Heraldry of Columbia University (English Wikipedia)

Matthews, Brander; John Pine; Harry Peck; Munroe Smith (1904). A History of Columbia University: 1754–1904. London, England: Macmillan Company.
An Official Guide to Columbia University. New York: Columbia University Press. 1912. p. 16.

archives.gov

"New York MPS 116th Street—Columbia University Subway Station (IRT)". Records of the National Park Service, 1785 – 2006, Series: National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records, 2013 – 2017, Box: National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records: New York, ID: 75313889. National Archives.

Jacobs, Peter (July 2, 2013). "Take A Tour Of The Most Beautiful College Campus In New York City". Business Insider. Retrieved August 12, 2022.

"blue290: A Practical Guide to Columbia's Standards of Visual Identity" (PDF). columbia.edu. May 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 3, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.

"History | School of General Studies". gs.columbia.edu. Retrieved July 11, 2021.

Chodos, Joel (December 4, 2017). "Deciphering the Columbia Seal, Motto, and More". Columbia Medicine Magazine. Archived from the original on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.

"Columbia's Alma Mater Robbed of Crown; Under Canvas Cover She Awaits Its Return". The New York Times. August 8, 1928. Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
"Dr. Butler Predicts Social Reconstruction". The New York Times. June 14, 1906. Retrieved August 12, 2022.

"Columbia University". usheraldicregistry.com. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
"School of General Studies, Columbia University". usheraldicregistry.com. Retrieved July 11, 2021.

Chodos, Joel (December 4, 2017). "Deciphering the Columbia Seal, Motto, and More". Columbia Medicine Magazine. Archived from the original on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
"blue290: A Practical Guide to Columbia's Standards of Visual Identity" (PDF). columbia.edu. May 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 3, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
"Columbia's Alma Mater Robbed of Crown; Under Canvas Cover She Awaits Its Return". The New York Times. August 8, 1928. Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2021.