Han dynasty (English Wikipedia)

Cribb (1978), pp. 76–78. Cribb, Joe (1978), "Chinese lead ingots with barbarous Greek inscriptions", Coin Hoards, 4: 76–78, archived from the original on 16 August 2021, retrieved 13 July 2017.

archive.org

See also Ebrey (1999), p. 76; see Needham (1972), Plate V, Fig. 15, for a photo of a Han-era fortress in Dunhuang, Gansu that has rammed earth ramparts with defensive crenellations at the top. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7. Needham, Joseph (1972), Science and Civilization in China: Volume 1, Introductory Orientations, London: Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-05799-8.
Nishijima (1986), pp. 595–596; Bielenstein (1987), p. 14. Nishijima, Sadao (1986), "The economic and social history of Former Han", in Twitchett, Denis; Loewe, Michael (eds.), Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 545–607, ISBN 978-0-521-24327-8. ——— (1987), "Chinese Historical Demography A D. 2 – 1982", Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, 59, Stockholm.
Ebrey (1999), pp. 60–61. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Ebrey (1999), p. 69. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Ebrey (1999), p. 70. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Ebrey (1999), p. 83. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Ebrey (1999), p. 75. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Paludan (1998), p. 41. Paludan, Ann (1998), Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: the Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 978-0-500-05090-3.
Huang (1988), pp. 46–48. Huang, Ray (1988), China: A Macro History, Armonk & London: M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-87332-452-6.
Ebrey (1999), p. 66. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Lewis (2007), p. 23. Lewis, Mark Edward (2007), The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-02477-9.
Ebrey (1999), p. 84. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Ebrey (1999), p. 80. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Ebrey (1999), pp. 77–78. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Huang (1988), p. 57. Huang, Ray (1988), China: A Macro History, Armonk & London: M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-87332-452-6.
Lewis (2007), p. 222. Lewis, Mark Edward (2007), The Early Chinese Empires: Qin and Han, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-02477-9.
Ebrey (1999), pp. 78–79. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Ebrey (1999), pp. 74–75. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Tom (1989), p. 99. Tom, K.S. (1989), Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends, and Lore of the Middle Kingdom, Honolulu: The Hawaii Chinese History Center of the University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-1285-0.
Day & McNeil (1996), p. 122. Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (1996), Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology, New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-06042-4.
Greenberger (2006), p. 12. Greenberger, Robert (2006), The Technology of Ancient China, New York: Rosen Publishing Group, ISBN 978-1-4042-0558-1.
Ebrey (1999), p. 76. ——— (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-66991-7.
Liu (2002), p. 55. Liu, Xujie (2002), "The Qin and Han dynasties", in Steinhardt, Nancy S. (ed.), Chinese Architecture, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 33–60, ISBN 978-0-300-09559-3.
Liu (2002), p. 56. Liu, Xujie (2002), "The Qin and Han dynasties", in Steinhardt, Nancy S. (ed.), Chinese Architecture, New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 33–60, ISBN 978-0-300-09559-3.
Tom (1989), p. 103. Tom, K.S. (1989), Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends, and Lore of the Middle Kingdom, Honolulu: The Hawaii Chinese History Center of the University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-1285-0.
Bowman (2000), p. 595. Bowman, John S. (2000), Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-11004-4.
Teresi (2002), pp. 65–66. Teresi, Dick (2002), Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science–from the Babylonians to the Mayas, New York: Simon and Schuster, ISBN 978-0-684-83718-5.
Deng (2005), p. 67. Deng, Yingke (2005), Ancient Chinese Inventions, translated by Wang Pingxing, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), ISBN 978-7-5085-0837-5.
Balchin (2003), p. 27. Balchin, Jon (2003), Science: 100 Scientists Who Changed the World, New York: Enchanted Lion Books, ISBN 978-1-59270-017-2.
Huang (1988), p. 64. Huang, Ray (1988), China: A Macro History, Armonk & London: M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 978-0-87332-452-6.
Tom (1989), pp. 103–104. Tom, K.S. (1989), Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends, and Lore of the Middle Kingdom, Honolulu: The Hawaii Chinese History Center of the University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-1285-0.
Fairbank & Goldman (1998), p. 93. Fairbank, John K.; Goldman, Merle (1998), China: A New History, Enlarged Edition, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-11673-3.
Block (2003), pp. 93, 123. Block, Leo (2003), To Harness the Wind: A Short History of the Development of Sails, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, ISBN 978-1-55750-209-4.
Greenberger (2006), p. 13. Greenberger, Robert (2006), The Technology of Ancient China, New York: Rosen Publishing Group, ISBN 978-1-4042-0558-1.

atlantis-press.com

Bi (2019). Bi, Zhicheng (2019). "Stone Reliefs of the Han Tombs in Shandong Province: Relationship Between Motifs and Composition" (PDF). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 368: 175–177.

books.google.com

Psarras (2015), p. 19. Psarras, Sophia-Karin (2 February 2015), Han Material Culture: An Archaeological Analysis and Vessel Typology, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-316-27267-1 – via Google Books

chineancienne.fr

Chavannes (1907), p. 185. Chavannes, Édouard (1907), "Les pays d'Occident d'après le Heou Han chou" (PDF), T'oung Pao, 8: 149–244, doi:10.1163/156853207x00111, archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2022.

doi.org

Taagepera (1979), p. 128. Taagepera, Rein (1979), "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.", Social Science History, 3 (3/4): 115–138, doi:10.1017/s014555320002294x, JSTOR 1170959, S2CID 147379141.
Qingbo (2023). Qingbo, Duan (2023). "Sino-Western Cultural Exchange as Seen through the Archaeology of the First Emperor's Necropolis". Journal of Chinese History. 7 (1): 48–49. doi:10.1017/jch.2022.25. ISSN 2059-1632. S2CID 251690411.
Chavannes (1907), p. 185. Chavannes, Édouard (1907), "Les pays d'Occident d'après le Heou Han chou" (PDF), T'oung Pao, 8: 149–244, doi:10.1163/156853207x00111, archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2022.
Ebrey (1974), pp. 173–174. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1974), "Estate and family management in the Later Han as seen in the Monthly Instructions for the Four Classes of People", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 17 (2): 173–205, doi:10.1163/156852074X00110, JSTOR 3596331.
Wang (1949), pp. 141–143. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), pp. 173–177. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), pp. 143–144, 145–146, 177. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), pp. 147–148. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), p. 150. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), p. 151. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), p. 154. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), p. 155. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), pp. 158–160. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Hsu (1965), pp. 367–368. Hsu, Cho-Yun (1965), "The changing relationship between local society and the central political power in Former Han: 206 B.C. – 8 A.D.", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 7 (4): 358–370, doi:10.1017/S0010417500003777, S2CID 146695190.
Hsu (1965), p. 360. Hsu, Cho-Yun (1965), "The changing relationship between local society and the central political power in Former Han: 206 B.C. – 8 A.D.", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 7 (4): 358–370, doi:10.1017/S0010417500003777, S2CID 146695190.
Ebrey (1974), pp. 173 174. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1974), "Estate and family management in the Later Han as seen in the Monthly Instructions for the Four Classes of People", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 17 (2): 173–205, doi:10.1163/156852074X00110, JSTOR 3596331.
Li (1974). Li, Hui-Lin (1974). "An archeological and historical account of cannabis in China". Economic Botany. 28 (4): 437–448. doi:10.1007/BF02862859. JSTOR 4253540. S2CID 19866569.
Bulling (1962), p. 312. Bulling, A. (1962), "A landscape representation of the Western Han period", Artibus Asiae, 25 (4): 293–317, doi:10.2307/3249129, JSTOR 3249129.
Steinhardt (2004), pp. 228–238. Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (2004), "The Tang architectural icon and the politics of Chinese architectural history", The Art Bulletin, 86 (2): 228–254, doi:10.2307/3177416, JSTOR 3177416.
Thorp (1986), pp. 360–378. Thorp, Robert L. (1986), "Architectural principles in early Imperial China: structural problems and their solution", The Art Bulletin, 68 (3): 360–378, doi:10.1080/00043079.1986.10788358, JSTOR 3050972.
Straffin (1998), p. 166. Straffin, Philip D. Jr (1998), "Liu Hui and the first Golden Age of Chinese mathematics", Mathematics Magazine, 71 (3): 163–181, doi:10.1080/0025570x.1998.11996627, JSTOR 2691200.
McClain & Ming (1979), p. 212. McClain, Ernest G.; Ming, Shui Hung (1979), "Chinese cyclic tunings in late antiquity", Ethnomusicology, 23 (2): 205–224, doi:10.2307/851462, JSTOR 851462.
Hsu (1993), pp. 90–93. Hsu, Mei-ling (1993), "The Qin maps: a clue to later Chinese cartographic development", Imago Mundi, 45: 90–100, doi:10.1080/03085699308592766.
Nelson (1974), p. 359. Nelson, Howard (1974), "Chinese maps: an exhibition at the British Library", The China Quarterly, 58: 357–362, doi:10.1017/S0305741000011346, S2CID 154338508.

ghostarchive.org

Chavannes (1907), p. 185. Chavannes, Édouard (1907), "Les pays d'Occident d'après le Heou Han chou" (PDF), T'oung Pao, 8: 149–244, doi:10.1163/156853207x00111, archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2022.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Sun & Kistemaker (1997), pp. 2–3. Sun, Xiaochun; Kistemaker, Jacob (1997), The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society, Leiden, New York, Köln: Koninklijke Brill, Bibcode:1997csdh.book.....S, ISBN 978-90-04-10737-3.
Sun & Kistemaker (1997), pp. 5, 21–23. Sun, Xiaochun; Kistemaker, Jacob (1997), The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society, Leiden, New York, Köln: Koninklijke Brill, Bibcode:1997csdh.book.....S, ISBN 978-90-04-10737-3.
Sun & Kistemaker (1997), p. 62. Sun, Xiaochun; Kistemaker, Jacob (1997), The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society, Leiden, New York, Köln: Koninklijke Brill, Bibcode:1997csdh.book.....S, ISBN 978-90-04-10737-3.
Sun & Kistemaker (1997), pp. 3–4. Sun, Xiaochun; Kistemaker, Jacob (1997), The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society, Leiden, New York, Köln: Koninklijke Brill, Bibcode:1997csdh.book.....S, ISBN 978-90-04-10737-3.

jstor.org

Taagepera (1979), p. 128. Taagepera, Rein (1979), "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.", Social Science History, 3 (3/4): 115–138, doi:10.1017/s014555320002294x, JSTOR 1170959, S2CID 147379141.
Ebrey (1974), pp. 173–174. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1974), "Estate and family management in the Later Han as seen in the Monthly Instructions for the Four Classes of People", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 17 (2): 173–205, doi:10.1163/156852074X00110, JSTOR 3596331.
Wang (1949), pp. 141–143. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), pp. 173–177. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), pp. 143–144, 145–146, 177. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), pp. 147–148. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), p. 150. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), p. 151. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), p. 154. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), p. 155. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Wang (1949), pp. 158–160. Wang, Yu-ch'uan (1949), "An outline of The central government of the Former Han dynasty", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 12 (1/2): 134–187, doi:10.2307/2718206, JSTOR 2718206.
Lewis & Hsieh (2017), pp. 32–39. Lewis, Mark Edward; Hsieh, Mei-yu (2017). "Tianxia and the invention of empire in East Asia". In Wang, Ban (ed.). Chinese Visions of World Order: Tianxia, Culture, and World Politics. Duke University Press. pp. 25–48. ISBN 978-0822372448. JSTOR j.ctv11cw3gv.
Ebrey (1974), pp. 173 174. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1974), "Estate and family management in the Later Han as seen in the Monthly Instructions for the Four Classes of People", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 17 (2): 173–205, doi:10.1163/156852074X00110, JSTOR 3596331.
Li (1974). Li, Hui-Lin (1974). "An archeological and historical account of cannabis in China". Economic Botany. 28 (4): 437–448. doi:10.1007/BF02862859. JSTOR 4253540. S2CID 19866569.
Bulling (1962), p. 312. Bulling, A. (1962), "A landscape representation of the Western Han period", Artibus Asiae, 25 (4): 293–317, doi:10.2307/3249129, JSTOR 3249129.
Steinhardt (2004), pp. 228–238. Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (2004), "The Tang architectural icon and the politics of Chinese architectural history", The Art Bulletin, 86 (2): 228–254, doi:10.2307/3177416, JSTOR 3177416.
Thorp (1986), pp. 360–378. Thorp, Robert L. (1986), "Architectural principles in early Imperial China: structural problems and their solution", The Art Bulletin, 68 (3): 360–378, doi:10.1080/00043079.1986.10788358, JSTOR 3050972.
Straffin (1998), p. 166. Straffin, Philip D. Jr (1998), "Liu Hui and the first Golden Age of Chinese mathematics", Mathematics Magazine, 71 (3): 163–181, doi:10.1080/0025570x.1998.11996627, JSTOR 2691200.
McClain & Ming (1979), p. 212. McClain, Ernest G.; Ming, Shui Hung (1979), "Chinese cyclic tunings in late antiquity", Ethnomusicology, 23 (2): 205–224, doi:10.2307/851462, JSTOR 851462.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Taagepera (1979), p. 128. Taagepera, Rein (1979), "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.", Social Science History, 3 (3/4): 115–138, doi:10.1017/s014555320002294x, JSTOR 1170959, S2CID 147379141.
Qingbo (2023). Qingbo, Duan (2023). "Sino-Western Cultural Exchange as Seen through the Archaeology of the First Emperor's Necropolis". Journal of Chinese History. 7 (1): 48–49. doi:10.1017/jch.2022.25. ISSN 2059-1632. S2CID 251690411.
Hsu (1965), pp. 367–368. Hsu, Cho-Yun (1965), "The changing relationship between local society and the central political power in Former Han: 206 B.C. – 8 A.D.", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 7 (4): 358–370, doi:10.1017/S0010417500003777, S2CID 146695190.
Hsu (1965), p. 360. Hsu, Cho-Yun (1965), "The changing relationship between local society and the central political power in Former Han: 206 B.C. – 8 A.D.", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 7 (4): 358–370, doi:10.1017/S0010417500003777, S2CID 146695190.
Li (1974). Li, Hui-Lin (1974). "An archeological and historical account of cannabis in China". Economic Botany. 28 (4): 437–448. doi:10.1007/BF02862859. JSTOR 4253540. S2CID 19866569.
Nelson (1974), p. 359. Nelson, Howard (1974), "Chinese maps: an exhibition at the British Library", The China Quarterly, 58: 357–362, doi:10.1017/S0305741000011346, S2CID 154338508.

web.archive.org

Cribb (1978), pp. 76–78. Cribb, Joe (1978), "Chinese lead ingots with barbarous Greek inscriptions", Coin Hoards, 4: 76–78, archived from the original on 16 August 2021, retrieved 13 July 2017.

wiktionary.org

en.wiktionary.org

UK: /ˈhæn/, US: /ˈhɑːn/;^[4] traditional Chinese: 漢朝; simplified Chinese: 汉朝; pinyin: Hàncháo

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Qingbo (2023). Qingbo, Duan (2023). "Sino-Western Cultural Exchange as Seen through the Archaeology of the First Emperor's Necropolis". Journal of Chinese History. 7 (1): 48–49. doi:10.1017/jch.2022.25. ISSN 2059-1632. S2CID 251690411.