German nationality law (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "German nationality law" in English language version.

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apnews.com

Moulson, Geir (19 January 2024). "German parliament approves easing rules to get citizenship, dropping restrictions on dual passports". AP News. Berlin. Retrieved 27 March 2024.

bund.de

recht.bund.de

"Gesetz zur Modernisierung des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts (StARModG)" [Law for Modernisation of the Nationality Law (StARModG)]. Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I (in German). No. 104. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
"BGBl. 2024 I Nr. 104". www.recht.bund.de (in German). The federal government of Germany. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

bva.bund.de

"Citizenship". Federal Office of Administration. Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

bundesregierung.de

"Modernisierung des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts | Schnellere Einbürgerungen unter strengeren Voraussetzungen" [Modernisation of citizenship law | Faster naturalisation under stricter conditions]. Die Bundesregierung informiert (in German). 27 June 2024. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.

bundestag.de

"Bundestag erleichtert Zugang zur deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit". Deutscher Bundestag. 19 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.

dserver.bundestag.de

1041st meeting of the Federal Council on 2 February 2024, p. 9, accessed on 3 March 2024.

ceps.eu

Vahl & Grolimund 2006, p. 12. Vahl, Marius; Grolimund, Nina (2006). Integration Without Membership: Switzerland's Bilateral Agreements with the European Union (PDF). Centre for European Policy Studies. ISBN 92-9079-616-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
de Groot & Vink 2014, pp. 21–22. de Groot, Gerard-René; Vink, Maarten Peter (December 2014). "A Comparative Analysis of Regulations on Involuntary Loss of Nationality in the European Union" (PDF). CEPS Papers in Liberty and Security in Europe. Centre for European Policy Studies. ISBN 978-94-6138-437-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 December 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2022.

diplo.de

uk.diplo.de

"Acquisition of German citizenship by declaration (new provision of 20 August 2021)". German Missions in the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.

australien.diplo.de

"'Am I a German citizen?' - Basics of German citizenship law". Missions of the Federal Republic of Germany in Australia. 21 October 2020. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.

doi.org

Flournoy 1914, p. 478. Flournoy, Richard W. Jr. (1914). "Observations on the New German Law of Nationality". American Journal of International Law. 8 (3). Cambridge University Press: 477–486. doi:10.2307/2187491. JSTOR 2187491. S2CID 147190157.
Kondo 2001, pp. 2–3. Kondo, Atsushi, ed. (2001). Citizenship in a Global World. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780333993880. ISBN 978-0-333-80266-3.
Croxton 2013, p. 356. Croxton, Derek (2013). Westphalia: The Last Christian Peace. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781137333339. ISBN 978-1-349-46220-9.
Croxton 2013, pp. 27–28. Croxton, Derek (2013). Westphalia: The Last Christian Peace. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781137333339. ISBN 978-1-349-46220-9.
Fahrmeir 1997, pp. 724, 726. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Vogt 1996, pp. 126–127. Vogt, Emily A. (April 1996). "Civilisation and Kultur: keywords in the history of French and German citizenship". Ecumene. 3 (2). SAGE Publishing: 125–145. doi:10.1177/147447409600300201. JSTOR 44252289. S2CID 162636715.
Fahrmeir 1997, pp. 722, 725. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Fahrmeir 1997, pp. 727, 731. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Stolcke 1997, p. 69. Stolcke, Verena (1997). "The 'Nature' of Nationality". In Bader, Veit (ed.). Citizenship and Exclusion. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 61–80. doi:10.1057/9780230374591_4. ISBN 978-1-349-40291-5.
Fahrmeir 1997, pp. 731–733. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Fahrmeir 1997, pp. 734–735. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Fahrmeir 1997, p. 743. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Fahrmeir 1997, p. 732. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Fahrmeir 1997, pp. 729–731. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Fahrmeir 1997, p. 746. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Fahrmeir 1997, pp. 747–748. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Fahrmeir 1997, pp. 750–751. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Sanger 2020, p. 152. Sanger, Eric (2020). "The 'Germanisation' of Local Identities in Alsace-Lorraine". Diffusion in Franco-German Relations. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 147–177. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36040-5_8. ISBN 978-3-030-36039-9. S2CID 214581311.
Veenendaal 2020, p. 153. Veenendaal, Wouter P. (2020). "Politics of the four European microstates: Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco and San Marino". In Baldacchino, Godfrey; Wivel, Anders (eds.). Handbook on the Politics of Small States. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 150–167. doi:10.4337/9781788112932.00017. ISBN 978-1-788-11292-5. S2CID 216327141.
Sherman 1915, pp. 237–241. Sherman, Gordon E. (January 1915). "The Permanent Neutrality Treaties". Yale Law Journal. 24 (3). Yale University: 217–241. doi:10.2307/787607. JSTOR 787607.
Fahrmeir 1997, p. 751. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
De Soto & Plett 1995, pp. 107, 117. De Soto, Hermine G.; Plett, Konstanze (1995). "Citizenship and Minorities in the Process of Nation Rebuilding in Germany". Political and Legal Anthropology Review. 18 (1). American Anthropological Association: 107–121. doi:10.1525/pol.1995.18.1.107. JSTOR 24497970.
Flournoy 1914, pp. 478–479. Flournoy, Richard W. Jr. (1914). "Observations on the New German Law of Nationality". American Journal of International Law. 8 (3). Cambridge University Press: 477–486. doi:10.2307/2187491. JSTOR 2187491. S2CID 147190157.
Hill 1918, p. 362. Hill, David Jayne (1918). "Dual Citizenship in the German Imperial and State Citizenship Law". American Journal of International Law. 12 (2). Cambridge University Press: 356–363. doi:10.2307/2188149. JSTOR 2188149. S2CID 147137804.
German Imperial and State Citizenship Law, pp. 218–219. "German Imperial and State Citizenship Law". The American Journal of International Law. 8 (3). Cambridge University Press: 217–227. July 1914. doi:10.2307/2212311. JSTOR 2212311. S2CID 246002952.
Falcke & Vink 2020, p. 2. Falcke, Swantje; Vink, Maarten (15 December 2020). "Closing a Backdoor to Dual Citizenship: The German Citizenship Law Reform of 2000 and the Abolishment of the 'Domestic Clause'". Frontiers in Sociology. 5. Frontiers Media: 536940. doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.536940. PMC 8022491. PMID 33869482.
German Imperial and State Citizenship Law, p. 220. "German Imperial and State Citizenship Law". The American Journal of International Law. 8 (3). Cambridge University Press: 217–227. July 1914. doi:10.2307/2212311. JSTOR 2212311. S2CID 246002952.
Winter 2012, p. 356. Winter, Christine (September 2012). "Changing Frames: Identity and Citizenship of New Guineans of German Heritage during the Interwar Years". The Journal of Pacific History. 47 (3). Taylor & Francis: 347–367. doi:10.1080/00223344.2012.714092. JSTOR 41710255. S2CID 144044090.
Boswell 2000, p. 143. Boswell, Laird (2000). "From Liberation to Purge Trials in the "Mythic Provinces": Recasting French Identities in Alsace and Lorraine, 1918–1920". French Historical Studies. 23 (1). Duke University Press: 129–162. doi:10.1215/00161071-23-1-129. S2CID 144215756 – via Project MUSE.
Loewenstein 1937, p. 570. Loewenstein, Karl (1937). "Dictatorship and the German Constitution: 1933-1937". University of Chicago Law Review. 4 (2). University of Chicago Law School: 537–574. doi:10.2307/1596654. JSTOR 1596654.
Wolfe 2010, p. 116. Wolfe, Stephanie (2010). "Citizenship, Law and Injustice: The Misuse of Citizenship and Law in Germany and the United States". In Dominello, Francesca (ed.). State Power and the Legal Regulation of Evil. Brill Publishers. pp. 113–123. doi:10.1163/9781848880290_012. ISBN 978-1-84888-029-0.
Loewenstein 1937, p. 571. Loewenstein, Karl (1937). "Dictatorship and the German Constitution: 1933-1937". University of Chicago Law Review. 4 (2). University of Chicago Law School: 537–574. doi:10.2307/1596654. JSTOR 1596654.
Milton 2001, p. 216. Milton, Sybil H. (2001). ""Gypsies" as Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany". In Gellately, Robert; Stoltzfus, Nathan (eds.). Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany. Princeton University Press. pp. 212–232. doi:10.2307/j.ctv301hb7.12.
Wolfe 2010, pp. 117, 121. Wolfe, Stephanie (2010). "Citizenship, Law and Injustice: The Misuse of Citizenship and Law in Germany and the United States". In Dominello, Francesca (ed.). State Power and the Legal Regulation of Evil. Brill Publishers. pp. 113–123. doi:10.1163/9781848880290_012. ISBN 978-1-84888-029-0.
Bennett & Peglau 2014, p. 58. Bennett, Philip W.; Peglau, Andreas (2014). "The Nazi Denaturalization of German Emigrants: The Case of Wilhelm Reich". German Studies Review. 37 (1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 41–60. doi:10.1353/gsr.2014.0045. JSTOR 43555850. S2CID 159713114.
Clute 1962, p. 64. Clute, Robert E. (1962). The International Legal Status of Austria 1938–1955. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-0969-5. ISBN 978-94-015-0969-5.
Lippmann, Georgieff & Senik 2020, p. 1450. Lippmann, Quentin; Georgieff, Alexandre; Senik, Claudia (July 2020). "Undoing Gender with Institutions: Lessons from the German Division and Reunification". The Economic Journal. 130 (629). Oxford University Press: 1445–1470. doi:10.1093/ej/uez057. hdl:10419/196710.
Service 2012, pp. 532, 536. Service, Hugo (July 2012). "Reinterpreting the Expulsion of Germans from Poland, 1945—9". Journal of Contemporary History. 47 (3). SAGE Publishing: 528–550. doi:10.1177/0022009412441652. JSTOR 23249005. S2CID 220724102.
Gehrig 2014, pp. 795–797. Gehrig, Sebastian (2014). "Cold War Identities: Citizenship, Constitutional Reform, and International Law between East and West Germany, 1967-75". Journal of Contemporary History. 49 (4). SAGE Publishing: 794–814. doi:10.1177/0022009414538474. JSTOR 43697338. S2CID 145755646.
Gehrig 2014, p. 814. Gehrig, Sebastian (2014). "Cold War Identities: Citizenship, Constitutional Reform, and International Law between East and West Germany, 1967-75". Journal of Contemporary History. 49 (4). SAGE Publishing: 794–814. doi:10.1177/0022009414538474. JSTOR 43697338. S2CID 145755646.
Gehrig 2014, pp. 795–796. Gehrig, Sebastian (2014). "Cold War Identities: Citizenship, Constitutional Reform, and International Law between East and West Germany, 1967-75". Journal of Contemporary History. 49 (4). SAGE Publishing: 794–814. doi:10.1177/0022009414538474. JSTOR 43697338. S2CID 145755646.
Gehrig 2014, p. 811. Gehrig, Sebastian (2014). "Cold War Identities: Citizenship, Constitutional Reform, and International Law between East and West Germany, 1967-75". Journal of Contemporary History. 49 (4). SAGE Publishing: 794–814. doi:10.1177/0022009414538474. JSTOR 43697338. S2CID 145755646.
Frowein 1992, pp. 152–154. Frowein, Jochen Abr. (January 1992). "The Reunification of Germany". The American Journal of International Law. 86 (1). Cambridge University Press: 152–163. doi:10.2307/2203146. JSTOR 2203146.
Sanders 1996, p. 160. Sanders, Stefan (1996). "Laws of Belonging: Legal Dimensions of National Inclusion in Germany". New German Critique. 67 (67). Duke University Press: 146–176. doi:10.2307/827783. JSTOR 827783.
Sanders 1996, p. 149. Sanders, Stefan (1996). "Laws of Belonging: Legal Dimensions of National Inclusion in Germany". New German Critique. 67 (67). Duke University Press: 146–176. doi:10.2307/827783. JSTOR 827783.
Donets & Chudinovskikh 2020, p. 18. Donets, Ekaterina V.; Chudinovskikh, Olga S. (25 September 2020). "Russian policy on assistance to the resettlement of compatriots against the background of international experience". Population and Economics. 4 (3). Moscow State University: 1–32. doi:10.3897/popecon.4.e54911.
Frowein 1992, p. 159. Frowein, Jochen Abr. (January 1992). "The Reunification of Germany". The American Journal of International Law. 86 (1). Cambridge University Press: 152–163. doi:10.2307/2203146. JSTOR 2203146.
Wiener 1997, pp. 529, 544. Wiener, Antje (August 1997). "Making Sense of the New Geography of Citizenship: Fragmented Citizenship in the European Union". Theory and Society. 26 (4). Springer: 529–560. doi:10.1023/A:1006809913519. JSTOR 657860. S2CID 189868416.
Anil 2005, p. 453–454. Anil, Merih (2005). "No More Foreigners? The Remaking of German Naturalization and Citizenship Law, 1990-2000". Dialectical Anthropology. 29 (3/4). Springer: 453–470. doi:10.1007/s10624-005-1544-4. JSTOR 29790750. S2CID 144959358.
Falcke & Vink 2020, pp. 2–3. Falcke, Swantje; Vink, Maarten (15 December 2020). "Closing a Backdoor to Dual Citizenship: The German Citizenship Law Reform of 2000 and the Abolishment of the 'Domestic Clause'". Frontiers in Sociology. 5. Frontiers Media: 536940. doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.536940. PMC 8022491. PMID 33869482.
Falcke & Vink 2020, p. 3. Falcke, Swantje; Vink, Maarten (15 December 2020). "Closing a Backdoor to Dual Citizenship: The German Citizenship Law Reform of 2000 and the Abolishment of the 'Domestic Clause'". Frontiers in Sociology. 5. Frontiers Media: 536940. doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.536940. PMC 8022491. PMID 33869482.
Falcke & Vink 2020, pp. 3–4. Falcke, Swantje; Vink, Maarten (15 December 2020). "Closing a Backdoor to Dual Citizenship: The German Citizenship Law Reform of 2000 and the Abolishment of the 'Domestic Clause'". Frontiers in Sociology. 5. Frontiers Media: 536940. doi:10.3389/fsoc.2020.536940. PMC 8022491. PMID 33869482.
Kranz 2017, p. 370. Kranz, Dani (September 2017). "Changing Measures of the Quantum of Sufficient Germanness: Access to German Citizenship of Children of German/Non-German Parentage, and Children Eligible Under Jus Soli Provisions". Journal of Comparative Family Studies. 48 (3). University of Toronto Press: 367–379. doi:10.3138/jcfs.48.3.367.

dw.com

Knight, Ben; Hille, Peter (27 June 2024). "Germany's citizenship law changes take effect – DW – 06/27/2024". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
Bateson, Ian (25 June 2021). "Germany lifts restrictions for descendants of Nazi victims to get citizenship". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.

eurodiaconia.org

European Union citizens in Germany: the right to move freely and claim social benefits (PDF) (Report). Diakonie Deutschland. June 2014. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.

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Pfeiffer, Sabine (13 November 2021). "Les optants, ces Alsaciens-Lorrains qui choisissent de rester français après la guerre franco-prussienne de 1870" [The optants, the Alsatians and Lorrainers who chose to remain French after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870]. france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr (in French). Retrieved 7 October 2023.

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"Obtaining German Citizenship". German Missions in the United States. 4 November 2021. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.

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Lippmann, Georgieff & Senik 2020, p. 1450. Lippmann, Quentin; Georgieff, Alexandre; Senik, Claudia (July 2020). "Undoing Gender with Institutions: Lessons from the German Division and Reunification". The Economic Journal. 130 (629). Oxford University Press: 1445–1470. doi:10.1093/ej/uez057. hdl:10419/196710.
Farahat & Hailbronner 2020, p. 3. Farahat, Anuscheh; Hailbronner, Kay (March 2020). Report on Citizenship Law: Germany (Report). European University Institute. hdl:1814/66430.
Farahat & Hailbronner 2020, p. 5. Farahat, Anuscheh; Hailbronner, Kay (March 2020). Report on Citizenship Law: Germany (Report). European University Institute. hdl:1814/66430.
Farahat & Hailbronner 2020, p. 21. Farahat, Anuscheh; Hailbronner, Kay (March 2020). Report on Citizenship Law: Germany (Report). European University Institute. hdl:1814/66430.
Farahat & Hailbronner 2020, p. 20. Farahat, Anuscheh; Hailbronner, Kay (March 2020). Report on Citizenship Law: Germany (Report). European University Institute. hdl:1814/66430.
Farahat & Hailbronner 2020, p. 8. Farahat, Anuscheh; Hailbronner, Kay (March 2020). Report on Citizenship Law: Germany (Report). European University Institute. hdl:1814/66430.
Farahat & Hailbronner 2020, p. 7. Farahat, Anuscheh; Hailbronner, Kay (March 2020). Report on Citizenship Law: Germany (Report). European University Institute. hdl:1814/66430.
Farahat & Hailbronner 2020, p. 13. Farahat, Anuscheh; Hailbronner, Kay (March 2020). Report on Citizenship Law: Germany (Report). European University Institute. hdl:1814/66430.
Farahat & Hailbronner 2020, pp. 13, 17. Farahat, Anuscheh; Hailbronner, Kay (March 2020). Report on Citizenship Law: Germany (Report). European University Institute. hdl:1814/66430.
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Bös 2000, pp. 5–6. Bös, Mathias (2000). "The Legal Construction of Membership: Nationality Law in Germany and the United States". CES Germany & Europe Working Papers. No. 5. Harvard University. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2022.

heinonline.org

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Wolfe 2021, pp. 696–698. Wolfe, Cameron B. (2021). "Descendants of Holocaust Refugees Face Maze of Discriminatory and Arbitrary Requirements in Reclaiming German Citizenship". Georgetown Immigration Law Journal. 35 (2). Georgetown University Law Center: 695–700. ISSN 0891-4370. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022 – via HeinOnline.
Emmert 2021, p. 157. Emmert, Frantisek (2021). "German Citizenship versus Protectorate Membership in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1945)". Journal on European History of Law. 12. STS Science Centre Ltd: 154–160. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022 – via HeinOnline.
Emmert 2021, p. 156. Emmert, Frantisek (2021). "German Citizenship versus Protectorate Membership in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1945)". Journal on European History of Law. 12. STS Science Centre Ltd: 154–160. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022 – via HeinOnline.
Emmert 2021, p. 158. Emmert, Frantisek (2021). "German Citizenship versus Protectorate Membership in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1945)". Journal on European History of Law. 12. STS Science Centre Ltd: 154–160. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022 – via HeinOnline.
Wolfe 2021, pp. 699. Wolfe, Cameron B. (2021). "Descendants of Holocaust Refugees Face Maze of Discriminatory and Arbitrary Requirements in Reclaiming German Citizenship". Georgetown Immigration Law Journal. 35 (2). Georgetown University Law Center: 695–700. ISSN 0891-4370. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022 – via HeinOnline.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Boswell 2000, p. 143. Boswell, Laird (2000). "From Liberation to Purge Trials in the "Mythic Provinces": Recasting French Identities in Alsace and Lorraine, 1918–1920". French Historical Studies. 23 (1). Duke University Press: 129–162. doi:10.1215/00161071-23-1-129. S2CID 144215756 – via Project MUSE.

jstor.org

Flournoy 1914, p. 478. Flournoy, Richard W. Jr. (1914). "Observations on the New German Law of Nationality". American Journal of International Law. 8 (3). Cambridge University Press: 477–486. doi:10.2307/2187491. JSTOR 2187491. S2CID 147190157.
Fahrmeir 1997, pp. 724, 726. Fahrmeir, Andreas K. (September 1997). "Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration". The Historical Journal. 40 (3). Cambridge University Press: 721–752. doi:10.1017/S0018246X97007383. JSTOR 2639885. S2CID 159855207.
Vogt 1996, pp. 126–127. Vogt, Emily A. (April 1996). "Civilisation and Kultur: keywords in the history of French and German citizenship". Ecumene. 3 (2). SAGE Publishing: 125–145. doi:10.1177/147447409600300201. JSTOR 44252289. S2CID 162636715.
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