Hawaiian monk seal (English Wikipedia)

Parrish, Frank A (1999). In: Hamilton RW, Pence DF; Kesling DE Assessment; Feasibility of Technical Diving Operations for Scientific Exploration (eds.). Use of Technical Diving to Survey Forage Habitat of the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal. American Academy of Underwater Sciences. Archived from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 387^th place; English: 373^rd place)

Repenning, CA; Ray, CE (1977). "The origin of the Hawaiian monk seal". Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 89: 667–688.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Perrin, William F.; Bernd Wursig; J. G. M. Thewissen (2008). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. p. 741. ISBN 978-0-12-373553-9.

csulb.edu (Global: low place; English: 8,196^th place)

Goodman-Lowe, GD (1998). "Diet of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during 1991 to 1994" (PDF). Marine Biology. 3. 132 (3): 535–46. Bibcode:1998MarBi.132..535G. doi:10.1007/s002270050419. S2CID 84310964. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Boland, R; Donohue, R (2003). "Marine Debris Accumulation in the Nearshore Marine Habitat of the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus Schauinslandi". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 11. 46 (11): 1385–139. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00291-1. PMID 14607537.
Schultz J, J. K.; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B (2009). "Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi)". Journal of Heredity. 1. 100 (1): 25–33. doi:10.1093/jhered/esn077. PMID 18815116.
Schultz, J; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B (2011). "Range-Wide Genetic Connectivity of the Hawaiian Monk Seal and Implications for Translocation". Conservation Biology. 1. 25 (1): 124–132. Bibcode:2011ConBi..25..124S. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01615.x. PMID 21166713. S2CID 25475001.
Goodman-Lowe, GD (1998). "Diet of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during 1991 to 1994" (PDF). Marine Biology. 3. 132 (3): 535–46. Bibcode:1998MarBi.132..535G. doi:10.1007/s002270050419. S2CID 84310964. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
Baker, J; Johanos, Thea C. (2004). "Abundance of the Hawaiian Monk Seal in the Main Hawaiian Islands". Biological Conservation. 1. 116 (1): 103–10. Bibcode:2004BCons.116..103B. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00181-2.
Parrish, FA; Littnan, CL (2008). "Changing perspectives in Hawaiian monk seal research using animal-borne imaging" (PDF). Marine Technology Society Journal. 41 (4): 30–34. doi:10.4031/002533207787441944. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
Bertilsson-Friedman, P (2006). "Distribution and Frequencies of Shark-inflicted Injuries to the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi)". Journal of Zoology. 268 (4): 361–68. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00066.x.
Banish, LD; Gilmartin, WG (1992). "Pathological findings in the Hawaiian monk seal". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 28 (3): 428–434. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-28.3.428. PMID 1512875. S2CID 27886224.
Starfield, AM; Roth JD; Ralls K (1995). "Mobbing in Hawaiian monk seals: the value of simulation modeling in the absence of apparently crucial data". Conserv. Biol. 9 (1): 166–174. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09010166.x. JSTOR 2386398.
Lowry, Lloyd (2011). "Recovery of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi): A Review of Conservation Efforts, 1972 to 2010, and Thoughts for the Future" (PDF). Aquatic Mammals. 37 (3): 397–419. Bibcode:2011AqMam..37..397L. doi:10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.397.
Honnold, Shelley P.; Braun, Robert; Scott, Dana P.; Sreekumar, C.; Dubey, J. P. (2005). "Toxoplasmosis in a Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)". Journal of Parasitology. 91 (3): 695–697. doi:10.1645/ge-469r. PMID 16108571. S2CID 13562317.
Barbieri, MM; Kashinsky, L; Rotstein, DS; Colegrove, KM; Haman, KH; Magargal, SL; Sweeny, AR; Kaufman, AC; Grigg, ME; Littnan, CL (2016). "Protozoal-related mortalities in endangered Hawaiian monk seals Neomonachus schauinslandi". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 121 (2): 85–95. doi:10.3354/dao03047. PMID 27667806. S2CID 24981002.
Gerrodette, Tim; Gilmartin William G (1980). "Demographic consequences of changed pupping and hauling sites of the Hawaiian monk seal". Conservation Biology. 4 (4): 423–430. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00317.x. JSTOR 2385936.
Aguirre, A.; T. Keefe; J. Reif; L. Kashinsky; P. Yochem (2007). "Infectious disease monitoring of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 43 (2): 229–241. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-43.2.229. PMID 17495307.

earthtrust.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hawaiian Monk Seals". earthtrust.org. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

environmentalhealthnews.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dawson, Teresa (December 7, 2010). "A New Threat to Hawaiian Monk Seals: Cat Parasite Carried by Runoff, Sewage — Environmental Health News". Environmental Health News: Front Page. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2011.

foxnews.com (Global: 152^nd place; English: 120^th place)

"Feds: Caribbean Monk Seal Officially Extinct". Fox News. Associated Press. June 9, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

fws.gov (Global: 2,434^th place; English: 1,524^th place)

Hawaiian Monk Seal. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Kenyon, KW; Rice, DW (July 1959). "Life History Of the Hawaiian Monk Seal". Pacific Science. 13. hdl:10125/7958. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Schultz, J; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B (2011). "Range-Wide Genetic Connectivity of the Hawaiian Monk Seal and Implications for Translocation". Conservation Biology. 1. 25 (1): 124–132. Bibcode:2011ConBi..25..124S. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01615.x. PMID 21166713. S2CID 25475001.
Goodman-Lowe, GD (1998). "Diet of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during 1991 to 1994" (PDF). Marine Biology. 3. 132 (3): 535–46. Bibcode:1998MarBi.132..535G. doi:10.1007/s002270050419. S2CID 84310964. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
Baker, J; Johanos, Thea C. (2004). "Abundance of the Hawaiian Monk Seal in the Main Hawaiian Islands". Biological Conservation. 1. 116 (1): 103–10. Bibcode:2004BCons.116..103B. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00181-2.
Lowry, Lloyd (2011). "Recovery of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi): A Review of Conservation Efforts, 1972 to 2010, and Thoughts for the Future" (PDF). Aquatic Mammals. 37 (3): 397–419. Bibcode:2011AqMam..37..397L. doi:10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.397.

hawaii.edu (Global: 1,308^th place; English: 924^th place)

scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu

Kenyon, KW; Rice, DW (July 1959). "Life History Of the Hawaiian Monk Seal". Pacific Science. 13. hdl:10125/7958. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

hawaii.gov (Global: 3,046^th place; English: 2,059^th place)

capitol.hawaii.gov

Hawaii State Legislature. "Haw. Rev. Stat. § 5-12.5 (State mammal)". Retrieved November 7, 2014.

hawaiinewsnow.com (Global: 6,083^rd place; English: 3,638^th place)

Davis, Chelsea (June 29, 2017). "In a rare sight, Hawaiian monk seal and her pup make Waikiki beach home". HawaiiNewsNow. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
Gladden, Tracy (June 12, 2008). "Hawaiian monk seal is the new state mammal". KHNL NBC 8 Honolulu Hawaii. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

hpr2.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Solomon, Molly (January 25, 2017). "Hawaiian Monk Seal Population On The Rise". hpr2.org. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Public Radio. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.

iucnredlist.org (Global: 88^th place; English: 160^th place)

Robinson, Stacie; Barbieri, Michelle (August 1, 2024). "Hawaiian Monk Seal Neomonachus schauinslandi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved October 10, 2025.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Starfield, AM; Roth JD; Ralls K (1995). "Mobbing in Hawaiian monk seals: the value of simulation modeling in the absence of apparently crucial data". Conserv. Biol. 9 (1): 166–174. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09010166.x. JSTOR 2386398.
Gerrodette, Tim; Gilmartin William G (1980). "Demographic consequences of changed pupping and hauling sites of the Hawaiian monk seal". Conservation Biology. 4 (4): 423–430. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00317.x. JSTOR 2385936.

mauimagazine.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wianecki, Shannon. "Rough Water Pups". Maui Magazine. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

mauinews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fisheries Service to hold hearings on monk seals". The Maui News. September 6, 2011.

mmc.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lowry, Lloyd (2011). "Recovery of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi): A Review of Conservation Efforts, 1972 to 2010, and Thoughts for the Future" (PDF). Aquatic Mammals. 37 (3): 397–419. Bibcode:2011AqMam..37..397L. doi:10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.397.

monachus-guardian.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus schauinslandi ". monachus-guardian.org. 2006. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

monksealmania.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Turtle Bay". MonkSealMania.blogspot.com. 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2012.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Boland, R; Donohue, R (2003). "Marine Debris Accumulation in the Nearshore Marine Habitat of the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus Schauinslandi". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 11. 46 (11): 1385–139. doi:10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00291-1. PMID 14607537.
Schultz J, J. K.; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B (2009). "Extremely Low Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi)". Journal of Heredity. 1. 100 (1): 25–33. doi:10.1093/jhered/esn077. PMID 18815116.
Schultz, J; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B (2011). "Range-Wide Genetic Connectivity of the Hawaiian Monk Seal and Implications for Translocation". Conservation Biology. 1. 25 (1): 124–132. Bibcode:2011ConBi..25..124S. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01615.x. PMID 21166713. S2CID 25475001.
Banish, LD; Gilmartin, WG (1992). "Pathological findings in the Hawaiian monk seal". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 28 (3): 428–434. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-28.3.428. PMID 1512875. S2CID 27886224.
Honnold, Shelley P.; Braun, Robert; Scott, Dana P.; Sreekumar, C.; Dubey, J. P. (2005). "Toxoplasmosis in a Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)". Journal of Parasitology. 91 (3): 695–697. doi:10.1645/ge-469r. PMID 16108571. S2CID 13562317.
Barbieri, MM; Kashinsky, L; Rotstein, DS; Colegrove, KM; Haman, KH; Magargal, SL; Sweeny, AR; Kaufman, AC; Grigg, ME; Littnan, CL (2016). "Protozoal-related mortalities in endangered Hawaiian monk seals Neomonachus schauinslandi". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 121 (2): 85–95. doi:10.3354/dao03047. PMID 27667806. S2CID 24981002.
Aguirre, A.; T. Keefe; J. Reif; L. Kashinsky; P. Yochem (2007). "Infectious disease monitoring of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 43 (2): 229–241. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-43.2.229. PMID 17495307.

noaa.gov (Global: 212^th place; English: 172^nd place)

fpir.noaa.gov

"Monk Seal: Population Size and Threats". Pacific Islands Regional Office, NOAA Fisheries, Dept. of Commerce. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
"Historical Timeline of the Hawaiian Monk Seal" (PDF). National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Regional Office. Honolulu, HI, USA. June 29, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
"Hawaiian Monk Seal Recovery Program". NOAA Fisheries Service Protected Resources Division. Retrieved November 24, 2012.

nmfs.noaa.gov

"Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)". NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
"Second Revision of Recovery Plan for the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)" (PDF). Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Honolulu, HI, USA. January 28, 2010 [2007]. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2006. Retrieved November 24, 2012.

pifsc.noaa.gov

Parrish, FA; Littnan, CL (2008). "Changing perspectives in Hawaiian monk seal research using animal-borne imaging" (PDF). Marine Technology Society Journal. 41 (4): 30–34. doi:10.4031/002533207787441944. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
"The Captive Care and Release Research Project Seeks to Aid Recovery of the Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal". NOAA. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

spo.nmfs.noaa.gov

Nitta, Eugene; Henderson JR (1993). "A review of interactions between Hawaii's fisheries and protected species" (PDF). Marine Fisheries Review. 83. 55 (2). Retrieved May 23, 2011.

fisheries.noaa.gov

"Hawaiian Monk Seal". NOAA Fisheries. Retrieved November 26, 2018.

nwf.org (Global: low place; English: 9,019^th place)

"Hawaiian Monk Seal". National Wildlife Federation. Retrieved July 7, 2015.

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

Weber, Gretchen. "A struggle to survive: Environmental threats endanger monk seals". PBS. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

promedmail.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"SEAL DEATHS – USA: (HAWAII) TOXOPLASMOSIS, UPDATE". Salon. August 8, 2019 – via ProMED-mail.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Antonelis, GA; et al. (2006). "Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi): status and conservation issues". Atoll Res Bull. 543: 75–101 (88–89).

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Schultz, J; Baker J; Toonen R; Bowen B (2011). "Range-Wide Genetic Connectivity of the Hawaiian Monk Seal and Implications for Translocation". Conservation Biology. 1. 25 (1): 124–132. Bibcode:2011ConBi..25..124S. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01615.x. PMID 21166713. S2CID 25475001.
Goodman-Lowe, GD (1998). "Diet of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during 1991 to 1994" (PDF). Marine Biology. 3. 132 (3): 535–46. Bibcode:1998MarBi.132..535G. doi:10.1007/s002270050419. S2CID 84310964. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
Banish, LD; Gilmartin, WG (1992). "Pathological findings in the Hawaiian monk seal". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 28 (3): 428–434. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-28.3.428. PMID 1512875. S2CID 27886224.
Honnold, Shelley P.; Braun, Robert; Scott, Dana P.; Sreekumar, C.; Dubey, J. P. (2005). "Toxoplasmosis in a Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)". Journal of Parasitology. 91 (3): 695–697. doi:10.1645/ge-469r. PMID 16108571. S2CID 13562317.
Barbieri, MM; Kashinsky, L; Rotstein, DS; Colegrove, KM; Haman, KH; Magargal, SL; Sweeny, AR; Kaufman, AC; Grigg, ME; Littnan, CL (2016). "Protozoal-related mortalities in endangered Hawaiian monk seals Neomonachus schauinslandi". Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 121 (2): 85–95. doi:10.3354/dao03047. PMID 27667806. S2CID 24981002.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Solomon, Molly (January 25, 2017). "Hawaiian Monk Seal Population On The Rise". hpr2.org. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Public Radio. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
Goodman-Lowe, GD (1998). "Diet of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus Schauinslandi) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during 1991 to 1994" (PDF). Marine Biology. 3. 132 (3): 535–46. Bibcode:1998MarBi.132..535G. doi:10.1007/s002270050419. S2CID 84310964. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
Wianecki, Shannon. "Rough Water Pups". Maui Magazine. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
"Hawaiian Monk Seals". earthtrust.org. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
Dawson, Teresa (December 7, 2010). "A New Threat to Hawaiian Monk Seals: Cat Parasite Carried by Runoff, Sewage — Environmental Health News". Environmental Health News: Front Page. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2011.
"Second Revision of Recovery Plan for the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)" (PDF). Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Honolulu, HI, USA. January 28, 2010 [2007]. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2006. Retrieved November 24, 2012.
Gladden, Tracy (June 12, 2008). "Hawaiian monk seal is the new state mammal". KHNL NBC 8 Honolulu Hawaii. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

zenodo.org (Global: 621^st place; English: 380^th place)

Gerrodette, Tim; Gilmartin William G (1980). "Demographic consequences of changed pupping and hauling sites of the Hawaiian monk seal". Conservation Biology. 4 (4): 423–430. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00317.x. JSTOR 2385936.

Hawaiian monk seal (English Wikipedia)

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