Halogen (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Halogen" in English language version.

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11doi.org

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7harvard.edu

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bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

"Chemical properties of the halogens - Group 17 - the halogens - Edexcel - GCSE Combined Science Revision - Edexcel". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 2022-03-21.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

The word "halogen" appeared in English as early as 1832 (or earlier). See, for example: Berzelius, J.J. with A.D. Bache, trans., (1832) "An essay on chemical nomenclature, prefixed to the treatise on chemistry," The American Journal of Science and Arts, 22: 248–276 ; see, for example p. 263.
Saxena, P. B (2007). Chemistry Of Interhalogen Compounds. Discovery Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-8356-243-0. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
Gribble, G. W (2009). Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds - A Comprehensive Update. Springer. ISBN 978-3-211-99322-4. Retrieved April 23, 2022.

bromaid.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Properties of bromine". bromaid.org. Archived from the original on December 8, 2007.

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

cdc.gov

"Hydrogen chloride". Retrieved February 24, 2013.
"Hydrogen bromide". Retrieved February 24, 2013.
"CDC Statement on the 2006 National Research Council (NRC) Report on Fluoride in Drinking Water". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 10, 2013. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2013.

bt.cdc.gov

"Facts about hydrogen fluoride". 2005. Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2017-10-28.

chemguide.co.uk (Global: 9,416^th place; English: 8,275^th place)

Jim Clark (2011). "Assorted reactions of the halogens". Retrieved February 27, 2013.
Jim Clark (2002). "THE ACIDITY OF THE HYDROGEN HALIDES". Retrieved February 24, 2013.
"The Oxidising Ability of the Group 7 Elements". Chemguide.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-12-29.

dictionary.com (Global: 794^th place; English: 588^th place)

"Halogen". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Oganessian, Yu.Ts.; Abdullin, F.Sh.; Bailey, P.D.; Benker, D.E.; Bennett, M.E.; Dmitriev, S.N.; et al. (2010). "Synthesis of a new element with atomic number $Z$ = 117". Physical Review Letters. 104 (14): 142502. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104n2502O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502. PMID 20481935. S2CID 3263480.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Snelders, H. A. M. (1971). "J. S. C. Schweigger: His Romanticism and His Crystal Electrical Theory of Matter". Isis. 62 (3): 328–338. doi:10.1086/350763. JSTOR 229946. S2CID 170337569.
Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997, p. 804. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2011). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 83 (2): 359–396. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. S2CID 95898322. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
Slater, J. C. (1964). "Atomic Radii in Crystals". Journal of Chemical Physics. 41 (10): 3199–3205. Bibcode:1964JChPh..41.3199S. doi:10.1063/1.1725697.
Bonchev, Danail; Kamenska, Verginia (1981). "Predicting the properties of the 113–120 transactinide elements". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 85 (9): 1177–86. doi:10.1021/j150609a021.
Rothe, S.; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.; Borschevsky, A.; Capponi, L.; Cocolios, T. E.; De Witte, H.; Eliav, E.; et al. (2013). "Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Astatine by Laser Ionization Spectroscopy". Nature Communications. 4: 1–6. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1835R. doi:10.1038/ncomms2819. PMC 3674244. PMID 23673620.
Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (2011). Morss, Lester R; Edelstein, Norman M; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. Bibcode:2011tcot.book.....M. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0211-0. ISBN 978-94-007-0210-3.
Bergeron, D. E.; Castleman, A. Welford; Morisato, Tsuguo; Khanna, Shiv N. (2004). "Formation of Al₁₃I⁻: Evidence for the Superhalogen Character of Al₁₃". Science. 304 (5667): 84–7. Bibcode:2004Sci...304...84B. doi:10.1126/science.1093902. PMID 15066775. S2CID 26728239.
Giri, Santanab; Behera, Swayamprabha; Jena, Puru (2014). "Superhalogens as Building Blocks of Halogen-Free Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries†". Angewandte Chemie. 126 (50): 14136. Bibcode:2014AngCh.12614136G. doi:10.1002/ange.201408648.
Bergeron, D. E.; Roach, P. J.; Castleman, A. W.; Jones, N. O.; Khanna, S. N. (2005). "Al Cluster Superatoms as Halogens in Polyhalides and as Alkaline Earths in Iodide Salts". Science. 307 (5707): 231–5. Bibcode:2005Sci...307..231B. doi:10.1126/science.1105820. PMID 15653497. S2CID 8003390.

edisontechcenter.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Halogen Lamp". Edison Tech Center. Retrieved 2014-09-05.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Oganessian, Yu.Ts.; Abdullin, F.Sh.; Bailey, P.D.; Benker, D.E.; Bennett, M.E.; Dmitriev, S.N.; et al. (2010). "Synthesis of a new element with atomic number $Z$ = 117". Physical Review Letters. 104 (14): 142502. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104n2502O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502. PMID 20481935. S2CID 3263480.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Slater, J. C. (1964). "Atomic Radii in Crystals". Journal of Chemical Physics. 41 (10): 3199–3205. Bibcode:1964JChPh..41.3199S. doi:10.1063/1.1725697.
Rothe, S.; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.; Borschevsky, A.; Capponi, L.; Cocolios, T. E.; De Witte, H.; Eliav, E.; et al. (2013). "Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Astatine by Laser Ionization Spectroscopy". Nature Communications. 4: 1–6. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1835R. doi:10.1038/ncomms2819. PMC 3674244. PMID 23673620.
Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (2011). Morss, Lester R; Edelstein, Norman M; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. Bibcode:2011tcot.book.....M. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0211-0. ISBN 978-94-007-0210-3.
Bergeron, D. E.; Castleman, A. Welford; Morisato, Tsuguo; Khanna, Shiv N. (2004). "Formation of Al₁₃I⁻: Evidence for the Superhalogen Character of Al₁₃". Science. 304 (5667): 84–7. Bibcode:2004Sci...304...84B. doi:10.1126/science.1093902. PMID 15066775. S2CID 26728239.
Giri, Santanab; Behera, Swayamprabha; Jena, Puru (2014). "Superhalogens as Building Blocks of Halogen-Free Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries†". Angewandte Chemie. 126 (50): 14136. Bibcode:2014AngCh.12614136G. doi:10.1002/ange.201408648.
Bergeron, D. E.; Roach, P. J.; Castleman, A. W.; Jones, N. O.; Khanna, S. N. (2005). "Al Cluster Superatoms as Halogens in Polyhalides and as Alkaline Earths in Iodide Salts". Science. 307 (5707): 231–5. Bibcode:2005Sci...307..231B. doi:10.1126/science.1105820. PMID 15653497. S2CID 8003390.

hathitrust.org (Global: 441^st place; English: 311^th place)

babel.hathitrust.org

Schweigger, J.S.C. (1811). "Nachschreiben des Herausgebers, die neue Nomenclatur betreffend" [Postscript of the editor concerning the new nomenclature]. Journal für Chemie und Physik (in German). 3 (2): 249–255. On p. 251, Schweigger proposed the word "halogen": "Man sage dafür lieber mit richter Wortbildung Halogen (da schon in der Mineralogie durch Werner's Halit-Geschlecht dieses Wort nicht fremd ist) von αλς Salz und dem alten γενειν (dorisch γενεν) zeugen." (One should say instead, with proper morphology, "halogen" (this word is not strange since [it's] already in mineralogy via Werner's "halite" species) from αλς [als] "salt" and the old γενειν [genein] (Doric γενεν) "to beget".)
In 1826, Berzelius coined the terms Saltbildare (salt-formers) and Corpora Halogenia (salt-making substances) for the elements chlorine, iodine, and fluorine. See: Berzelius, Jacob (1826). "Årsberättelser om Framstegen i Physik och Chemie" [Annual Report on Progress in Physics and Chemistry]. Arsb. Vetensk. Framsteg (in Swedish). 6. Stockholm, Sweden: P.A. Norstedt & Söner: 187. From p. 187: "De förre af dessa, d. ä. de electronegativa, dela sig i tre klasser: 1) den första innehåller kroppar, som förenade med de electropositiva, omedelbart frambringa salter, hvilka jag derför kallar Saltbildare (Corpora Halogenia). Desse utgöras af chlor, iod och fluor *)." (The first of them [i.e., elements], the electronegative [ones], are divided into three classes: 1) The first includes substances which, [when] united with electropositive [elements], immediately produce salts, and which I therefore name "salt-formers" (salt-producing substances). These are chlorine, iodine, and fluorine *).)

hazard.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Iodine MSDS". Hazard.com. 1998-04-21. Retrieved 2011-12-29.

iupac.org (Global: 538^th place; English: 863^rd place)

Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2011). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 83 (2): 359–396. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. S2CID 95898322. Retrieved 5 December 2012.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Snelders, H. A. M. (1971). "J. S. C. Schweigger: His Romanticism and His Crystal Electrical Theory of Matter". Isis. 62 (3): 328–338. doi:10.1086/350763. JSTOR 229946. S2CID 170337569.

kumed.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Poison Facts:Low Chemicals: Hydrogen Iodid". Retrieved 2015-04-12.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

"Halogen". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Oganessian, Yu.Ts.; Abdullin, F.Sh.; Bailey, P.D.; Benker, D.E.; Bennett, M.E.; Dmitriev, S.N.; et al. (2010). "Synthesis of a new element with atomic number $Z$ = 117". Physical Review Letters. 104 (14): 142502. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104n2502O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502. PMID 20481935. S2CID 3263480.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Rothe, S.; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.; Borschevsky, A.; Capponi, L.; Cocolios, T. E.; De Witte, H.; Eliav, E.; et al. (2013). "Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Astatine by Laser Ionization Spectroscopy". Nature Communications. 4: 1–6. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1835R. doi:10.1038/ncomms2819. PMC 3674244. PMID 23673620.
Bergeron, D. E.; Castleman, A. Welford; Morisato, Tsuguo; Khanna, Shiv N. (2004). "Formation of Al₁₃I⁻: Evidence for the Superhalogen Character of Al₁₃". Science. 304 (5667): 84–7. Bibcode:2004Sci...304...84B. doi:10.1126/science.1093902. PMID 15066775. S2CID 26728239.
Bergeron, D. E.; Roach, P. J.; Castleman, A. W.; Jones, N. O.; Khanna, S. N. (2005). "Al Cluster Superatoms as Halogens in Polyhalides and as Alkaline Earths in Iodide Salts". Science. 307 (5707): 231–5. Bibcode:2005Sci...307..231B. doi:10.1126/science.1105820. PMID 15653497. S2CID 8003390.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rothe, S.; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.; Borschevsky, A.; Capponi, L.; Cocolios, T. E.; De Witte, H.; Eliav, E.; et al. (2013). "Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Astatine by Laser Ionization Spectroscopy". Nature Communications. 4: 1–6. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1835R. doi:10.1038/ncomms2819. PMC 3674244. PMID 23673620.

nist.gov (Global: 355^th place; English: 454^th place)

physics.nist.gov

"Standard Uncertainty and Relative Standard Uncertainty". CODATA reference. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 26 September 2011.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Fricke, Burkhard [2007.12.??] Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties PDF | "Element 117" | www.researchgate.net | Retrieved - 2023.08.13 (20:58:??) -- yyyy.mm.dd (hh:mm:ss)
Rothe, S.; Andreyev, A. N.; Antalic, S.; Borschevsky, A.; Capponi, L.; Cocolios, T. E.; De Witte, H.; Eliav, E.; et al. (2013). "Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Astatine by Laser Ionization Spectroscopy". Nature Communications. 4: 1–6. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1835R. doi:10.1038/ncomms2819. PMC 3674244. PMID 23673620.

resistoflex.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Solubility of chlorine in water". Resistoflex.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-23. Retrieved 2011-12-29.

rsc.org (Global: 2,020^th place; English: 1,872^nd place)

edu.rsc.org

Toon, Richard (2011-09-01). "The discovery of fluorine". RSC Education. Retrieved 2025-06-20.

rushim.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Краткий справочник физико-химических величин Равделя, Л.: Химия, 1974 г. – 200 стр. \\ стр 67 табл. 24" (PDF).

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Oganessian, Yu.Ts.; Abdullin, F.Sh.; Bailey, P.D.; Benker, D.E.; Bennett, M.E.; Dmitriev, S.N.; et al. (2010). "Synthesis of a new element with atomic number $Z$ = 117". Physical Review Letters. 104 (14): 142502. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104n2502O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502. PMID 20481935. S2CID 3263480.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
Snelders, H. A. M. (1971). "J. S. C. Schweigger: His Romanticism and His Crystal Electrical Theory of Matter". Isis. 62 (3): 328–338. doi:10.1086/350763. JSTOR 229946. S2CID 170337569.
Wieser, Michael E.; Coplen, Tyler B. (2011). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 83 (2): 359–396. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14. S2CID 95898322. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
Bergeron, D. E.; Castleman, A. Welford; Morisato, Tsuguo; Khanna, Shiv N. (2004). "Formation of Al₁₃I⁻: Evidence for the Superhalogen Character of Al₁₃". Science. 304 (5667): 84–7. Bibcode:2004Sci...304...84B. doi:10.1126/science.1093902. PMID 15066775. S2CID 26728239.
Bergeron, D. E.; Roach, P. J.; Castleman, A. W.; Jones, N. O.; Khanna, S. N. (2005). "Al Cluster Superatoms as Halogens in Polyhalides and as Alkaline Earths in Iodide Salts". Science. 307 (5707): 231–5. Bibcode:2005Sci...307..231B. doi:10.1126/science.1105820. PMID 15653497. S2CID 8003390.

thoughtco.com (Global: 1,430^th place; English: 1,166^th place)

"Get Facts About the Element Astatine". www.thoughtco.com. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
"How Much Do You Know About the Element Tennessine?". www.thoughtco.com. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Facts about hydrogen fluoride". 2005. Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
"Solubility of chlorine in water". Resistoflex.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-23. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
"Properties of bromine". bromaid.org. Archived from the original on December 8, 2007.
"CDC Statement on the 2006 National Research Council (NRC) Report on Fluoride in Drinking Water". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 10, 2013. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2013.

webelements.com (Global: 3,527^th place; English: low place)

"WebElements Periodic Table » Tennessine » properties of free atoms". www.webelements.com. Retrieved November 12, 2021.

who.int (Global: 195^th place; English: 302^nd place)

Fawell, J. "Fluoride in Drinking-water" (PDF). World Health Organisation. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
Fawell, J.; Bailey, K.; Chilton, J.; Dahi, E.; Fewtrell, L.; Magara, Y. (2006). "Guidelines and standards" (PDF). Fluoride in Drinking-water. World Health Organization. pp. 37–9. ISBN 978-92-4-156319-2.

Halogen (English Wikipedia)

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