Golden Shield Project (English Wikipedia)

"Splinternet Behind the Great Firewall of China: The Fight Against GFW", Daniel Anderson, Queue, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 10, No. 11 (29 November 2012), doi:10.1145/2390756.2405036. Retrieved 11 October 2013.

adsale.com.hk (Global: low place; English: low place)

首屆「2002年中國大型機構信息化展覽會」全國31省市金盾工程領導雲集 (in Chinese)
"首屆「2002年中國大型機構信息化展覽會」全國31省市金盾工程領導雲集". The Adsale Group. 19 December 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010.

amnesty.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is internet censorship?". Amnesty International Australia. 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2011.

apnews.com (Global: 129^th place; English: 89^th place)

"War censorship exposes Putin's leaky internet controls". Associated Press. 14 March 2022.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Goldsmith, Jack L.; Wu, Tim (2006). Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a Borderless World. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0-19-515266-2.

aspistrategist.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The company with Aussie roots that's helping build China's surveillance state". 26 August 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2022.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Norris, Pippa; World Bank Staff (2009). Public Sentinel: News Media and Governance Reform. World Bank Publications. p. 360. ISBN 978-0-8213-8200-4. Retrieved 11 January 2011.

boxun.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

金盾工程数据库包括12亿多中国人的信息. 博讯 (in Chinese (China)). 9 April 2006. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 670^th place; English: 480^th place)

cl.cam.ac.uk

"Ignoring the Great Firewall of China", Richard Clayton, Steven J. Murdoch, and Robert N. M. Watson, PET'06: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Springer-Verlag (2006), pages 20-35, ISBN 3-540-68790-4, doi:10.1007/11957454_2. Retrieved 11 October 2013.

ccwresearch.com.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

金盾二期工程将以信息整合应用为建设重点. 计世资讯 (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 31 May 2009.

china.com.cn (Global: 2,045^th place; English: 5,652^nd place)

"金盾工程". 中国网--网上中国.
"何谓"两网一站四库十二金"？". 中国网--网上中国.

chinanews.com (Global: 1,432^nd place; English: 4,451^st place)

"中国接入互联网". Chinanews.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

ciecc.com.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.ciecc.com.cn

"CIECC E-government". en.ciecc.com.cn. Retrieved 4 May 2022.

csmonitor.com (Global: 791^st place; English: 550^th place)

Marquand, Robert (24 February 2006). "China's media censorship rattling world image". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 22 May 2011.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

MacKinnon, Rebecca (20 November 2007). "Flatter world and thicker walls? Blogs, censorship and civic discourse in China". Public Choice. 134 (1–2): 31–46. doi:10.1007/s11127-007-9199-0. ISSN 0048-5829.

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

"The art of concealment". The Economist. 6 April 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2018.

eurozine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"China: The architect of Putin's firewall". Eurozine. 21 February 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2019.

freemorenews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

自曲主编 (30 August 2009). "阅后即焚：GFW". 自曲新闻 (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2009.

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

"Russia's chief internet censor enlists China's know-how". Financial Times. 29 April 2016. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2019.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

"Russia's chief internet censor enlists China's know-how". Financial Times. 29 April 2016. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2019.

interseclab.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Internet Coup: A Technical Analysis on How a Chinese Company is Exporting The Great Firewall to Autocratic Regimes". InterSecLab. Retrieved 28 September 2025.

nbcnews.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 101^st place)

"Web mystery: China Internet traffic winds up in Wyoming - NBC News.com". NBC News. Archived from the original on 23 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.

netresec.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"China's Man-on-the-Side Attack on GitHub".

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Thompson, Clive (23 April 2006). "Google's China Problem (and China's Google Problem)". The New York Times. p. 8. Retrieved 22 May 2011.

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

"controlling information: you can't get there from here -- filtering searches". Pbs.org.

pch.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Costs and Benefits of Running a National ARD" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2006.

rfa.org (Global: 1,893^rd place; English: 3,729^th place)

"How China's Internet Police Control Speech on the Internet". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 11 June 2013. China's police authorities spent the three years between 2003 and 2006 completing the massive "Golden Shield Project". Not only did over 50 percent of China's policing agencies get on the Internet, there is also an agency called the Public Information Network Security and Monitoring Bureau, which oversees a large number network police. These are all the direct products of the Golden Shield Project.
中国“金盾工程”一期工程通过国家验收. Radio Free Asia (in Chinese (China)).^{[permanent dead link]}

rsf.org (Global: 2,397^th place; English: 2,494^th place)

"Going online in Cuba: Internet under surveillance" (PDF). Reporters Without Borders. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2009.

theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)

Fallows, James (March 2008). "The Connection Has Been Reset". The Atlantic. Retrieved 22 May 2011.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Watts, Jonathan (20 February 2006). "War of the words". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
Soldatov, Andrei; Borogan, Irina (29 November 2016). "Putin brings China's Great Firewall to Russia in cybersecurity pact". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 July 2017.

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

content.time.com

Kamenev, Marina (16 June 2010). "First, China. Next: the Great Firewall of... Australia?". Time. Retrieved 22 September 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"What is internet censorship?". Amnesty International Australia. 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
"Web mystery: China Internet traffic winds up in Wyoming - NBC News.com". NBC News. Archived from the original on 23 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
"Costs and Benefits of Running a National ARD" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2006.
自曲主编 (30 August 2009). "阅后即焚：GFW". 自曲新闻 (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2009.
金盾工程数据库包括12亿多中国人的信息. 博讯 (in Chinese (China)). 9 April 2006. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
"首屆「2002年中國大型機構信息化展覽會」全國31省市金盾工程領導雲集". The Adsale Group. 19 December 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010.
金盾二期工程将以信息整合应用为建设重点. 计世资讯 (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 31 May 2009.
"Going online in Cuba: Internet under surveillance" (PDF). Reporters Without Borders. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2009.

wikipedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

zh.wikipedia.org

公共信息网络安全监察局, or 网监局 for short

wiktionary.org (Global: 649^th place; English: 827^th place)

en.wiktionary.org

Chinese: 防火长城; pinyin: fánghuǒ chángchéng

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

Stirland, Sarah Lai. "Cisco Leak: 'Great Firewall' of China Was a Chance to Sell More Routers". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
Yang, Zeyi. "Massive Leak Shows How a Chinese Company Is Exporting the Great Firewall to the World". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 28 September 2025.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

MacKinnon, Rebecca (20 November 2007). "Flatter world and thicker walls? Blogs, censorship and civic discourse in China". Public Choice. 134 (1–2): 31–46. doi:10.1007/s11127-007-9199-0. ISSN 0048-5829.
Stirland, Sarah Lai. "Cisco Leak: 'Great Firewall' of China Was a Chance to Sell More Routers". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
Soldatov, Andrei; Borogan, Irina (29 November 2016). "Putin brings China's Great Firewall to Russia in cybersecurity pact". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
Yang, Zeyi. "Massive Leak Shows How a Chinese Company Is Exporting the Great Firewall to the World". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 28 September 2025.

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)

"Leaping the Great Firewall of China ", Emily Parker, Wall Street Journal, 24 March 2010. Retrieved 11 October 2013.

Golden Shield Project (English Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 139th place; English: 108th place)

acm.org (Global: 1,185th place; English: 840th place)

queue.acm.org

adsale.com.hk (Global: low place; English: low place)

amnesty.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

apnews.com (Global: 129th place; English: 89th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

aspistrategist.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

boxun.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cam.ac.uk (Global: 670th place; English: 480th place)

cl.cam.ac.uk

ccwresearch.com.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

china.com.cn (Global: 2,045th place; English: 5,652nd place)

chinanews.com (Global: 1,432nd place; English: 4,451st place)

ciecc.com.cn (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.ciecc.com.cn

csmonitor.com (Global: 791st place; English: 550th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

economist.com (Global: 254th place; English: 236th place)

eurozine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

freemorenews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ft.com (Global: 210th place; English: 157th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

interseclab.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 137th place; English: 101st place)

netresec.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

pbs.org (Global: 198th place; English: 154th place)

pch.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

rfa.org (Global: 1,893rd place; English: 3,729th place)

rsf.org (Global: 2,397th place; English: 2,494th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 228th place; English: 158th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12th place; English: 11th place)

time.com (Global: 61st place; English: 54th place)

content.time.com

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wikipedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

zh.wikipedia.org

wiktionary.org (Global: 649th place; English: 827th place)

en.wiktionary.org

wired.com (Global: 193rd place; English: 152nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

wsj.com (Global: 79th place; English: 65th place)

abc.net.au (Global: 139^th place; English: 108^th place)

acm.org (Global: 1,185^th place; English: 840^th place)

apnews.com (Global: 129^th place; English: 89^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cam.ac.uk (Global: 670^th place; English: 480^th place)

china.com.cn (Global: 2,045^th place; English: 5,652^nd place)

chinanews.com (Global: 1,432^nd place; English: 4,451^st place)

csmonitor.com (Global: 791^st place; English: 550^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

ft.com (Global: 210^th place; English: 157^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

nbcnews.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 101^st place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

rfa.org (Global: 1,893^rd place; English: 3,729^th place)

rsf.org (Global: 2,397^th place; English: 2,494^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

time.com (Global: 61^st place; English: 54^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wiktionary.org (Global: 649^th place; English: 827^th place)

wired.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 152^nd place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)