Heavy water (English Wikipedia)

Kampmeyer, Caroline; Johansen, Jens V.; Holmberg, Christian; Karlson, Magnus; Gersing, Sarah K.; Bordallo, Heloisa N.; Kragelund, Birthe B.; Lerche, Mathilde H.; Jourdain, Isabelle; Winther, Jakob R.; Hartmann-Petersen, Rasmus (17 April 2020). "Mutations in a Single Signaling Pathway Allow Cell Growth in Heavy Water". ACS Synthetic Biology. 9 (4): 733–748. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.9b00376. ISSN 2161-5063. PMID 32142608. S2CID 212621576.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Svishchev, I. M.; Kusalik, P. G. (January 1994). "Dynamics in liquid water, water-d2, and water-t2: a comparative simulation study". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 98 (3): 728–733. Bibcode:1994JPhCh..98..728S. doi:10.1021/j100054a002.
Urey, HC; Failla, G (15 March 1935). "Concerning the Taste of Heavy Water". Science. 81 (2098): 273. Bibcode:1935Sci....81..273U. doi:10.1126/science.81.2098.273-a. PMID 17811065.
H. C. Urey; Ferdinand G. Brickwedde; G. M. Murphy (1932). "A Hydrogen Isotope of Mass 2". Physical Review. 39 (1): 164–165. Bibcode:1932PhRv...39..164U. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.39.164.
Lewis, G. N.; MacDonald, R. T. (1933). "Concentration of H2 Isotope". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1 (6): 341. Bibcode:1933JChPh...1..341L. doi:10.1063/1.1749300.
Hevesy, George de; Hofer, Erich (1934). "Elimination of Water from the Human Body". Nature. 134 (3397): 879. Bibcode:1934Natur.134..879H. doi:10.1038/134879a0. S2CID 4108710.
Urey, Harold C. (1935). "Heavy Water". Scientific American. Vol. 152, no. 6. pp. 300–302. Bibcode:1935SciAm.152..300U. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0635-300. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24999142.
Katz, J.; Crespy, H. L. (1972). "Biologically important isotope hybrid compounds in nmr: 1H Fourier transform nmr at unnatural abundance". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 32 (1–4): 221–250. Bibcode:1972PApCh..32..221K. doi:10.1351/pac197232010221. PMID 4343107.
Evans, B. R.; et al. (2015). "Production of deuterated switchgrass by hydroponic cultivation". Planta. 242 (1): 215–222. Bibcode:2015Plant.242..215E. doi:10.1007/s00425-015-2298-0. OSTI 1185899. PMID 25896375. S2CID 18477008.
Bhatia, C. R.; et al. (1968). "Adaptation and growth response of Arabidopsis thaliana to deuterium". Planta. 80 (2): 176–184. Bibcode:1968Plant..80..176B. doi:10.1007/BF00385593. S2CID 19662801.
Vergara, F.; et al. (2018). "Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. elevated tolerance to D₂O: its use for the production of highly deuterated metabolites". Planta. 247 (2): 405–412. Bibcode:2018Plant.247..405V. doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2794-5. PMID 29030693. S2CID 11302702.
Pittendrigh, C. S.; Caldarola, P. C.; Cosbey, E. S. (July 1973). "A Differential Effect of Heavy Water on Temperature-Dependent and Temperature-Compensated Aspects of the Circadian System of Drosophila pseudoobscura". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 70 (7): 2037–2041. Bibcode:1973PNAS...70.2037P. doi:10.1073/pnas.70.7.2037. PMC 433660. PMID 4516204.
Money, K. E.; Myles, W. S. (February 1974). "Heavy water nystagmus and effects of alcohol". Nature. 247 (5440): 404–405. Bibcode:1974Natur.247..404M. doi:10.1038/247404a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 4544739.
Thomson, J. F. (1960). "Physiological Effects of D₂O in Mammals. Deuterium Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 84 (16): 736–744. Bibcode:1960NYASA..84..736T. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb39105.x. PMID 13776654. S2CID 84422613.
Laissue, J. A.; Bally, E.; Joel, D. D.; Slatkin, D. N.; Stoner, R. D. (1983). "Protection of mice from whole-body gamma radiation by deuteration of drinking water". Radiation Research. 96 (1): 59–64. Bibcode:1983RadR...96...59L. doi:10.2307/3576164. JSTOR 3576164. PMID 6226056.
Money, K. E.; Myles, W. S. (February 1974). "Heavy water nystagmus and effects of alcohol". Nature. 247 (5440): 404–405. Bibcode:1974Natur.247..404M. doi:10.1038/247404a0. PMID 4544739. S2CID 4166559.
Yamada, Yosuke; Zhang, Xueying; Henderson, Mary E. T.; Sagayama, Hiroyuki; Pontzer, Herman; Speakman, John R. (2022). "Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors". Science. 378 (6622): 909–915. Bibcode:2022Sci...378..909I. doi:10.1126/science.abm8668. PMC 9764345. PMID 36423296.

ageng2012.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

cigr.ageng2012.org

"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

amazon.com (Global: 159^th place; English: 105^th place)

Davies, Stanley (2023). Is Making Heavy Water Painful? (1 ed.). Stanley M. Davies. pp. 218, 232. ISBN 979-8-3775-9101-6. Retrieved 30 January 2024.

apnews.com (Global: 101^st place; English: 62^nd place)

"Iran says it has transferred 11 tons of heavy water to Oman". AP News. 22 November 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2018.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Waltham, Chris (August 1998). An Early History of Heavy Water (Report). University of British Columbia. arXiv:physics/0206076.
Waltham, Chris (October 2011). "An Early History of Heavy Water". pp. 8–9. arXiv:physics/0206076.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

Westcott, Kathryn (29 April 2013). "Is there really a north-south water taste divide?". BBC News Magazine. Retrieved 12 October 2020.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Kotz, John; Teichel, Paul; Townsend, John (2008). Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Volume 1 (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-495-38711-4. Extract of page 15

ceaa-acee.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bruce Heavy Water Plant Decommissioning Project" (PDF). Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. March 2003. Retrieved 21 February 2018.

columbia.edu (Global: 554^th place; English: 368^th place)

"Harold Clayton Urey (1893–1981)". Columbia University.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Parpart, Arthur K. (December 1935). "The permeability of the mammalian erythrocyte to deuterium oxide (heavy water)". Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology. 7 (2): 153–162. doi:10.1002/jcp.1030070202.
Svishchev, I. M.; Kusalik, P. G. (January 1994). "Dynamics in liquid water, water-d2, and water-t2: a comparative simulation study". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 98 (3): 728–733. Bibcode:1994JPhCh..98..728S. doi:10.1021/j100054a002.
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "heavy water". doi:10.1351/goldbook.H02758
D. J. Kushner; Alison Baker; T. G. Dunstall (1999). "Pharmacological uses and perspectives of heavy water and deuterated compounds". Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 77 (2): 79–88. doi:10.1139/cjpp-77-2-79. PMID 10535697.
Steckel, F.; Szapiro, S. (1963). "Physical properties of heavy oxygen water. Part 1.—Density and thermal expansion". Transactions of the Faraday Society. 59: 331–343. doi:10.1039/TF9635900331.
Urey, HC; Failla, G (15 March 1935). "Concerning the Taste of Heavy Water". Science. 81 (2098): 273. Bibcode:1935Sci....81..273U. doi:10.1126/science.81.2098.273-a. PMID 17811065.
Ben Abu, Natalie; Mason, Philip E. (6 April 2021). "Sweet taste of heavy water". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 440. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01964-y. PMC 8024362. PMID 33824405.
Miller, Inglis J.; Mooser, Gregory (1979). "Taste responses to deuterium oxide". Physiology. 23 (1): 69–74. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(79)90124-0. PMID 515218. S2CID 39474797.
H. C. Urey; Ferdinand G. Brickwedde; G. M. Murphy (1932). "A Hydrogen Isotope of Mass 2". Physical Review. 39 (1): 164–165. Bibcode:1932PhRv...39..164U. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.39.164.
Lewis, G. N.; MacDonald, R. T. (1933). "Concentration of H2 Isotope". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1 (6): 341. Bibcode:1933JChPh...1..341L. doi:10.1063/1.1749300.
Hevesy, George de; Hofer, Erich (1934). "Elimination of Water from the Human Body". Nature. 134 (3397): 879. Bibcode:1934Natur.134..879H. doi:10.1038/134879a0. S2CID 4108710.
Urey, Harold C. (1935). "Heavy Water". Scientific American. Vol. 152, no. 6. pp. 300–302. Bibcode:1935SciAm.152..300U. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0635-300. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24999142.
Katz, J.; Crespy, H. L. (1972). "Biologically important isotope hybrid compounds in nmr: 1H Fourier transform nmr at unnatural abundance". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 32 (1–4): 221–250. Bibcode:1972PApCh..32..221K. doi:10.1351/pac197232010221. PMID 4343107.
Evans, B. R.; et al. (2015). "Production of deuterated switchgrass by hydroponic cultivation". Planta. 242 (1): 215–222. Bibcode:2015Plant.242..215E. doi:10.1007/s00425-015-2298-0. OSTI 1185899. PMID 25896375. S2CID 18477008.
Bhatia, C. R.; et al. (1968). "Adaptation and growth response of Arabidopsis thaliana to deuterium". Planta. 80 (2): 176–184. Bibcode:1968Plant..80..176B. doi:10.1007/BF00385593. S2CID 19662801.
Kutyshenko, V. P.; et al. (2015). "'In-plant' NMR: Analysis of the Intact Plant Vesicularia dubyana by High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy". Molecules. 20 (3): 4359–4368. doi:10.3390/molecules20034359. PMC 6272724. PMID 25759953. S2CID 19662801.
Vergara, F.; et al. (2018). "Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. elevated tolerance to D₂O: its use for the production of highly deuterated metabolites". Planta. 247 (2): 405–412. Bibcode:2018Plant.247..405V. doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2794-5. PMID 29030693. S2CID 11302702.
de Carli, G. J.; et al. (2020). "An animal able to tolerate D₂O". ChemBioChem. 22 (6): 988–991. doi:10.1002/cbic.202000642. PMID 33125805. S2CID 226218470.
Kampmeyer, Caroline; Johansen, Jens V.; Holmberg, Christian; Karlson, Magnus; Gersing, Sarah K.; Bordallo, Heloisa N.; Kragelund, Birthe B.; Lerche, Mathilde H.; Jourdain, Isabelle; Winther, Jakob R.; Hartmann-Petersen, Rasmus (17 April 2020). "Mutations in a Single Signaling Pathway Allow Cell Growth in Heavy Water". ACS Synthetic Biology. 9 (4): 733–748. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.9b00376. ISSN 2161-5063. PMID 32142608. S2CID 212621576.
Li, Xiyan; Snyder, Michael P. (18 February 2016). "Yeast longevity promoted by reversing aging-associated decline in heavy isotope content". npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease. 2 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 16004–. doi:10.1038/npjamd.2016.4. ISSN 2056-3973. PMC 5515009. PMID 28721263.
Pittendrigh, C. S.; Caldarola, P. C.; Cosbey, E. S. (July 1973). "A Differential Effect of Heavy Water on Temperature-Dependent and Temperature-Compensated Aspects of the Circadian System of Drosophila pseudoobscura". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 70 (7): 2037–2041. Bibcode:1973PNAS...70.2037P. doi:10.1073/pnas.70.7.2037. PMC 433660. PMID 4516204.
Money, K. E.; Myles, W. S. (February 1974). "Heavy water nystagmus and effects of alcohol". Nature. 247 (5440): 404–405. Bibcode:1974Natur.247..404M. doi:10.1038/247404a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 4544739.
Kushner, D. J.; Baker, Alison; Dunstall, T. G. (1999). "Pharmacological uses and perspectives of heavy water and deuterated compounds". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 77 (2): 79–88. doi:10.1139/cjpp-77-2-79. PMID 10535697. ... used in boron neutron capture therapy ... D₂O is more toxic to malignant than normal animal cells ... Protozoa are able to withstand up to 70% D₂O. Algae and bacteria can adapt to grow in 100% D₂O
Thomson, J. F. (1960). "Physiological Effects of D₂O in Mammals. Deuterium Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 84 (16): 736–744. Bibcode:1960NYASA..84..736T. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb39105.x. PMID 13776654. S2CID 84422613.
Jandova, J.; Hua, A. B.; Fimbres, J.; Wondrak, G. T. (February 2021). "Deuterium Oxide (D2O) Induces Early Stress Response Gene Expression and Impairs Growth and Metastasis of Experimental Malignant Melanoma". Cancers. 13 (4): 605. doi:10.3390/cancers13040605. PMC 7913703. PMID 33546433.
Laissue, J. A.; Bally, E.; Joel, D. D.; Slatkin, D. N.; Stoner, R. D. (1983). "Protection of mice from whole-body gamma radiation by deuteration of drinking water". Radiation Research. 96 (1): 59–64. Bibcode:1983RadR...96...59L. doi:10.2307/3576164. JSTOR 3576164. PMID 6226056.
Watson, P. E.; et al. (1980). "Total body water volumes for adult males and females estimated from simple anthropometric measurements". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 33 (1): 27–39. doi:10.1093/ajcn/33.1.27. PMID 6986753. S2CID 4442439.
Kleemann, J.; Reichenbach, G.; Zöller, N.; Jäger, M.; Kaufmann, R.; Meissner, M.; Kippenberger, S. (2020). "Heavy Water Affects Vital Parameters of Human Melanoma Cells in vitro". Cancer Management and Research. 12: 1199–1209. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S230985. PMC 7034964. PMID 32110094.
Money, K. E.; Myles, W. S. (February 1974). "Heavy water nystagmus and effects of alcohol". Nature. 247 (5440): 404–405. Bibcode:1974Natur.247..404M. doi:10.1038/247404a0. PMID 4544739. S2CID 4166559.
Milhollin, Gary (1987). "Heavy Water Cheaters". Foreign Policy (69): 100–119. doi:10.2307/1148590. ISSN 0015-7228. JSTOR 1148590.
DAVIDSON, G. D. (1978). "Bruce Heavy Water Plant Performance". Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 68. American Chemical Society. pp. 27–39. doi:10.1021/bk-1978-0068.ch002. ISBN 978-0-8412-0420-1.
Yamada, Yosuke; Zhang, Xueying; Henderson, Mary E. T.; Sagayama, Hiroyuki; Pontzer, Herman; Speakman, John R. (2022). "Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors". Science. 378 (6622): 909–915. Bibcode:2022Sci...378..909I. doi:10.1126/science.abm8668. PMC 9764345. PMID 36423296.

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"AEOI Spokesman: Foreign Customers of Iran's Heavy Water Standing in Line | Farsnews Agency". www.farsnews.ir.

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Ecabert, R. (1984). "The heavy water production plant at Arroyito, Arge..|INIS". Sulzer Technical Review. 66 (3): 21–24. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
Garcia, E.E. (1982). "The projects for heavy water production of the Arg..|INIS". Energia Nuclear (Buenos Aires) (9): 50–64. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
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"Radioactive Graphite Management at UK Magnox Nuclear Power Stations" (PDF). Pub-iaea.org. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
"Heavy Water Reactors: Status and Projected Development" (PDF).

iaea.org

"Selection of a Safeguards Approach for the Arroyito Heavy Water Production Plant" (PDF). Iaea.org. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

indiatimes.com (Global: 31^st place; English: 19^th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Laxman, Srinivas. "Full circle: India exports heavy water to US". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 July 2022.

isna.ir (Global: 660^th place; English: 3,050^th place)

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goldbook.iupac.org

IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "heavy water". doi:10.1351/goldbook.H02758

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Urey, Harold C. (1935). "Heavy Water". Scientific American. Vol. 152, no. 6. pp. 300–302. Bibcode:1935SciAm.152..300U. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0635-300. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24999142.
Katz, Joseph J. (1960). "The Biology of Heavy Water". Scientific American. Vol. 203, no. 1. pp. 106–117. ISSN 0036-8733. JSTOR 24940548.
Laissue, J. A.; Bally, E.; Joel, D. D.; Slatkin, D. N.; Stoner, R. D. (1983). "Protection of mice from whole-body gamma radiation by deuteration of drinking water". Radiation Research. 96 (1): 59–64. Bibcode:1983RadR...96...59L. doi:10.2307/3576164. JSTOR 3576164. PMID 6226056.
Milhollin, Gary (1987). "Heavy Water Cheaters". Foreign Policy (69): 100–119. doi:10.2307/1148590. ISSN 0015-7228. JSTOR 1148590.

libretexts.org (Global: 4,683^rd place; English: 3,565^th place)

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lsbu.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

atlas.media.mit.edu

"OEC – Heavy water (deuterium oxide) (HS92_ 284510) Product Trade, Exporters and Importers". The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Archived from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2018.

msu.ru (Global: 1,525^th place; English: 6,537^th place)

istina.msu.ru

"Тяжелая вода – свойства, получение и применение в ядерной отрасли" [Heavy Water - Properties, Production, and Application in the Nuclear Industry]. ИСТИНА – Интеллектуальная Система Тематического Исследования НАукометрических данных (in Russian). Retrieved 25 January 2025.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Money, K. E.; Myles, W. S. (February 1974). "Heavy water nystagmus and effects of alcohol". Nature. 247 (5440): 404–405. Bibcode:1974Natur.247..404M. doi:10.1038/247404a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 4544739.

newsbank.com (Global: 492^nd place; English: 245^th place)

nl.newsbank.com

"Radiation Punch Nuke Plant Worker Charged With Spiking Juice". Philadelphia Daily News. Associated Press. 6 March 1990. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2006.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

D. J. Kushner; Alison Baker; T. G. Dunstall (1999). "Pharmacological uses and perspectives of heavy water and deuterated compounds". Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 77 (2): 79–88. doi:10.1139/cjpp-77-2-79. PMID 10535697.
Urey, HC; Failla, G (15 March 1935). "Concerning the Taste of Heavy Water". Science. 81 (2098): 273. Bibcode:1935Sci....81..273U. doi:10.1126/science.81.2098.273-a. PMID 17811065.
Ben Abu, Natalie; Mason, Philip E. (6 April 2021). "Sweet taste of heavy water". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 440. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01964-y. PMC 8024362. PMID 33824405.
Miller, Inglis J.; Mooser, Gregory (1979). "Taste responses to deuterium oxide". Physiology. 23 (1): 69–74. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(79)90124-0. PMID 515218. S2CID 39474797.
Bild, W.; Năstasă, V.; Haulică (2004). "In Vivo and in Vitro Research on the Biological Effects of Deuterium-depleted water: Influence of Deuterium-depleted water on Cultured Cell Growth". Romanian Journal of Physiology. 41 (1–2): 53–67. PMID 15984656.
Katz, J.; Crespy, H. L. (1972). "Biologically important isotope hybrid compounds in nmr: 1H Fourier transform nmr at unnatural abundance". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 32 (1–4): 221–250. Bibcode:1972PApCh..32..221K. doi:10.1351/pac197232010221. PMID 4343107.
Evans, B. R.; et al. (2015). "Production of deuterated switchgrass by hydroponic cultivation". Planta. 242 (1): 215–222. Bibcode:2015Plant.242..215E. doi:10.1007/s00425-015-2298-0. OSTI 1185899. PMID 25896375. S2CID 18477008.
Kutyshenko, V. P.; et al. (2015). "'In-plant' NMR: Analysis of the Intact Plant Vesicularia dubyana by High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy". Molecules. 20 (3): 4359–4368. doi:10.3390/molecules20034359. PMC 6272724. PMID 25759953. S2CID 19662801.
Vergara, F.; et al. (2018). "Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. elevated tolerance to D₂O: its use for the production of highly deuterated metabolites". Planta. 247 (2): 405–412. Bibcode:2018Plant.247..405V. doi:10.1007/s00425-017-2794-5. PMID 29030693. S2CID 11302702.
de Carli, G. J.; et al. (2020). "An animal able to tolerate D₂O". ChemBioChem. 22 (6): 988–991. doi:10.1002/cbic.202000642. PMID 33125805. S2CID 226218470.
Kampmeyer, Caroline; Johansen, Jens V.; Holmberg, Christian; Karlson, Magnus; Gersing, Sarah K.; Bordallo, Heloisa N.; Kragelund, Birthe B.; Lerche, Mathilde H.; Jourdain, Isabelle; Winther, Jakob R.; Hartmann-Petersen, Rasmus (17 April 2020). "Mutations in a Single Signaling Pathway Allow Cell Growth in Heavy Water". ACS Synthetic Biology. 9 (4): 733–748. doi:10.1021/acssynbio.9b00376. ISSN 2161-5063. PMID 32142608. S2CID 212621576.
Li, Xiyan; Snyder, Michael P. (18 February 2016). "Yeast longevity promoted by reversing aging-associated decline in heavy isotope content". npj Aging and Mechanisms of Disease. 2 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 16004–. doi:10.1038/npjamd.2016.4. ISSN 2056-3973. PMC 5515009. PMID 28721263.
Pittendrigh, C. S.; Caldarola, P. C.; Cosbey, E. S. (July 1973). "A Differential Effect of Heavy Water on Temperature-Dependent and Temperature-Compensated Aspects of the Circadian System of Drosophila pseudoobscura". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 70 (7): 2037–2041. Bibcode:1973PNAS...70.2037P. doi:10.1073/pnas.70.7.2037. PMC 433660. PMID 4516204.
Money, K. E.; Myles, W. S. (February 1974). "Heavy water nystagmus and effects of alcohol". Nature. 247 (5440): 404–405. Bibcode:1974Natur.247..404M. doi:10.1038/247404a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 4544739.
Kushner, D. J.; Baker, Alison; Dunstall, T. G. (1999). "Pharmacological uses and perspectives of heavy water and deuterated compounds". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 77 (2): 79–88. doi:10.1139/cjpp-77-2-79. PMID 10535697. ... used in boron neutron capture therapy ... D₂O is more toxic to malignant than normal animal cells ... Protozoa are able to withstand up to 70% D₂O. Algae and bacteria can adapt to grow in 100% D₂O
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