Hail (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Hail" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

44web.archive.org

1^st place

14doi.org

2^nd place

13harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

11noaa.gov

212^th place

172^nd place

5worldcat.org

5^th place

4books.google.com

3^rd place

4ucar.edu

7,843^rd place

5,892^nd place

2allenpress.com

4,512^th place

4,202^nd place

2usatoday.com

41^st place

34^th place

2science.org

1,160^th place

737^th place

2colostate.edu

3,616^th place

2,556^th place

2nih.gov

4^th place

1nationalgeographic.org

2,660^th place

2,078^th place

1straightdope.com

2,317^th place

1,763^rd place

1merriam-webster.com

209^th place

191^st place

1ec.gc.ca

6,416^th place

4,792^nd place

1theweatherprediction.com

low place

1skybrary.aero

low place

8,169^th place

1ga.gov.au

5,437^th place

4,532^nd place

1cocorahs.org

low place

1sciencedirect.com

149^th place

178^th place

1researchgate.net

120^th place

125^th place

1ne.gov

low place

1torro.org.uk

low place

1faa.gov

1,009^th place

607^th place

1asu.edu

2,187^th place

1,500^th place

1nationalgeographic.com

344^th place

296^th place

1top5.com

low place

1archive.org

6^th place

1adjustersinternational.com

low place

1europa.eu

68^th place

117^th place

1aviationweather.ws

low place

1telegraph.co.uk

30^th place

24^th place

1inria.fr

4,903^rd place

3,679^th place

1thesudburystar.com

low place

1weatherwise.org

low place

1semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

1coloradodaily.com

low place

1denverpost.com

770^th place

472^nd place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

1colorado.edu

2,526^th place

1,796^th place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

adjustersinternational.com

"Hail Damage to Roofs". adjustersinternational.com. Adjusting Today. Archived from the original on 2015-10-16. Retrieved 2009-12-11.

allenpress.com

amsglossary.allenpress.com

"Hail". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-07-25. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
"Hailstorm". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2009-08-29.

archive.org

Glenday, Craig (2013). Guinness World Records 2014. Guinness World Records Limited. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-908843-15-9.

asu.edu

wmo.asu.edu

"World: Heaviest Hailstone". wmo.asu.edu. ASU World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 2015-06-29. Retrieved 2016-07-23.

aviationweather.ws

"Hazards". aviationweather.ws. Federal Aviation Administration. 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-03-25. Retrieved 2009-08-29.

books.google.com

Rauber, Robert M.; Walsh, John E.; Charlevoix, Donna Jean (2012). Severe & Hazardous Weather. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7575-9772-5.
Downing, Thomas E.; Olsthoorn, Alexander A.; Tol, Richard S. J. (1999). Climate, change and risk. Routledge. pp. 41–43. ISBN 978-0-415-17031-4. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
Oliver, John E. (2005). Encyclopedia of World Climatology. Springer. p. 401. ISBN 978-1-4020-3264-6. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
Coppola, Damon P. (2007). Introduction to international disaster management. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-7506-7982-4.

cocorahs.org

Doesken, Nolan J. (April 1994). "Hail, Hail, Hail ! The Summertime Hazard of Eastern Colorado" (PDF). Colorado Climate. 17 (7). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-25. Retrieved 2009-07-18.

colorado.edu

clouds.colorado.edu

"Deep Hail Project – Report your hail depth!!". University of Colorado Boulder. Archived from the original on 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2016-06-14.

coloradodaily.com

Rubino, Joe (2010-07-29). "Boulder County cleans up Nederland-area roadways after foot-deep hailstorm". Colorado Daily. Archived from the original on 2015-06-10. Retrieved 2014-12-20.

colostate.edu

chill.colostate.edu

"Hail Signature Development". CHILL National Radar Facility, Colorado State University. 2007-08-22. Archived from the original on 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
"Hydrometeor classification example". CHILL National Radar Facility, Colorado State University. 2008-08-25. Archived from the original on 2010-06-24. Retrieved 2009-08-28.

denverpost.com

Mitchell, Kirk (5 June 2015). "One Denver block buried under up to 4 feet of hail". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.

doi.org

Nelson, Stephan P. (August 1983). "The Influence of Storm Flow Struce on Hail Growth". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 40 (8): 1965–1983. Bibcode:1983JAtS...40.1965N. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1965:TIOSFS>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0469.
Gallagher, Frank W. III (October 2000). "Distant Green Thunderstorms – Frazer's Theory Revisited". Journal of Applied Meteorology. 39 (10). American Meteorological Society: 1754. Bibcode:2000JApMe..39.1754G. doi:10.1175/1520-0450-39.10.1754.
Brimelow, Julian C.; Reuter, Gerhard W.; Poolman, Eugene R. (2002). "Modeling Maximum Hail Size in Alberta Thunderstorms". Weather and Forecasting. 17 (5): 1048–1062. Bibcode:2002WtFor..17.1048B. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<1048:MMHSIA>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0434.
Hand, W. H.; Cappelluti, G. (January 2011). "A global hail climatology using the UK Met Office convection diagnosis procedure (CDP) and model analyses". Meteorological Applications. 18 (4). Wiley: 446. Bibcode:2011MeApp..18..446H. doi:10.1002/met.236.
Liu, Dongxia; Feng, Guili; Wu, Shujun (February 2009). "The characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning activity in hailstorms over northern China". Atmospheric Research. 91 (2–4): 459–465. Bibcode:2009AtmRe..91..459L. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.06.016.
Laviola, Sante; Monte, Giulio; Cattani, Elsa; Levizzani, Vincenzo (September 2022). "Hail Climatology in the Mediterranean Basin Using the GPM Constellation (1999–2021)". Remote Sensing. 14 (17): 4320. Bibcode:2022RemS...14.4320L. doi:10.3390/rs14174320. ISSN 2072-4292.
Počakal, Damir; Večenaj, Željko; Štalec, Janez (July 2009). "Hail characteristics of different regions in continental part of Croatia based on influence of orography". Atmospheric Research. 93 (1–3): 516. Bibcode:2009AtmRe..93..516P. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.017.
Bruick, Zachary S.; Rasmussen, Kristen L.; Cecil, Daniel J. (2019-11-06). "South American Hailstorm Characteristics and Environments". Monthly Weather Review. 147 (12). American Meteorological Society: 4289–4304. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-19-0011.1. PMC 7241597. PMID 32440028.
Beal, Alexandra; Hallak, Ricardo; Martins, Leila D.; Martins, Jorge A.; Biz, Guilherme; Rudke, Anderson P.; Tarley, Cesar R. T. (2020-04-01). "Climatology of hail in the triple border Paraná, Santa Catarina (Brazil) and Argentina". Atmospheric Research. 234. Bibcode:2020AtmRe.23404747B. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104747. Archived from the original on 2024-04-14. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
Aydin, K.; Seliga, T.A.; Balaji, V. (October 1986). "Remote Sensing of Hail with a Dual Linear Polarization Radar". Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology. 25 (10): 1475–14. Bibcode:1986JApMe..25.1475A. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1475:RSOHWA>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0450.
Bauer-Messmer, Bettina; Waldvogel, Albert (1998-07-25). "Satellite data based detection and prediction of hail". Atmospheric Research. 43 (3): 217. Bibcode:1997AtmRe..43..217B. doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(96)00032-4.
Schlatter, Thomas W.; Doesken, Nolan (September 2010). "Deep Hail: Tracking an Elusive Phenomenon". Weatherwise. 63 (5). Taylor & Francis: 35–41. Bibcode:2010Weawi..63e..35S. doi:10.1080/00431672.2010.503841. ISSN 0043-1672. S2CID 191481064. Retrieved 2015-08-09. ^{[permanent dead link]}
Kalina, E.; et al. (26 October 2015). "Colorado Plowable Hailstorms: Synoptic Weather, Radar and Lightning Characteristics". Weather and Forecasting. 31 (2): 663. Bibcode:2016WtFor..31..663K. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-15-0037.1. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Federer, B.; Waldvogel, A.; Schmid, W.; et al. (1986-07-07). "Main Results of Grossversuch IV". Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology. 25 (7): 917–957. Bibcode:1986JApMe..25..917F. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0917:MROGI>2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 26182470.

ec.gc.ca

"Severe Thunderstorm criteria". ec.gc.ca. Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada. November 3, 2010. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved 2011-05-12.

europa.eu

easa.europa.eu

Field, P.R.; Hand, W.H.; Cappelluti, G.; et al. (November 2010). "Hail Threat Standardisation" (PDF). European Aviation Safety Agency. RP EASA.2008/5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-07.

faa.gov

alaska.faa.gov

"SA-METAR". Alaska Air Flight Service Station, Federal Aviation Administration. 2007-04-10. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-29.

ga.gov.au

"Where does severe weather occur?". Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth of Australia. 2007-09-04. Archived from the original on 2009-06-21. Retrieved 2009-08-28.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Nelson, Stephan P. (August 1983). "The Influence of Storm Flow Struce on Hail Growth". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 40 (8): 1965–1983. Bibcode:1983JAtS...40.1965N. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1965:TIOSFS>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0469.
Gallagher, Frank W. III (October 2000). "Distant Green Thunderstorms – Frazer's Theory Revisited". Journal of Applied Meteorology. 39 (10). American Meteorological Society: 1754. Bibcode:2000JApMe..39.1754G. doi:10.1175/1520-0450-39.10.1754.
Brimelow, Julian C.; Reuter, Gerhard W.; Poolman, Eugene R. (2002). "Modeling Maximum Hail Size in Alberta Thunderstorms". Weather and Forecasting. 17 (5): 1048–1062. Bibcode:2002WtFor..17.1048B. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<1048:MMHSIA>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0434.
Hand, W. H.; Cappelluti, G. (January 2011). "A global hail climatology using the UK Met Office convection diagnosis procedure (CDP) and model analyses". Meteorological Applications. 18 (4). Wiley: 446. Bibcode:2011MeApp..18..446H. doi:10.1002/met.236.
Liu, Dongxia; Feng, Guili; Wu, Shujun (February 2009). "The characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning activity in hailstorms over northern China". Atmospheric Research. 91 (2–4): 459–465. Bibcode:2009AtmRe..91..459L. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.06.016.
Laviola, Sante; Monte, Giulio; Cattani, Elsa; Levizzani, Vincenzo (September 2022). "Hail Climatology in the Mediterranean Basin Using the GPM Constellation (1999–2021)". Remote Sensing. 14 (17): 4320. Bibcode:2022RemS...14.4320L. doi:10.3390/rs14174320. ISSN 2072-4292.
Počakal, Damir; Večenaj, Željko; Štalec, Janez (July 2009). "Hail characteristics of different regions in continental part of Croatia based on influence of orography". Atmospheric Research. 93 (1–3): 516. Bibcode:2009AtmRe..93..516P. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.10.017.
Beal, Alexandra; Hallak, Ricardo; Martins, Leila D.; Martins, Jorge A.; Biz, Guilherme; Rudke, Anderson P.; Tarley, Cesar R. T. (2020-04-01). "Climatology of hail in the triple border Paraná, Santa Catarina (Brazil) and Argentina". Atmospheric Research. 234. Bibcode:2020AtmRe.23404747B. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104747. Archived from the original on 2024-04-14. Retrieved 2024-06-28.
Aydin, K.; Seliga, T.A.; Balaji, V. (October 1986). "Remote Sensing of Hail with a Dual Linear Polarization Radar". Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology. 25 (10): 1475–14. Bibcode:1986JApMe..25.1475A. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1475:RSOHWA>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0450.
Bauer-Messmer, Bettina; Waldvogel, Albert (1998-07-25). "Satellite data based detection and prediction of hail". Atmospheric Research. 43 (3): 217. Bibcode:1997AtmRe..43..217B. doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(96)00032-4.
Schlatter, Thomas W.; Doesken, Nolan (September 2010). "Deep Hail: Tracking an Elusive Phenomenon". Weatherwise. 63 (5). Taylor & Francis: 35–41. Bibcode:2010Weawi..63e..35S. doi:10.1080/00431672.2010.503841. ISSN 0043-1672. S2CID 191481064. Retrieved 2015-08-09. ^{[permanent dead link]}
Kalina, E.; et al. (26 October 2015). "Colorado Plowable Hailstorms: Synoptic Weather, Radar and Lightning Characteristics". Weather and Forecasting. 31 (2): 663. Bibcode:2016WtFor..31..663K. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-15-0037.1. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
Federer, B.; Waldvogel, A.; Schmid, W.; et al. (1986-07-07). "Main Results of Grossversuch IV". Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology. 25 (7): 917–957. Bibcode:1986JApMe..25..917F. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0917:MROGI>2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 26182470.

inria.fr

www-roc.inria.fr

Peters, Albert J. (2003-03-03). "Crop Hail Damage Assessment" (PDF). inria.fr. Institut National De Recherche En Informatique Et En Automatique. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2009-08-28.

jstor.org

Federer, B.; Waldvogel, A.; Schmid, W.; et al. (1986-07-07). "Main Results of Grossversuch IV". Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology. 25 (7): 917–957. Bibcode:1986JApMe..25..917F. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0917:MROGI>2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 26182470.

merriam-webster.com

"hailstone". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-01-23.

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

"Largest Hailstone in U.S. History Found". nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2010-04-20. Retrieved 2010-08-20.

nationalgeographic.org

"hail". nationalgeographic.org. National Geographic Society. 21 January 2011. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.

ne.gov

dnrdata.dnr.ne.gov

"NeRAIN Data Site-Measuring Hail". Nebraska Rainfall Assessment Information Network, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources. 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-03-02. Retrieved 2009-08-29.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bruick, Zachary S.; Rasmussen, Kristen L.; Cecil, Daniel J. (2019-11-06). "South American Hailstorm Characteristics and Environments". Monthly Weather Review. 147 (12). American Meteorological Society: 4289–4304. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-19-0011.1. PMC 7241597. PMID 32440028.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bruick, Zachary S.; Rasmussen, Kristen L.; Cecil, Daniel J. (2019-11-06). "South American Hailstorm Characteristics and Environments". Monthly Weather Review. 147 (12). American Meteorological Society: 4289–4304. doi:10.1175/MWR-D-19-0011.1. PMC 7241597. PMID 32440028.

noaa.gov

nssl.noaa.gov

"Hail Basics". NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2023-10-11. Retrieved 2024-04-14. Hailstones can have layers of clear and cloudy ice if the hailstone encounters different temperature and liquid water content conditions in the thunderstorm. The conditions experienced by the hailstone can change as it passes horizontally across or near an updraft.
"Hail Basics". National Severe Storms Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2006-11-15. Archived from the original on 2009-05-06. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
"Hail Climatology". National Severe Storms Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2006-10-09. Archived from the original on 2009-06-13. Retrieved 2009-08-29.

srh.noaa.gov

"NEW 1 Inch Hail Criteria". noaa.gov. US: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. January 4, 2010. Archived from the original on September 7, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
Roeseler, Charles A.; Wood, Lance (2006-02-02). "VIL density and Associated Hail Size Along the Northwest Gulf Coast". National Weather Service Southern Region Headquarters. Archived from the original on August 18, 2007. Retrieved 2009-08-28.

photolib.noaa.gov

"Aggregate hailstone". National Severe Storms Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007-04-23. Archived from the original on 2009-08-10. Retrieved 2009-07-15.

spc.noaa.gov

Jewell, Ryan; Brimelow, Julian (2004-08-17). "P9.5 Evaluation of an Alberta Hail Growth Model Using Severe Hail Proximity Soundings in the United States" (PDF). spc.noaa.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2009-07-15.

erh.noaa.gov

"Hail..." Columbia, South Carolina: National Weather Service Forecast Office. 2009-01-27. Archived from the original on 2009-04-12. Retrieved 2009-08-28.

nws.noaa.gov

National Weather Service (July 26, 2021). "National Weather Service Instruction 10 - 1605" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2023.

wrh.noaa.gov

"Appendix I – Weather Extremes" (PDF). San Diego, California: National Weather Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 2010-06-01.

crh.noaa.gov

"Record Setting Hail Event in Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010". Aberdeen, South Dakota: National Weather Service. 30 July 2010. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-03.

researchgate.net

"Climatology of destructive hailstorms in Brazil". 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2024-06-28.

science.org

"More damaging than tornadoes, hail may finally get the scientific attention it deserves". www.science.org. Retrieved 2025-02-26.
"More damaging than tornadoes, hail may finally get the scientific attention it deserves". www.science.org. Retrieved 2025-02-26.

sciencedirect.com

Beal, Alexandra; Hallak, Ricardo; Martins, Leila D.; Martins, Jorge A.; Biz, Guilherme; Rudke, Anderson P.; Tarley, Cesar R. T. (2020-04-01). "Climatology of hail in the triple border Paraná, Santa Catarina (Brazil) and Argentina". Atmospheric Research. 234. Bibcode:2020AtmRe.23404747B. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104747. Archived from the original on 2024-04-14. Retrieved 2024-06-28.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Schlatter, Thomas W.; Doesken, Nolan (September 2010). "Deep Hail: Tracking an Elusive Phenomenon". Weatherwise. 63 (5). Taylor & Francis: 35–41. Bibcode:2010Weawi..63e..35S. doi:10.1080/00431672.2010.503841. ISSN 0043-1672. S2CID 191481064. Retrieved 2015-08-09. ^{[permanent dead link]}

skybrary.aero

"Flight Briefing Notes: Adverse Weather Operations Optimum Use of Weather Radar" (PDF). SKYbrary.aero. Airbus. 2007-03-14. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2009-11-19.

straightdope.com

"What's the difference between hail, sleet, and freezing rain?". The Straight Dope. 1999-08-06. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2016-07-23.

telegraph.co.uk

Orr, David (2004-11-07). "Giant hail killed more than 200 in Himalayas". Telegraph Group Unlimited via the Internet Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2005-12-03. Retrieved 2009-08-28.

thesudburystar.com

Carmichael, Harold (2009-06-15). "Sudbury lashed by freak storm; hail pummels downtown core". Sudbury Star. Sun Media. Archived from the original on 2009-06-16. Retrieved 2009-08-28.

theweatherprediction.com

"Forecasting Hail". theweatherprediction.com. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2018-08-08.

top5.com

"What Places in the World Usually Have the Most Hail in One Year?". 2013-04-12. Archived from the original on 2017-10-17. Retrieved 2017-10-16.

torro.org.uk

"Hail Scale". torro.org.uk. The TORnado Storm Research Organization. 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-04-22. Retrieved 2009-08-28.

ucar.edu

Marshall, Jacque (2000-04-10). "Hail Fact Sheet". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
Munoz, Rene (2000-06-02). "Fact Sheet on Hail". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-07-18.

ncar.ucar.edu

"Hail". ncar.ucar.edu. National Center for Atmospheric Research, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2009-07-18.

meted.ucar.edu

Wolf, Pete (2003-01-16). "Meso-Analyst Severe Weather Guide". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 2003-03-20. Retrieved 2009-07-16.

usatoday.com

Rice, Doyle. "Perplexing chunks of ice sometimes fall from the sky. Scientists want to learn more". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2025-02-26.
Rice, Doyle. "Perplexing chunks of ice sometimes fall from the sky. Scientists want to learn more". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2025-02-26.

weatherwise.org

Schlatter, Thomas W.; Doesken, Nolan (September 2010). "Deep Hail: Tracking an Elusive Phenomenon". Weatherwise. 63 (5). Taylor & Francis: 35–41. Bibcode:2010Weawi..63e..35S. doi:10.1080/00431672.2010.503841. ISSN 0043-1672. S2CID 191481064. Retrieved 2015-08-09. ^{[permanent dead link]}

web.archive.org

"hail". nationalgeographic.org. National Geographic Society. 21 January 2011. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
"What's the difference between hail, sleet, and freezing rain?". The Straight Dope. 1999-08-06. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
"hailstone". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
"Hail". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-07-25. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
"Hailstorm". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
"Aggregate hailstone". National Severe Storms Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007-04-23. Archived from the original on 2009-08-10. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
"Hail Basics". NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2023-10-11. Retrieved 2024-04-14. Hailstones can have layers of clear and cloudy ice if the hailstone encounters different temperature and liquid water content conditions in the thunderstorm. The conditions experienced by the hailstone can change as it passes horizontally across or near an updraft.
Jewell, Ryan; Brimelow, Julian (2004-08-17). "P9.5 Evaluation of an Alberta Hail Growth Model Using Severe Hail Proximity Soundings in the United States" (PDF). spc.noaa.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-05-07. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
"Severe Thunderstorm criteria". ec.gc.ca. Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada. November 3, 2010. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
"NEW 1 Inch Hail Criteria". noaa.gov. US: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. January 4, 2010. Archived from the original on September 7, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
"Hail..." Columbia, South Carolina: National Weather Service Forecast Office. 2009-01-27. Archived from the original on 2009-04-12. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
"Forecasting Hail". theweatherprediction.com. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
"Hail". ncar.ucar.edu. National Center for Atmospheric Research, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
Marshall, Jacque (2000-04-10). "Hail Fact Sheet". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-07-15.
Wolf, Pete (2003-01-16). "Meso-Analyst Severe Weather Guide". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 2003-03-20. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
"Flight Briefing Notes: Adverse Weather Operations Optimum Use of Weather Radar" (PDF). SKYbrary.aero. Airbus. 2007-03-14. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
"Where does severe weather occur?". Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth of Australia. 2007-09-04. Archived from the original on 2009-06-21. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
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