Geology (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Geology" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

27doi.org

2^nd place

27web.archive.org

1^st place

23harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

8books.google.com

3^rd place

7semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

5usgs.gov

167^th place

198^th place

4archive.org

6^th place

2worldcat.org

5^th place

2bnf.fr

124^th place

544^th place

2psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1etymonline.com

287^th place

321^st place

1tufts.edu

155^th place

138^th place

1geolsoc.org.uk

low place

1rero.ch

3,510^th place

2,263^rd place

1uoregon.edu

3,144^th place

2,101^st place

1nh.gov

7,982^nd place

4,574^th place

1ocre-geoscience.com

low place

1cdlib.org

2,268^th place

1,400^th place

1stratigraphy.org

2,562^nd place

3,215^th place

1nih.gov

4^th place

1columbia.edu

488^th place

374^th place

1arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

1muslimheritage.com

low place

1berkeley.edu

580^th place

462^nd place

1hathitrust.org

441^st place

311^th place

1amnh.org

1,578^th place

1,521^st place

1gutenberg.org

489^th place

377^th place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1davidrumsey.com

low place

amnh.org

James Hutton: The Founder of Modern Geology. Archived 2016-08-27 at the Wayback Machine. American Museum of Natural History.

archive.org

Wegener, A. (1999). Origin of continents and oceans. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-61708-4.
Winchester, Simon (2002). The map that changed the world: William Smith and the birth of modern geology. New York: Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-093180-3.
Winchester, Simon (2001). The Map that Changed the World. HarperCollins Publishers. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-06-093180-3.
Winchester, Simon (2001). The Map that Changed the World. HarperCollins Publishers. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-06-093180-3.

arxiv.org

Laughlin, Gregory; Lissauer, Jack (2015). "Exoplanetary Geophysics: An Emerging Discipline". Treatise on Geophysics. pp. 673–694. arXiv:1501.05685. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00186-X. ISBN 9780444538031. S2CID 118743781.

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"Georgius Agricola (1494–1555)".

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Saussure, Horace-Bénédict de, Voyages dans les Alpes, … (Neuchatel, (Switzerland): Samuel Fauche, 1779). From pp. i–ii: Archived 2017-02-06 at the Wayback Machine "La science qui rassemble les faits, qui seuls peuvent servir de base à la Théorie de la Terre ou à la Géologie, c'est la Géographie physique, ou la description de notre Globe; … " (The science that assembles the facts which alone can serve as the basis of the theory of the Earth or of "geology", is physical geography, or the description of our globe; … )
Saussure, Horace-Bénédict de, Voyages dans les Alpes, … (Neuchatel, (Switzerland): Samuel Fauche, 1779). From pp. i–ii: Archived 2017-02-06 at the Wayback Machine "La science qui rassemble les faits, qui seuls peuvent servir de base à la Théorie de la Terre ou à la Géologie, c'est la Géographie physique, ou la description de notre Globe; … " (The science that assembles the facts which alone can serve as the basis of the theory of the Earth or of "geology", is physical geography, or the description of our globe; … )

books.google.com

Guéguen, Yves; Palciauskas, Victor (1994). Introduction to the Physics of Rocks. Princeton University Press: Princeton University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-691-03452-2.
Reijer Hooykaas, Natural Law and Divine Miracle: The Principle of Uniformity in Geology, Biology, and Theology. Archived 2017-01-19 at the Wayback Machine, Leiden: EJ Brill, 1963.
Compare: Hansen, Jens Morten (2009-01-01). "On the origin of natural history: Steno's modern, but forgotten philosophy of science". In Rosenberg, Gary D. (ed.). The Revolution in Geology from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. Geological Society of America Memoir. Vol. 203. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America (published 2009). p. 169. ISBN 978-0-8137-1203-1. Archived from the original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2016-08-24. [...] the historic dichotomy between 'hard rock' and 'soft rock' geologists, i.e. scientists working mainly with endogenous and exogenous processes, respectively [...] endogenous forces mainly defining the developments below Earth's crust and the exogenous forces mainly defining the developments on top of and above Earth's crust.
From his will (Testamento d'Ullisse Aldrovandi) of 1603, which is reproduced in: Fantuzzi, Giovanni, Memorie della vita di Ulisse Aldrovandi, medico e filosofo bolognese … (Bologna, Italy: Lelio dalla Volpe, 1774). From p. 81: Archived 2017-02-16 at the Wayback Machine " … & anco la Giologia, ovvero de Fossilibus; … " ( … and likewise geology, or [the study] of things dug from the earth; … )
Vai, Gian Battista; Cavazza, William (2003). Four centuries of the word geology: Ulisse Aldrovandi 1603 in Bologna. Minerva. ISBN 978-88-7381-056-8. Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
Kermit H., (2003) Niels Stensen, 1638–1686: the scientist who was beatified. Archived 2017-01-20 at the Wayback Machine. Gracewing Publishing. p. 127.
Lomonosov, Mikhail (2012). On the Strata of the Earth. Translation and commentary by S.M. Rowland and S. Korolev. The Geological Society of America, Special Paper 485. ISBN 978-0-8137-2485-0. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
Maclure, William (1817). Observations on the Geology of the United States of America: With Some Remarks on the Effect Produced on the Nature and Fertility of Soils, by the Decomposition of the Different Classes of Rocks; and an Application to the Fertility of Every State in the Union, in Reference to the Accompanying Geological Map. Philadelphia: Abraham Small. Archived from the original on 2015-10-27. Retrieved 2015-11-14.

cdlib.org

repositories.cdlib.org

Hess, H. H. (November 1, 1962) "History Of Ocean Basins. Archived 2009-10-16 at the Wayback Machine", pp. 599–620 in Petrologic studies: a volume in honor of A. F. Buddington. A. E. J. Engel, Harold L. James, and B. F. Leonard (eds.). Geological Society of America.

columbia.edu

rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu

Olsen, Paul E. (2001). "Steno's Principles of Stratigraphy". Dinosaurs and the History of Life. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2009-03-14.

davidrumsey.com

Maclure's 1809 Geological Map. Archived 2014-08-14 at the Wayback Machine. davidrumsey.com.

doi.org

Gunten, Hans R. von (1995). "Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 70–71 (s1): 305–413. doi:10.1524/ract.1995.7071.special-issue.305. ISSN 2193-3405. S2CID 100441969. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-12. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
Amelin, Y. (2002). "Lead Isotopic Ages of Chondrules and Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusions". Science. 297 (5587): 1678–1683. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1678A. doi:10.1126/science.1073950. PMID 12215641. S2CID 24923770.
Patterson, C. (1956). "Age of Meteorites and the Earth". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 10 (4): 230–237. Bibcode:1956GeCoA..10..230P. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(56)90036-9.
Tucker, R. D.; Bradley, D. C.; Ver Straeten, C. A.; Harris, A. G.; Ebert, J. R.; McCutcheon, S. R. (1998). "New U–Pb zircon ages and the duration and division of Devonian time" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 158 (3–4): 175–186. Bibcode:1998E&PSL.158..175T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.7372. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00050-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-26. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
Morton, A. C. (1985). "A new approach to provenance studies: electron microprobe analysis of detrital garnets from Middle Jurassic sandstones of the northern North Sea". Sedimentology. 32 (4): 553–566. Bibcode:1985Sedim..32..553M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1985.tb00470.x.
Zheng, Y; Fu, Bin; Gong, Bing; Li, Long (2003). "Stable isotope geochemistry of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie–Sulu orogen in China: implications for geodynamics and fluid regime". Earth-Science Reviews. 62 (1): 105–161. Bibcode:2003ESRv...62..105Z. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00133-2.
Condomines, M.; Tanguy, J.; Michaud, V. (1995). "Magma dynamics at Mt Etna: Constraints from U-Th-Ra-Pb radioactive disequilibria and Sr isotopes in historical lavas". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 132 (1): 25–41. Bibcode:1995E&PSL.132...25C. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(95)00052-E.
Shepherd, T. J.; Rankin, A. H.; Alderton, D. H. M. (1985). A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies. Vol. 50. Glasgow: Blackie. p. 352. Bibcode:1986MinM...50..352P. doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.32. ISBN 978-0-412-00601-2. S2CID 129592238. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sack, Richard O.; Walker, David; Carmichael, Ian S.E. (1987). "Experimental petrology of alkalic lavas: constraints on cotectics of multiple saturation in natural basic liquids". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 96 (1): 1–23. Bibcode:1987CoMP...96....1S. doi:10.1007/BF00375521. S2CID 129193823.
Deegan, F. M.; Troll, V. R.; Freda, C.; Misiti, V.; Chadwick, J. P.; McLeod, C. L.; Davidson, J. P. (May 2010). "Magma–Carbonate Interaction Processes and Associated CO2 Release at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia: Insights from Experimental Petrology". Journal of Petrology. 51 (5): 1027–1051. doi:10.1093/petrology/egq010. ISSN 1460-2415.
Dahlen, F. A. (1990). "Critical Taper Model of Fold-and-Thrust Belts and Accretionary Wedges". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 18: 55–99. Bibcode:1990AREPS..18...55D. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.000415.
Gutscher, M; Kukowski, Nina; Malavieille, Jacques; Lallemand, Serge (1998). "Material transfer in accretionary wedges from analysis of a systematic series of analog experiments". Journal of Structural Geology. 20 (4): 407–416. Bibcode:1998JSG....20..407G. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00096-5.
Koons, P. O. (1995). "Modeling the Topographic Evolution of Collisional Belts". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 23: 375–408. Bibcode:1995AREPS..23..375K. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.23.050195.002111.
Dahlen, F. A.; Suppe, J.; Davis, D. (1984). "Mechanics of Fold-and-Thrust Belts and Accretionary Wedges: Cohesive Coulomb Theory". Journal of Geophysical Research. 89 (B12): 10087–10101. Bibcode:1984JGR....8910087D. doi:10.1029/JB089iB12p10087.
Hodell, David A.; Benson, Richard H.; Kent, Dennis V.; Boersma, Anne; Rakic-El Bied, Kruna (1994). "Magnetostratigraphic, Biostratigraphic, and Stable Isotope Stratigraphy of an Upper Miocene Drill Core from the Salé Briqueterie (Northwestern Morocco): A High-Resolution Chronology for the Messinian Stage". Paleoceanography. 9 (6): 835–855. Bibcode:1994PalOc...9..835H. doi:10.1029/94PA01838.
Fernández, O.; Muñoz, J. A.; Arbués, P.; Falivene, O.; Marzo, M. (2004). "Three-dimensional reconstruction of geological surfaces: An example of growth strata and turbidite systems from the Ainsa basin (Pyrenees, Spain)". AAPG Bulletin. 88 (8): 1049–1068. Bibcode:2004BAAPG..88.1049F. doi:10.1306/02260403062.
Poulsen, Chris J.; Flemings, Peter B.; Robinson, Ruth A. J.; Metzger, John M. (1998). "Three-dimensional stratigraphic evolution of the Miocene Baltimore Canyon region: Implications for eustatic interpretations and the systems tract model". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 110 (9): 1105–1122. Bibcode:1998GSAB..110.1105P. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1105:TDSEOT>2.3.CO;2.
Toscano, M; Lundberg, Joyce (1999). "Submerged Late Pleistocene reefs on the tectonically-stable S.E. Florida margin: high-precision geochronology, stratigraphy, resolution of Substage 5a sea-level elevation, and orbital forcing". Quaternary Science Reviews. 18 (6): 753–767. Bibcode:1999QSRv...18..753T. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00077-8.
Laughlin, Gregory; Lissauer, Jack (2015). "Exoplanetary Geophysics: An Emerging Discipline". Treatise on Geophysics. pp. 673–694. arXiv:1501.05685. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00186-X. ISBN 9780444538031. S2CID 118743781.
Hamilton, Pixie A.; Helsel, Dennis R. (1995). "Effects of Agriculture on Ground-Water Quality in Five Regions of the United States". Ground Water. 33 (2): 217–226. Bibcode:1995GrWat..33..217H. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00276.x. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2020-08-29.
Seckler, David; Barker, Randolph; Amarasinghe, Upali (1999). "Water Scarcity in the Twenty-first Century". International Journal of Water Resources Development. 15 (1–2): 29–42. Bibcode:1999IJWRD..15...29S. doi:10.1080/07900629948916.
Welch, Alan H.; Lico, Michael S.; Hughes, Jennifer L. (1988). "Arsenic in Ground Water of the Western United States". Ground Water. 26 (3): 333–347. Bibcode:1988GrWat..26..333W. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00397.x.
Barnola, J. M.; Raynaud, D.; Korotkevich, Y. S.; Lorius, C. (1987). "Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2". Nature. 329 (6138): 408–414. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..408B. doi:10.1038/329408a0. S2CID 4268239.
Colman, S. M.; Jones, G. A.; Forester, R. M.; Foster, D. S. (1990). "Holocene paleoclimatic evidence and sedimentation rates from a core in southwestern Lake Michigan". Journal of Paleolimnology. 4 (3): 269. Bibcode:1990JPall...4..269C. doi:10.1007/BF00239699. S2CID 129496709.
Jones, P. D.; Mann, M. E. (6 May 2004). "Climate over past millennia" (PDF). Reviews of Geophysics. 42 (2): RG2002. Bibcode:2004RvGeo..42.2002J. doi:10.1029/2003RG000143. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
Greene, J. C.; Burke, J. G. (1978). "The Science of Minerals in the Age of Jefferson". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. 68 (4): 1–113 [39]. doi:10.2307/1006294. JSTOR 1006294.
England, Philip; Molnar, Peter; Richter, Frank (2007). "John Perry's neglected critique of Kelvin's age for the Earth: A missed opportunity in geodynamics". GSA Today. 17 (1): 4. Bibcode:2007GSAT...17R...4E. doi:10.1130/GSAT01701A.1.

etymonline.com

Harper, Douglas. "geology". Online Etymology Dictionary.

geolsoc.org.uk

"What is geology?". The Geological Society. Retrieved 31 May 2023.

gutenberg.org

Gutenberg ebook links: (Vol. 1. Archived 2020-09-14 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 2. Archived 2020-08-09 at the Wayback Machine).

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Amelin, Y. (2002). "Lead Isotopic Ages of Chondrules and Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusions". Science. 297 (5587): 1678–1683. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1678A. doi:10.1126/science.1073950. PMID 12215641. S2CID 24923770.
Patterson, C. (1956). "Age of Meteorites and the Earth". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 10 (4): 230–237. Bibcode:1956GeCoA..10..230P. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(56)90036-9.
Tucker, R. D.; Bradley, D. C.; Ver Straeten, C. A.; Harris, A. G.; Ebert, J. R.; McCutcheon, S. R. (1998). "New U–Pb zircon ages and the duration and division of Devonian time" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 158 (3–4): 175–186. Bibcode:1998E&PSL.158..175T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.7372. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00050-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-26. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
Morton, A. C. (1985). "A new approach to provenance studies: electron microprobe analysis of detrital garnets from Middle Jurassic sandstones of the northern North Sea". Sedimentology. 32 (4): 553–566. Bibcode:1985Sedim..32..553M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1985.tb00470.x.
Zheng, Y; Fu, Bin; Gong, Bing; Li, Long (2003). "Stable isotope geochemistry of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie–Sulu orogen in China: implications for geodynamics and fluid regime". Earth-Science Reviews. 62 (1): 105–161. Bibcode:2003ESRv...62..105Z. doi:10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00133-2.
Condomines, M.; Tanguy, J.; Michaud, V. (1995). "Magma dynamics at Mt Etna: Constraints from U-Th-Ra-Pb radioactive disequilibria and Sr isotopes in historical lavas". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 132 (1): 25–41. Bibcode:1995E&PSL.132...25C. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(95)00052-E.
Shepherd, T. J.; Rankin, A. H.; Alderton, D. H. M. (1985). A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies. Vol. 50. Glasgow: Blackie. p. 352. Bibcode:1986MinM...50..352P. doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.32. ISBN 978-0-412-00601-2. S2CID 129592238. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sack, Richard O.; Walker, David; Carmichael, Ian S.E. (1987). "Experimental petrology of alkalic lavas: constraints on cotectics of multiple saturation in natural basic liquids". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 96 (1): 1–23. Bibcode:1987CoMP...96....1S. doi:10.1007/BF00375521. S2CID 129193823.
Dahlen, F. A. (1990). "Critical Taper Model of Fold-and-Thrust Belts and Accretionary Wedges". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 18: 55–99. Bibcode:1990AREPS..18...55D. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.000415.
Gutscher, M; Kukowski, Nina; Malavieille, Jacques; Lallemand, Serge (1998). "Material transfer in accretionary wedges from analysis of a systematic series of analog experiments". Journal of Structural Geology. 20 (4): 407–416. Bibcode:1998JSG....20..407G. doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00096-5.
Koons, P. O. (1995). "Modeling the Topographic Evolution of Collisional Belts". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 23: 375–408. Bibcode:1995AREPS..23..375K. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.23.050195.002111.
Dahlen, F. A.; Suppe, J.; Davis, D. (1984). "Mechanics of Fold-and-Thrust Belts and Accretionary Wedges: Cohesive Coulomb Theory". Journal of Geophysical Research. 89 (B12): 10087–10101. Bibcode:1984JGR....8910087D. doi:10.1029/JB089iB12p10087.
Hodell, David A.; Benson, Richard H.; Kent, Dennis V.; Boersma, Anne; Rakic-El Bied, Kruna (1994). "Magnetostratigraphic, Biostratigraphic, and Stable Isotope Stratigraphy of an Upper Miocene Drill Core from the Salé Briqueterie (Northwestern Morocco): A High-Resolution Chronology for the Messinian Stage". Paleoceanography. 9 (6): 835–855. Bibcode:1994PalOc...9..835H. doi:10.1029/94PA01838.
Fernández, O.; Muñoz, J. A.; Arbués, P.; Falivene, O.; Marzo, M. (2004). "Three-dimensional reconstruction of geological surfaces: An example of growth strata and turbidite systems from the Ainsa basin (Pyrenees, Spain)". AAPG Bulletin. 88 (8): 1049–1068. Bibcode:2004BAAPG..88.1049F. doi:10.1306/02260403062.
Poulsen, Chris J.; Flemings, Peter B.; Robinson, Ruth A. J.; Metzger, John M. (1998). "Three-dimensional stratigraphic evolution of the Miocene Baltimore Canyon region: Implications for eustatic interpretations and the systems tract model". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 110 (9): 1105–1122. Bibcode:1998GSAB..110.1105P. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1105:TDSEOT>2.3.CO;2.
Toscano, M; Lundberg, Joyce (1999). "Submerged Late Pleistocene reefs on the tectonically-stable S.E. Florida margin: high-precision geochronology, stratigraphy, resolution of Substage 5a sea-level elevation, and orbital forcing". Quaternary Science Reviews. 18 (6): 753–767. Bibcode:1999QSRv...18..753T. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00077-8.
Hamilton, Pixie A.; Helsel, Dennis R. (1995). "Effects of Agriculture on Ground-Water Quality in Five Regions of the United States". Ground Water. 33 (2): 217–226. Bibcode:1995GrWat..33..217H. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00276.x. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2020-08-29.
Seckler, David; Barker, Randolph; Amarasinghe, Upali (1999). "Water Scarcity in the Twenty-first Century". International Journal of Water Resources Development. 15 (1–2): 29–42. Bibcode:1999IJWRD..15...29S. doi:10.1080/07900629948916.
Welch, Alan H.; Lico, Michael S.; Hughes, Jennifer L. (1988). "Arsenic in Ground Water of the Western United States". Ground Water. 26 (3): 333–347. Bibcode:1988GrWat..26..333W. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1988.tb00397.x.
Barnola, J. M.; Raynaud, D.; Korotkevich, Y. S.; Lorius, C. (1987). "Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2". Nature. 329 (6138): 408–414. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..408B. doi:10.1038/329408a0. S2CID 4268239.
Colman, S. M.; Jones, G. A.; Forester, R. M.; Foster, D. S. (1990). "Holocene paleoclimatic evidence and sedimentation rates from a core in southwestern Lake Michigan". Journal of Paleolimnology. 4 (3): 269. Bibcode:1990JPall...4..269C. doi:10.1007/BF00239699. S2CID 129496709.
Jones, P. D.; Mann, M. E. (6 May 2004). "Climate over past millennia" (PDF). Reviews of Geophysics. 42 (2): RG2002. Bibcode:2004RvGeo..42.2002J. doi:10.1029/2003RG000143. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
England, Philip; Molnar, Peter; Richter, Frank (2007). "John Perry's neglected critique of Kelvin's age for the Earth: A missed opportunity in geodynamics". GSA Today. 17 (1): 4. Bibcode:2007GSAT...17R...4E. doi:10.1130/GSAT01701A.1.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Deluc, Jean André de, Lettres physiques et morales sur les montagnes et sur l'histoire de la terre et de l'homme. … [Physical and moral letters on mountains and on the history of the Earth and man. … ], vol. 1 (Paris, France: V. Duchesne, 1779), pp. 4, 5, and 7. From p. 4: Archived 2018-11-22 at the Wayback Machine "Entrainé par les liaisons de cet objet avec la Géologie, j'entrepris dans un second voyage de les développer à SA MAJESTÉ; … " (Driven by the connections between this subject and geology, I undertook a second voyage to develop them for Her Majesty [viz, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland]; … ) From p. 5: Archived 2018-11-22 at the Wayback Machine "Je vis que je faisais un Traité, et non une equisse de Géologie." (I see that I wrote a treatise, and not a sketch of geology.) From the footnote on p. 7: Archived 2018-11-22 at the Wayback Machine "Je répète ici, ce que j'avois dit dans ma première Préface, sur la substitution de mot Cosmologie à celui de Géologie, quoiqu'il ne s'agisse pas de l'Univers, mais seulement de la Terre: … " (I repeat here what I said in my first preface about the substitution of the word "cosmology" for that of "geology", although it is not a matter of the universe but only of the Earth: … ) [Note: A pirated edition of this book was published in 1778.]

jstor.org

Greene, J. C.; Burke, J. G. (1978). "The Science of Minerals in the Age of Jefferson". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. New Series. 68 (4): 1–113 [39]. doi:10.2307/1006294. JSTOR 1006294.

muslimheritage.com

Al-Rawi, Munin M. (November 2002). The Contribution of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) to the development of Earth Sciences (PDF) (Report). Manchester, UK: Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation. Publication 4039. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-03. Retrieved 2008-07-22.

nh.gov

des.nh.gov

"Surficial Geologic Maps". Archived 2016-02-16 at the Wayback Machine, in New Hampshire Geological Survey, Geologic maps. des.nh.gov.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Amelin, Y. (2002). "Lead Isotopic Ages of Chondrules and Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusions". Science. 297 (5587): 1678–1683. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1678A. doi:10.1126/science.1073950. PMID 12215641. S2CID 24923770.

ocre-geoscience.com

"OCRE GeoMap". OCRE Geoscience Services.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Tucker, R. D.; Bradley, D. C.; Ver Straeten, C. A.; Harris, A. G.; Ebert, J. R.; McCutcheon, S. R. (1998). "New U–Pb zircon ages and the duration and division of Devonian time" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 158 (3–4): 175–186. Bibcode:1998E&PSL.158..175T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.7372. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00050-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-26. Retrieved 2018-01-29.

meteo.psu.edu

Jones, P. D.; Mann, M. E. (6 May 2004). "Climate over past millennia" (PDF). Reviews of Geophysics. 42 (2): RG2002. Bibcode:2004RvGeo..42.2002J. doi:10.1029/2003RG000143. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2015.

rero.ch

doc.rero.ch

Gunten, Hans R. von (1995). "Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 70–71 (s1): 305–413. doi:10.1524/ract.1995.7071.special-issue.305. ISSN 2193-3405. S2CID 100441969. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-12. Retrieved 2019-06-29.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Gunten, Hans R. von (1995). "Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 70–71 (s1): 305–413. doi:10.1524/ract.1995.7071.special-issue.305. ISSN 2193-3405. S2CID 100441969. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-12. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
Amelin, Y. (2002). "Lead Isotopic Ages of Chondrules and Calcium-Aluminum-Rich Inclusions". Science. 297 (5587): 1678–1683. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1678A. doi:10.1126/science.1073950. PMID 12215641. S2CID 24923770.
Shepherd, T. J.; Rankin, A. H.; Alderton, D. H. M. (1985). A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies. Vol. 50. Glasgow: Blackie. p. 352. Bibcode:1986MinM...50..352P. doi:10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.32. ISBN 978-0-412-00601-2. S2CID 129592238. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Sack, Richard O.; Walker, David; Carmichael, Ian S.E. (1987). "Experimental petrology of alkalic lavas: constraints on cotectics of multiple saturation in natural basic liquids". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 96 (1): 1–23. Bibcode:1987CoMP...96....1S. doi:10.1007/BF00375521. S2CID 129193823.
Laughlin, Gregory; Lissauer, Jack (2015). "Exoplanetary Geophysics: An Emerging Discipline". Treatise on Geophysics. pp. 673–694. arXiv:1501.05685. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00186-X. ISBN 9780444538031. S2CID 118743781.
Barnola, J. M.; Raynaud, D.; Korotkevich, Y. S.; Lorius, C. (1987). "Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2". Nature. 329 (6138): 408–414. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..408B. doi:10.1038/329408a0. S2CID 4268239.
Colman, S. M.; Jones, G. A.; Forester, R. M.; Foster, D. S. (1990). "Holocene paleoclimatic evidence and sedimentation rates from a core in southwestern Lake Michigan". Journal of Paleolimnology. 4 (3): 269. Bibcode:1990JPall...4..269C. doi:10.1007/BF00239699. S2CID 129496709.

stratigraphy.org

International Commission on Stratigraphy. Archived September 20, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. stratigraphy.org.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

γῆ. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.

uoregon.edu

jersey.uoregon.edu

"Mineral Identification Tests". Geoman's Mineral ID Tests. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.

usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

Kious, Jacquelyne; Tilling, Robert I. (1996). "Developing the Theory". This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics. Kiger, Martha, Russel, Jane (Online ed.). Reston: United States Geological Survey. ISBN 978-0-16-048220-5. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
Kious, Jacquelyne; Tilling, Robert I. (1996). "Understanding Plate Motions". This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics. Kiger, Martha, Russel, Jane (Online ed.). Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. ISBN 978-0-16-048220-5. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2009.

alaska.usgs.gov

Tucker, R. D.; Bradley, D. C.; Ver Straeten, C. A.; Harris, A. G.; Ebert, J. R.; McCutcheon, S. R. (1998). "New U–Pb zircon ages and the duration and division of Devonian time" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 158 (3–4): 175–186. Bibcode:1998E&PSL.158..175T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.7372. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00050-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-26. Retrieved 2018-01-29.

topomaps.usgs.gov

"USGS Topographic Maps". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 2009-04-12. Retrieved 2009-04-11.

usgs.gov

USGS Natural Hazards Gateway. Archived 2010-09-23 at the Wayback Machine. usgs.gov.

web.archive.org

Gunten, Hans R. von (1995). "Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 70–71 (s1): 305–413. doi:10.1524/ract.1995.7071.special-issue.305. ISSN 2193-3405. S2CID 100441969. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-12. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
"Mineral Identification Tests". Geoman's Mineral ID Tests. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
"Surficial Geologic Maps". Archived 2016-02-16 at the Wayback Machine, in New Hampshire Geological Survey, Geologic maps. des.nh.gov.
Hess, H. H. (November 1, 1962) "History Of Ocean Basins. Archived 2009-10-16 at the Wayback Machine", pp. 599–620 in Petrologic studies: a volume in honor of A. F. Buddington. A. E. J. Engel, Harold L. James, and B. F. Leonard (eds.). Geological Society of America.
Kious, Jacquelyne; Tilling, Robert I. (1996). "Developing the Theory". This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics. Kiger, Martha, Russel, Jane (Online ed.). Reston: United States Geological Survey. ISBN 978-0-16-048220-5. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
Kious, Jacquelyne; Tilling, Robert I. (1996). "Understanding Plate Motions". This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics. Kiger, Martha, Russel, Jane (Online ed.). Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. ISBN 978-0-16-048220-5. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
International Commission on Stratigraphy. Archived September 20, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. stratigraphy.org.
Reijer Hooykaas, Natural Law and Divine Miracle: The Principle of Uniformity in Geology, Biology, and Theology. Archived 2017-01-19 at the Wayback Machine, Leiden: EJ Brill, 1963.
Olsen, Paul E. (2001). "Steno's Principles of Stratigraphy". Dinosaurs and the History of Life. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
Tucker, R. D.; Bradley, D. C.; Ver Straeten, C. A.; Harris, A. G.; Ebert, J. R.; McCutcheon, S. R. (1998). "New U–Pb zircon ages and the duration and division of Devonian time" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 158 (3–4): 175–186. Bibcode:1998E&PSL.158..175T. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.7372. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00050-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-26. Retrieved 2018-01-29.
Compare: Hansen, Jens Morten (2009-01-01). "On the origin of natural history: Steno's modern, but forgotten philosophy of science". In Rosenberg, Gary D. (ed.). The Revolution in Geology from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. Geological Society of America Memoir. Vol. 203. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America (published 2009). p. 169. ISBN 978-0-8137-1203-1. Archived from the original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2016-08-24. [...] the historic dichotomy between 'hard rock' and 'soft rock' geologists, i.e. scientists working mainly with endogenous and exogenous processes, respectively [...] endogenous forces mainly defining the developments below Earth's crust and the exogenous forces mainly defining the developments on top of and above Earth's crust.
"USGS Topographic Maps". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 2009-04-12. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
Hamilton, Pixie A.; Helsel, Dennis R. (1995). "Effects of Agriculture on Ground-Water Quality in Five Regions of the United States". Ground Water. 33 (2): 217–226. Bibcode:1995GrWat..33..217H. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00276.x. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2020-08-29.
Jones, P. D.; Mann, M. E. (6 May 2004). "Climate over past millennia" (PDF). Reviews of Geophysics. 42 (2): RG2002. Bibcode:2004RvGeo..42.2002J. doi:10.1029/2003RG000143. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
USGS Natural Hazards Gateway. Archived 2010-09-23 at the Wayback Machine. usgs.gov.
Al-Rawi, Munin M. (November 2002). The Contribution of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) to the development of Earth Sciences (PDF) (Report). Manchester, UK: Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation. Publication 4039. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-03. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
From his will (Testamento d'Ullisse Aldrovandi) of 1603, which is reproduced in: Fantuzzi, Giovanni, Memorie della vita di Ulisse Aldrovandi, medico e filosofo bolognese … (Bologna, Italy: Lelio dalla Volpe, 1774). From p. 81: Archived 2017-02-16 at the Wayback Machine " … & anco la Giologia, ovvero de Fossilibus; … " ( … and likewise geology, or [the study] of things dug from the earth; … )
Vai, Gian Battista; Cavazza, William (2003). Four centuries of the word geology: Ulisse Aldrovandi 1603 in Bologna. Minerva. ISBN 978-88-7381-056-8. Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
Deluc, Jean André de, Lettres physiques et morales sur les montagnes et sur l'histoire de la terre et de l'homme. … [Physical and moral letters on mountains and on the history of the Earth and man. … ], vol. 1 (Paris, France: V. Duchesne, 1779), pp. 4, 5, and 7. From p. 4: Archived 2018-11-22 at the Wayback Machine "Entrainé par les liaisons de cet objet avec la Géologie, j'entrepris dans un second voyage de les développer à SA MAJESTÉ; … " (Driven by the connections between this subject and geology, I undertook a second voyage to develop them for Her Majesty [viz, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland]; … ) From p. 5: Archived 2018-11-22 at the Wayback Machine "Je vis que je faisais un Traité, et non une equisse de Géologie." (I see that I wrote a treatise, and not a sketch of geology.) From the footnote on p. 7: Archived 2018-11-22 at the Wayback Machine "Je répète ici, ce que j'avois dit dans ma première Préface, sur la substitution de mot Cosmologie à celui de Géologie, quoiqu'il ne s'agisse pas de l'Univers, mais seulement de la Terre: … " (I repeat here what I said in my first preface about the substitution of the word "cosmology" for that of "geology", although it is not a matter of the universe but only of the Earth: … ) [Note: A pirated edition of this book was published in 1778.]
Saussure, Horace-Bénédict de, Voyages dans les Alpes, … (Neuchatel, (Switzerland): Samuel Fauche, 1779). From pp. i–ii: Archived 2017-02-06 at the Wayback Machine "La science qui rassemble les faits, qui seuls peuvent servir de base à la Théorie de la Terre ou à la Géologie, c'est la Géographie physique, ou la description de notre Globe; … " (The science that assembles the facts which alone can serve as the basis of the theory of the Earth or of "geology", is physical geography, or the description of our globe; … )
Saussure, Horace-Bénédict de, Voyages dans les Alpes, … (Neuchatel, (Switzerland): Samuel Fauche, 1779). From pp. i–ii: Archived 2017-02-06 at the Wayback Machine "La science qui rassemble les faits, qui seuls peuvent servir de base à la Théorie de la Terre ou à la Géologie, c'est la Géographie physique, ou la description de notre Globe; … " (The science that assembles the facts which alone can serve as the basis of the theory of the Earth or of "geology", is physical geography, or the description of our globe; … )
Kermit H., (2003) Niels Stensen, 1638–1686: the scientist who was beatified. Archived 2017-01-20 at the Wayback Machine. Gracewing Publishing. p. 127.
Lomonosov, Mikhail (2012). On the Strata of the Earth. Translation and commentary by S.M. Rowland and S. Korolev. The Geological Society of America, Special Paper 485. ISBN 978-0-8137-2485-0. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-19.
James Hutton: The Founder of Modern Geology. Archived 2016-08-27 at the Wayback Machine. American Museum of Natural History.
Gutenberg ebook links: (Vol. 1. Archived 2020-09-14 at the Wayback Machine, Vol. 2. Archived 2020-08-09 at the Wayback Machine).
Maclure, William (1817). Observations on the Geology of the United States of America: With Some Remarks on the Effect Produced on the Nature and Fertility of Soils, by the Decomposition of the Different Classes of Rocks; and an Application to the Fertility of Every State in the Union, in Reference to the Accompanying Geological Map. Philadelphia: Abraham Small. Archived from the original on 2015-10-27. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
Maclure's 1809 Geological Map. Archived 2014-08-14 at the Wayback Machine. davidrumsey.com.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Gunten, Hans R. von (1995). "Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past" (PDF). Radiochimica Acta. 70–71 (s1): 305–413. doi:10.1524/ract.1995.7071.special-issue.305. ISSN 2193-3405. S2CID 100441969. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-12-12. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
Deegan, F. M.; Troll, V. R.; Freda, C.; Misiti, V.; Chadwick, J. P.; McLeod, C. L.; Davidson, J. P. (May 2010). "Magma–Carbonate Interaction Processes and Associated CO2 Release at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia: Insights from Experimental Petrology". Journal of Petrology. 51 (5): 1027–1051. doi:10.1093/petrology/egq010. ISSN 1460-2415.

zenodo.org

Hamilton, Pixie A.; Helsel, Dennis R. (1995). "Effects of Agriculture on Ground-Water Quality in Five Regions of the United States". Ground Water. 33 (2): 217–226. Bibcode:1995GrWat..33..217H. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00276.x. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2020-08-29.