa en français et variation régionale : un étude comparative retrieved 14 July 2013

andrewlian.com

Lian (1980). Lian, A-P (1980), Intonation Patterns of French (PDF), Melbourne: River Seine Publications, ISBN 978-0-909367-21-3

archive.org

Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 79. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 75. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Fougeron & Smith (1993), pp. 74–75. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Tranel (1987), pp. 149–150. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
Tranel (1987), p. 150. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
Tranel (1987), pp. 151–153. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
"Some phoneticians claim that there are two distinct as in French, but evidence from speaker to speaker and sometimes within the speech of a single speaker is too contradictory to give empirical support to this claim".Casagrande (1984:20) Casagrande, Jean (1984), The Sound System of French, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, ISBN 978-0-87840-085-0
Tranel (1987), p. 64. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
"For example, some have the front [a] in casse 'breaks', and the back [ɑ] in tasse 'cup', but for others the reverse is true. There are also, of course, those who use the same vowel, either [a] or [ɑ], in both words".Tranel (1987:48) Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 74. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Tranel (1987), p. 88. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
Tranel (1987), pp. 88–105. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
Casagrande (1984), pp. 228–29. Casagrande, Jean (1984), The Sound System of French, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, ISBN 978-0-87840-085-0
Tranel (1987), pp. 98–99. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
Tranel (1987), pp. 49–51. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
Schane (1968), pp. 57–60. Schane, Sanford A. (1968), French Phonology and Morphology, Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, ISBN 978-0-262-19040-4
Tranel (1987), pp. 194–200. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4
Tranel (1987), pp. 200–201. Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4

books.google.com

Phonological Variation in French: Illustrations from Three Continents, edited by Randall Scott Gess, Chantal Lyche, Trudel Meisenburg.
Lodge (2009), p. 84. Lodge, Ken (2009), A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2
Collins & Mees (2013), p. 225. Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2013) [First published 2003], Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students (3rd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-50650-2
Collins & Mees (2013), pp. 225–226. Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2013) [First published 2003], Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students (3rd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-50650-2

cnrtl.fr

Fagyal, Kibbee & Jenkins (2006:63) for [e], TLFi, s.v. appellation for [ɛ]. Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Kibbee, Douglas; Jenkins, Fred (2006), French: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-82144-5

doi.org

Map based on Trudgill (1974:220) Trudgill, Peter (1974), "Linguistic change and diffusion: Description and explanation in sociolinguistic dialect", Language in Society, 3 (2): 215–246, doi:10.1017/S0047404500004358, S2CID 145148233
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 79. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Adams (1975), p. 288. Adams, Douglas Q. (1975), "The Distribution of Retracted Sibilants in Medieval Europe", Language, 51 (2): 282–292, doi:10.2307/412855, JSTOR 412855
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 75. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Wells (1989), p. 44. Wells, J.C. (1989), "Computer-Coded Phonemic Notation of Individual Languages of the European Community", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 19 (1): 31–54, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005892, S2CID 145148170
Berns (2013). Berns, Janine (2013), "Velar variation in French", Linguistics in the Netherlands, 30 (1): 13–27, doi:10.1075/avt.30.02ber
Fougeron & Smith (1993), pp. 74–75. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Morin (1986). Morin, Yves-Charles (1986), "La loi de position ou de l'explication en phonologie historique" (PDF), Revue Québécoise de Linguistique, 15 (2): 199–231, doi:10.7202/602567ar
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 74. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Anderson (1982), p. 537. Anderson, Stephen R. (1982), "The Analysis of French Shwa: Or, How to Get Something for Nothing", Language, 58 (3): 534–573, doi:10.2307/413848, JSTOR 413848
Anderson (1982), pp. 544–46. Anderson, Stephen R. (1982), "The Analysis of French Shwa: Or, How to Get Something for Nothing", Language, 58 (3): 534–573, doi:10.2307/413848, JSTOR 413848
Torreira & Ernestus (2010). Torreira, Francisco; Ernestus, Mirjam (2010), "Phrase-medial vowel devoicing in spontaneous French", Interspeech 2010, pp. 2006–2009, doi:10.21437/Interspeech.2010-568, hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-C810-3, S2CID 14248950
Chitoran (2002), p. 206. Chitoran, Ioana (2002), "A perception-production study of Romanian diphthongs and glide-vowel sequences", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (2): 203–222, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.116.1413, doi:10.1017/S0025100302001044, S2CID 10104718
Chitoran & Hualde (2007), p. 45. Chitoran, Ioana; Hualde, José Ignacio (2007), "From hiatus to diphthong: the evolution of vowel sequences in Romance" (PDF), Phonology, 24: 37–75, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.129.2403, doi:10.1017/S095267570700111X, S2CID 14947405

englishspeechservices.com

Lindsey, Geoff (15 January 2012). "Le FOOT vowel". English Speech Services. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
Lindsey, Geoff (22 August 2012). "Rebooting Buttocks". English Speech Services. Retrieved 14 May 2016.

erudit.org

Morin (1986). Morin, Yves-Charles (1986), "La loi de position ou de l'explication en phonologie historique" (PDF), Revue Québécoise de Linguistique, 15 (2): 199–231, doi:10.7202/602567ar

free.fr

accentsdefrance.free.fr

"Les Accents des Français". accentsdefrance.free.fr.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Torreira & Ernestus (2010). Torreira, Francisco; Ernestus, Mirjam (2010), "Phrase-medial vowel devoicing in spontaneous French", Interspeech 2010, pp. 2006–2009, doi:10.21437/Interspeech.2010-568, hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-C810-3, S2CID 14248950

illinois.edu

prosody.beckman.illinois.edu

Chitoran & Hualde (2007), p. 45. Chitoran, Ioana; Hualde, José Ignacio (2007), "From hiatus to diphthong: the evolution of vowel sequences in Romance" (PDF), Phonology, 24: 37–75, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.129.2403, doi:10.1017/S095267570700111X, S2CID 14947405

internationalphoneticassociation.org

Oral articulation of nasal vowel in French
Fagyal & Moisset (1999). Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Moisset, Christine (1999), "Sound Change and Articulatory Release: Where and Why are High Vowels Devoiced in Parisian French?" (PDF), Proceedings of the XIVth International Congress of Phonetic Science, San Francisco, vol. 1, pp. 309–312

jstor.org

Adams (1975), p. 288. Adams, Douglas Q. (1975), "The Distribution of Retracted Sibilants in Medieval Europe", Language, 51 (2): 282–292, doi:10.2307/412855, JSTOR 412855
Anderson (1982), p. 537. Anderson, Stephen R. (1982), "The Analysis of French Shwa: Or, How to Get Something for Nothing", Language, 58 (3): 534–573, doi:10.2307/413848, JSTOR 413848
Anderson (1982), pp. 544–46. Anderson, Stephen R. (1982), "The Analysis of French Shwa: Or, How to Get Something for Nothing", Language, 58 (3): 534–573, doi:10.2307/413848, JSTOR 413848

jyu.fi

research.jyu.fi

Kalmbach, Jean-Michel (2011). "Phonétique et prononciation du français pour apprenants finnophones". Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2016.

phonetic-blog.blogspot.com

John C. Wells prefers the symbol /æ̃/, as the vowel has become more open in recent times and is noticeably different from oral /ɛ/: [1]

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Chitoran (2002), p. 206. Chitoran, Ioana (2002), "A perception-production study of Romanian diphthongs and glide-vowel sequences", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (2): 203–222, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.116.1413, doi:10.1017/S0025100302001044, S2CID 10104718
Chitoran & Hualde (2007), p. 45. Chitoran, Ioana; Hualde, José Ignacio (2007), "From hiatus to diphthong: the evolution of vowel sequences in Romance" (PDF), Phonology, 24: 37–75, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.129.2403, doi:10.1017/S095267570700111X, S2CID 14947405

researchgate.net

Map based on Trudgill (1974:220) Trudgill, Peter (1974), "Linguistic change and diffusion: Description and explanation in sociolinguistic dialect", Language in Society, 3 (2): 215–246, doi:10.1017/S0047404500004358, S2CID 145148233
Torreira & Ernestus (2010). Torreira, Francisco; Ernestus, Mirjam (2010), "Phrase-medial vowel devoicing in spontaneous French", Interspeech 2010, pp. 2006–2009, doi:10.21437/Interspeech.2010-568, hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-C810-3, S2CID 14248950

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Map based on Trudgill (1974:220) Trudgill, Peter (1974), "Linguistic change and diffusion: Description and explanation in sociolinguistic dialect", Language in Society, 3 (2): 215–246, doi:10.1017/S0047404500004358, S2CID 145148233
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 79. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 75. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Wells (1989), p. 44. Wells, J.C. (1989), "Computer-Coded Phonemic Notation of Individual Languages of the European Community", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 19 (1): 31–54, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005892, S2CID 145148170
Fougeron & Smith (1993), pp. 74–75. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 73. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Fougeron & Smith (1993), p. 74. Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
Torreira & Ernestus (2010). Torreira, Francisco; Ernestus, Mirjam (2010), "Phrase-medial vowel devoicing in spontaneous French", Interspeech 2010, pp. 2006–2009, doi:10.21437/Interspeech.2010-568, hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-C810-3, S2CID 14248950
Chitoran (2002), p. 206. Chitoran, Ioana (2002), "A perception-production study of Romanian diphthongs and glide-vowel sequences", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (2): 203–222, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.116.1413, doi:10.1017/S0025100302001044, S2CID 10104718
Chitoran & Hualde (2007), p. 45. Chitoran, Ioana; Hualde, José Ignacio (2007), "From hiatus to diphthong: the evolution of vowel sequences in Romance" (PDF), Phonology, 24: 37–75, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.129.2403, doi:10.1017/S095267570700111X, S2CID 14947405

ucalgary.ca

people.ucalgary.ca

Walker (1984), pp. 51–60. Walker, Douglas (1984), The Pronunciation of Canadian French (PDF), Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, ISBN 978-0-7766-4500-1
Walker (1984), pp. 25–27. Walker, Douglas (1984), The Pronunciation of Canadian French (PDF), Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, ISBN 978-0-7766-4500-1

ulaval.ca

ciral.ulaval.ca

Postériorisation du / a / Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine

web.archive.org

Kalmbach, Jean-Michel (2011). "Phonétique et prononciation du français pour apprenants finnophones". Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
Postériorisation du / a / Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine

wiktionary.org

en.wiktionary.org

"For example, some have the front [a] in casse 'breaks', and the back [ɑ] in tasse 'cup', but for others the reverse is true. There are also, of course, those who use the same vowel, either [a] or [ɑ], in both words".Tranel (1987:48) Tranel, Bernard (1987), The Sounds of French: An Introduction, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-31510-4