Gradian (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Gradian" in English language version.

Last modified: 15:48:22, 4 June 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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1912books.google.com

3^rd place

97web.archive.org

1^st place

32bipm.org

1,781^st place

2,481^st place

31europa.eu

62^nd place

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22unit-c.fr

low place

22adsabs.harvard.edu

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9^th place

22archive.org

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11wolfram.com

1,091^st place

1,169^th place

11nist.gov

708^th place

742^nd place

11artofproblemsolving.com

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11ohm-hochschule.de

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11google.com

109^th place

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11doi.org

2^nd place

11admin.ch

135^th place

266^th place

admin.ch (Global: 135^th place; English: 266^th place)

"941.202 Einheitenverordnung" (in German). Archived from the original on 22 May 2020.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Frasier, E. Lewis (February 1974), "Improving an imperfect metric system", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 30 (2): 9–44, Bibcode:1974BuAtS..30b...9F, doi:10.1080/00963402.1974.11458078. On p. 42 Frasier argues for using grads instead of radians as a standard unit of angle, but for renaming grads to "radials" instead of renaming the temperature scale.
Mahaffey, Charles T. (1976), "Metrication problems in the construction codes and standards sector", Final Report National Bureau of Standards, NBS Technical Note 915, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Commerce, Institute for Applied Technology, Center for Building Technology, Bibcode:1976nbs..reptU....M, The term "Celsius" was adopted instead of the more familiar "centigrade" because in France the word centigrade has customarily been applied to angles.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Mahaffey, Charles T. (1976), "Metrication problems in the construction codes and standards sector", Final Report National Bureau of Standards, NBS Technical Note 915, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Commerce, Institute for Applied Technology, Center for Building Technology, Bibcode:1976nbs..reptU....M, The term "Celsius" was adopted instead of the more familiar "centigrade" because in France the word centigrade has customarily been applied to angles.
Maloney, Timothy J. (1992), Electricity: Fundamental Concepts and Applications, Delmar Publishers, p. 453, ISBN 9780827346758, On most scientific calculators, this [the unit for angles] is set by the DRG key

artofproblemsolving.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Gradian". Art of Problem Solving. Retrieved 31 August 2020.

bipm.org (Global: 1,781^st place; English: 2,481^st place)

The International System of Units (PDF), V4.01 (9th ed.), International Bureau of Weights and Measures, June 2026, ISBN 978-92-822-2272-0
International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2021, retrieved 16 December 2021

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Balzer, Fritz (1946). Five Place Natural Sine and Tangent Functions in the Centesimal System. Army Map Service, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army.
Zimmerman, Edward G. (1995). "6. Angle Measurement: Transits and Theodolites". In Minnick, Roy; Brinker, Russell Charles (eds.). The surveying handbook (2nd ed.). Chapman & Hall. ISBN 041298511X.
Gorini, Catherine A. (2003). The Facts on File Geometry Handbook. Infobase Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-4381-0957-2.
Cajori, Florian (1899). A History of Physics in Its Elementary Branches: Including the Evolution of Physical Laboratories. Macmillan. ISBN 9781548494957. The angle through which the torsion-head must be deflected was measured in centesimal divisions of the circle {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Klein, H.A. (2012). The Science of Measurement: A Historical Survey. Dover Books on Mathematics. Dover Publications. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-486-14497-9. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
Frasier, E. Lewis (February 1974), "Improving an imperfect metric system", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 30 (2): 9–44, Bibcode:1974BuAtS..30b...9F, doi:10.1080/00963402.1974.11458078. On p. 42 Frasier argues for using grads instead of radians as a standard unit of angle, but for renaming grads to "radials" instead of renaming the temperature scale.
Kahmen, Heribert; Faig, Wolfgang (2012). Surveying. De Gruyter. ISBN 9783110845716.
Schofield, Wilfred (2001). Engineering surveying: theory and examination problems for students (5th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 9780750649872.
Sroka, Anton (2006). "Contribution to the prediction of ground surface movements caused by a rising water level in a flooded mine". In Sobczyk, Eugeniusz; Kicki, Jerzy (eds.). International Mining Forum 2006, New Technological Solutions in Underground Mining: Proceedings of the 7th International Mining Forum, Cracow - Szczyrk - Wieliczka, Poland, February 2006. CRC Press. ISBN 9780415889391.
Gunzburger, Yann; Merrien-Soukatchoff, Véronique; Senfaute, Gloria; Piguet, Jack-Pierre; Guglielmi, Yves (2004). "Field investigations, monitoring and modeling in the identification of rock fall causes". In Lacerda, W.; Ehrlich, Mauricio; Fontoura, S. A. B.; Sayão, A. S. F. (eds.). Landslides: Evaluation & Stabilization/Glissement de Terrain: Evaluation et Stabilisation, Set of 2 Volumes: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Landslides, June 28 -July 2, 2004 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vol. 1. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4822-6288-9.
Schmidt, Dietmar; Kühn, Friedrich (2007). "3. Remote sensing: 3.1 Aerial Photography". In Knödel, Klaus; Lange, Gerhard; Voigt, Hans-Jürgen (eds.). Environmental Geology: Handbook of Field Methods and Case Studies. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-540-74671-3.
Cooke, Heather (2007), Mathematics for Primary and Early Years: Developing Subject Knowledge, SAGE, p. 53, ISBN 9781847876287, Scientific calculators commonly have two modes for working with angles – degrees and radians

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Frasier, E. Lewis (February 1974), "Improving an imperfect metric system", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 30 (2): 9–44, Bibcode:1974BuAtS..30b...9F, doi:10.1080/00963402.1974.11458078. On p. 42 Frasier argues for using grads instead of radians as a standard unit of angle, but for renaming grads to "radials" instead of renaming the temperature scale.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

eur-lex.europa.eu

"Directive 80/181/EEC". 27 May 2009. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. On the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement and on the repeal of Directive 71/354/EEC.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Keithley, Joseph F. (1999). The Story of Electrical and Magnetic Measurements: From 500 BC to the 1940s. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-7803-1193-0. It hung on a ribbon torsion element with a knob on top, graduated in 100 parts.

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

"NIST Guide to the SI, Appendix B.9: Factors for units listed by kind of quantity or field of science". nist.gov. NIST. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017.

ohm-hochschule.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

www2.ohm-hochschule.de

Ohm, Georg Simon (1826). "Bestimmung des Gesetzes, nach welchem Metalle die Contactelektricität leiten, nebst einem Entwurfe zur Theorie des Voltaischen Apparates und des Schweiggerschen Multiplikators" (PDF). Journal für Chemie und Physik. 46: 137–166. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2020. German: wurde die Größe der Drehung oben an der Drehwage in Hunderttheilen einer ganzen Umdrehung abgelesen (p. 147) [the amount of rotation at the top of the torsion balance was read in hundred parts of an entire revolution]

unit-c.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

webdav-noauth.unit-c.fr

Patrick Bouron (2005). Cartographie: Lecture de Carte (PDF). Institut Géographique National. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
Cartographie – lecture de carte – Partie H Quelques exemples à retenir. Archived 2 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"NIST Guide to the SI, Appendix B.9: Factors for units listed by kind of quantity or field of science". nist.gov. NIST. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017.
Patrick Bouron (2005). Cartographie: Lecture de Carte (PDF). Institut Géographique National. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
Ohm, Georg Simon (1826). "Bestimmung des Gesetzes, nach welchem Metalle die Contactelektricität leiten, nebst einem Entwurfe zur Theorie des Voltaischen Apparates und des Schweiggerschen Multiplikators" (PDF). Journal für Chemie und Physik. 46: 137–166. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2020. German: wurde die Größe der Drehung oben an der Drehwage in Hunderttheilen einer ganzen Umdrehung abgelesen (p. 147) [the amount of rotation at the top of the torsion balance was read in hundred parts of an entire revolution]
"Directive 80/181/EEC". 27 May 2009. Archived from the original on 22 May 2020. On the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement and on the repeal of Directive 71/354/EEC.
"941.202 Einheitenverordnung" (in German). Archived from the original on 22 May 2020.
Cartographie – lecture de carte – Partie H Quelques exemples à retenir. Archived 2 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2021, retrieved 16 December 2021

wolfram.com (Global: 1,091^st place; English: 1,169^th place)

mathworld.wolfram.com

Weisstein, Eric W. "Gradian". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 31 August 2020.

Gradian (English Wikipedia)

admin.ch (Global: 135th place; English: 266th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

artofproblemsolving.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

bipm.org (Global: 1,781st place; English: 2,481st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 62nd place; English: 100th place)

eur-lex.europa.eu

google.com (Global: 109th place; English: 87th place)

nist.gov (Global: 708th place; English: 742nd place)

ohm-hochschule.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

www2.ohm-hochschule.de

unit-c.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

webdav-noauth.unit-c.fr

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wolfram.com (Global: 1,091st place; English: 1,169th place)

mathworld.wolfram.com

admin.ch (Global: 135^th place; English: 266^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bipm.org (Global: 1,781^st place; English: 2,481^st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wolfram.com (Global: 1,091^st place; English: 1,169^th place)