Hindu temple (English Wikipedia)

Subhash Kak, "Time, space and structure in ancient India." Conference on Sindhu-Sarasvati Valley Civilization: A Reappraisal, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, 21 & 22 February 2009. arXiv:0903.3252

asiatica.org

Michael Rabe (1996), "Sexual Imagery on the 'Phantasmagorical Castles' at Khajuraho – The Artha of Temple Kama", International Journal of Tantric Studies, Vol. 2, No. 2.

books.google.com

Stella Kramrisch (1946). The Hindu Temple. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 135, context: 40–43, 110–114, 129–139 with footnotes. ISBN 978-81-208-0223-0., Quote: "The [Hindu] temple is the seat and dwelling of God, according to the majority of the [Indian] names" (p. 135); "The temple as Vimana, proportionately measured throughout, is the house and body of God" (p. 133).
George Michell (1977). The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. University of Chicago Press. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-0-226-53230-1.; Quote: "The Hindu temple is designed to bring about contact between man and the gods of Hinduism religion" (...) "The architecture of the Hindu temple symbolically represents this quest by setting out to dissolve or decrease the boundaries between man and the divine".
Stella Kramrisch (1946). The Hindu Temple. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 19–43, 135–137, context: 129–144 with footnotes. ISBN 978-81-208-0223-0.
George Michell (1977). The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. University of Chicago Press. pp. 61–76. ISBN 978-0-226-53230-1.
Antonio Rigopoulos (1998). Dattatreya: The Immortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara: A Study of the Transformative and bums Inclusive Character of a Multi-faceted Hindu Deity. State University of New York Press. pp. 223–224, 243. ISBN 978-0-7914-3696-7.
Alain Daniélou (2001). The Hindu Temple: Deification of Eroticism. Inner Traditions. pp. 69–71. ISBN 978-0-89281-854-9.
BB Dutt (1925), Town planning in Ancient India at Google Books, ISBN 978-81-8205-487-5; See critical review by LD Barnett, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 4, Issue 2, June 1926, pp. 391.
Alice Boner and Sadāśiva Rath Śarmā (1966), Silpa Prakasa Medieval Orissan Sanskrit Text on Temple Architecture at Google Books, E.J. Brill (Netherlands)
George Michell (1977). The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. University of Chicago Press. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-0-226-53230-1.
George Michell (1977). The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. University of Chicago Press. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-0-226-53230-1.
D. Dayalan (1992). Early Temples of Tamilnadu: Their Role in Socio-Economic Life (c. 550-925 CE). Harman. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-81-85151-55-7., Quote: "There were some institutions [Hindu temples] which may be called temple-colleges and strove for the promotion of education in the country. They also acted as great residential institutions and offered facilities for the study and stay of hundreds of students and teachers from far and near. Some of these were triple institutions, a college, a hostel and a hospital knit together. Many of such institutions are found described in the Chola inscriptions. (...) But the earliest known Vedic institution of advanced studies that existed in the Tamil country was the vidyasthana at Bahur near Pondicherry. A copper plate grant issued during the reign of Nripatungavarman (877 CE) records the gift of certain villages as vidya-bhoga for its maintenance."
Kenneth G. Zysk (1998). Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India: Medicine in the Buddhist Monastery. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-81-208-1528-5.
Michael Willis (2014). The Archaeology of Hindu Ritual: Temples and the Establishment of the Gods. Cambridge University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-107-46016-4.
George Michell (1977). The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. University of Chicago Press. pp. 59–60. ISBN 978-0-226-53230-1.
Kapila Vatsyayan (1991). Concepts of Space, Ancient and Modern. Abhinav. pp. 198–199. ISBN 978-81-7017-252-9.
Anila Verghese (2002). Hampi. Oxford University Press. pp. 20, 33, 39. ISBN 978-0-19-565433-2.
Colleen Taylor Sen (2004). Food Culture in India. Greenwood. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-0-313-32487-1.
Albertina Nugteren (2005). Belief, Bounty, And Beauty: Rituals Around Sacred Trees in India. BRILL Academic. pp. 412–413. ISBN 90-04-14601-6.
J. L. Brockington (1998). The Sanskrit Epics. BRILL. pp. 379–. ISBN 90-04-10260-4.
Madho Sarup Vats (1952), The Gupta Temple at Deogarh, Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India, Vol. LXX, pages 49-51 Plates 1-3
Carmel Berkson; Wendy Doniger; George Michell (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva. Princeton University Press (Motilal Banarsidass, Reprint). pp. 17–21. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.
Madhuri Desai (2007). Resurrecting Banaras: Urban Space, Architecture and Religious Boundaries. ISBN 978-0-549-52839-5.
Robert Bradnock; Roma Bradnock (2000). India Handbook. McGraw-Hill. p. 959. ISBN 978-0-658-01151-1.
Eck, Diana L. (2007). Darśan: Seeing the Divine Image in India. Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. p. 3. ISBN 978-81-208-3266-4.
Ram Raz, Henry Harkness (1834), Essay on the Architecture of the Hindus at Google Books
Sircar 1979, p. 64. Sircar, D.C. (1979). Some Epigraphical Records of the Medieval Period from Eastern India. Delhi: Shakti Malik. ISBN 9788170170969.

britannica.com

"gopura". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 January 2008.

columbia.edu

ftp.columbia.edu

Richard Eaton (5 January 2001), "Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states", Frontline, pp. 70-77 (Archived by Columbia University)
Richard Eaton (5 January 2001), "Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states", Frontline, pp. 70-77 (Archived by Columbia University)
Richard Eaton (5 January 2001), "Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states", Frontline, pp. 70-77 (Archived by Columbia University)

deakin.edu.au

dro.deakin.edu.au

Datta and Beynon (2011), "Early Connections: Reflections on the canonical lineage of Southeast Asian temples" Archived 1 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, in EAAC 2011: South of East Asia: Re-addressing East Asian Architecture and Urbanism: Proceedings of the East Asian Architectural Culture International Conference, Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1-17

doi.org

Several books and journal articles have documented the effect on Hindu temples of Islam's arrival in South Asia and Southeast Asia:
- Gaborieau, Marc (1985). "From Al-Beruni to Jinnah: idiom, ritual and ideology of the Hindu-Muslim confrontation in South Asia". Anthropology Today. 1 (3). Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 7–14. doi:10.2307/3033123. JSTOR 3033123.
- Meister, Michael (1983). "Geometry and Measure in Indian Temple Plans: Rectangular Temples". Artibus Asiae. 44 (4): 266–296. doi:10.2307/3249613. JSTOR 3249613.
- Sinha, Amita (1998). "Design of Settlements in the Vaastu Shastras". Journal of Cultural Geography. 17 (2): 27–41. doi:10.1080/08873639809478319.
- Tillotson, G. H. R. (1997). "Svastika Mansion: A Silpa-Sastra in the 1930s". South Asian Studies. 13 (1): 87–97. doi:10.1080/02666030.1997.9628528.
- Rian; et al. (2007). "Fractal geometry as the synthesis of Hindu cosmology in Kandariya Mahadev temple, Khajuraho". Building and Environment. 42 (12): 4093–4107. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.01.028.
- Meister, Michael W. (March 2006). "Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 65 (1): 26–49. doi:10.2307/25068237. JSTOR 25068237.
- Meister, Michael W. (April–June 1979). "Maṇḍala and Practice in Nāgara Architecture in North India". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 99 (2): 204–219. doi:10.2307/602657. JSTOR 602657.
- Coomaraswamy, Ananda (1928). "Indian Architectural Terms". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 48: 269. doi:10.2307/593145. JSTOR 593145.
- Heitzman, James (1987). "Temple Urbanism in Medieval South India". The Journal of Asian Studies. 46 (4). Cambridge University Press: 791–826, see Table 1 on p. 805 for an illustrative tabulated distribution. doi:10.2307/2057102. JSTOR 2057102. S2CID 154068714.

earnmyvacation.com

earnmyvacation.com (30 May 2023). "A Journey Through the Most Beautiful South Indian Temples". Earn My Vacation. Retrieved 1 June 2023.

financialexpress.com

"Model art: Ancient temples of Odisha come alive in crafted stone miniatures". The Financial Express. 8 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.

grupolusofona.pt

recil.grupolusofona.pt

Teotonio R. De Souza (2016). The Portuguese in Goa, in Acompanhando a Lusofonia em Goa: Preocupações e experiências pessoais (PDF). Lisbon: Grupo Lusofona. pp. 28–30.

hindutempleyatra.in

"Hindu Temple Tour". Retrieved 23 July 2019.

hinduwisdom.info

Kak, S. (2011) Space and order in Prambanan. In M. Gupta (ed.) From Beyond the Eastern Horizon: Essays in honour of Professor Lokesh Chandra. Aditya Prakashan, Delhi. [1]

indianexpress.com

"World's largest Hindu temple outside India in modern era to be inaugurated on October 8 in New Jersey". The Indian Express. 25 September 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.

inria.fr

sanskrit.inria.fr

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, क्षेत्र "sacred spot, place of pilgrimage".

jagranjosh.com

"Would you like to Know These Amazing facts about Elephanta Caves". Jagranjosh.com. 15 February 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2019.

jstor.org

Several books and journal articles have documented the effect on Hindu temples of Islam's arrival in South Asia and Southeast Asia:
- Gaborieau, Marc (1985). "From Al-Beruni to Jinnah: idiom, ritual and ideology of the Hindu-Muslim confrontation in South Asia". Anthropology Today. 1 (3). Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 7–14. doi:10.2307/3033123. JSTOR 3033123.
- Meister, Michael (1983). "Geometry and Measure in Indian Temple Plans: Rectangular Temples". Artibus Asiae. 44 (4): 266–296. doi:10.2307/3249613. JSTOR 3249613.
- Stella Kramrisch (1958), Traditions of the Indian Craftsman, The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 71, No. 281, (Jul. - Sep., 1958), pp. 224-230
- V.S. Pramar, Some Evidence on the Wooden Origins of the Vāstupuruṣamaṇḍala,Artibus Asiae, Vol. 46, No. 4 (1985), pp. 305-311.
- Meister, Michael W. (March 2006). "Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 65 (1): 26–49. doi:10.2307/25068237. JSTOR 25068237.
- Meister, Michael W. (April–June 1979). "Maṇḍala and Practice in Nāgara Architecture in North India". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 99 (2): 204–219. doi:10.2307/602657. JSTOR 602657.
- Edmund Leach, "The Gatekeepers of Heaven: Anthropological Aspects of Grandiose Architecture", Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Autumn 1983), pp. 243-264.
- Edmund Leach, "The Gatekeepers of Heaven: Anthropological Aspects of Grandiose Architecture", Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Autumn 1983), pp. 243-264.
- Edmund Leach, "The Gatekeepers of Heaven: Anthropological Aspects of Grandiose Architecture", Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Autumn 1983), pp. 243-264.
- Edmund Leach, "The Gatekeepers of Heaven: Anthropological Aspects of Grandiose Architecture", Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Autumn 1983), pp. 243-264.
- E Leach, "The Gatekeepers of Heaven: Anthropological Aspects of Grandiose Architecture", Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 249-250.
- E Leach, "The Gatekeepers of Heaven: Anthropological Aspects of Grandiose Architecture", Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 262.
- Coomaraswamy, Ananda (1928). "Indian Architectural Terms". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 48: 269. doi:10.2307/593145. JSTOR 593145.
- Heitzman, James (1987). "Temple Urbanism in Medieval South India". The Journal of Asian Studies. 46 (4). Cambridge University Press: 791–826, see Table 1 on p. 805 for an illustrative tabulated distribution. doi:10.2307/2057102. JSTOR 2057102. S2CID 154068714.
- Meister, Michael W. (1981). "Forest and Cave: Temples at Candrabhāgā and Kansuān". Archives of Asian Art. 34. University of Hawai'i Press: 56–73. JSTOR 20111117.
- Meister, Michael W. (1975–1976). "A Field Report on Temples at Kusuma". Archives of Asian Art. 29. University of Hawai'i Press: 23–46. JSTOR 20062576.
- Jutta Neubauer, "The stepwells of Gujarat", India International Centre Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Summer 1999), pp. 75-80.
- Marc Gaborieau (1985), From Al-Beruni to Jinnah: idiom, ritual and ideology of the Hindu-Muslim confrontation in South Asia, Anthropology Today, 1(3), pp. 7-14.

macrotheme.com

Padmaja Vijay Kamat, "Temple Economy in Goa: A Case Study", The Macrotheme Review 2(5), Fall 2013, pp. 97-111.

mha.gov.in

"The Place of Worship(Special Provisions) Act, 1991" (PDF). Government of India.

nbcnews.com

Frances Kai-Hwa Wang (28 July 2014). "World's Largest Hindu Temple Being Built in New Jersey". NBC News. Retrieved 3 December 2016.

nytimes.com

Shivani Vora (28 October 2016). "In Line for Blessings and Sweets at Hindu Temple Canteen". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 October 2016.

orissa.gov.in

Dibishada Brajasundar Garnayak, Evolution of Temple Architecture in Orissa, Orissa Review, November 2007

prasantbhatt.com

Bhatt, Shiva (13 April 2018). "Major Hindu Temples In Nepal | Himalaya Parvat | Pashupatinath Temple". Hindu Temples In Nepal. Retrieved 17 May 2018.

sanskritdocuments.org

Jabaladarsana Upanishad 1.59

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Heitzman, James (1987). "Temple Urbanism in Medieval South India". The Journal of Asian Studies. 46 (4). Cambridge University Press: 791–826, see Table 1 on p. 805 for an illustrative tabulated distribution. doi:10.2307/2057102. JSTOR 2057102. S2CID 154068714.

spokensanskrit.de

zilpin Archived 14 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine University of Cologne, Germany

telegraphindia.com

Rautray, Samanwaya (10 October 2002). "1991 central law precludes Ayodhya judgment setting precedent". www.telegraphindia.com.

thehindu.com

Venkataramanan, K. (17 November 2019). "What does the Places of Worship Act protect?". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 28 December 2019.

unesco.org

whc.unesco.org

Rani-ki-vav at Patan, Gujarat, UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ellora Caves Cave 16 – Kailasha Hindu Temple, 8th century CE, UNESCO
"Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam".
Prambanan Temple Compounds UNESCO world heritage site
My Son Sanctuary Vietnam, UNESCO World Heritage Site

uni-koeln.de

sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de

Sanskrit words for Temple Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, Koeln University, Germany

vhpthailand.org

"Hindu Temple – Vishva Hindu Parishad – Thailand". Retrieved 13 April 2021.

web.archive.org

Datta and Beynon (2011), "Early Connections: Reflections on the canonical lineage of Southeast Asian temples" Archived 1 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, in EAAC 2011: South of East Asia: Re-addressing East Asian Architecture and Urbanism: Proceedings of the East Asian Architectural Culture International Conference, Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1-17
zilpin Archived 14 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine University of Cologne, Germany
Richard Eaton (2000), Temple Desecration and Indo-Muslim States, Journal of Islamic Studies, 11(3), pp 283-319

wilbourhall.org

H, Kern (1865), The Brhat Sanhita of Varaha-mihara, The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta

worldcat.org

H. Daniel Smith (1963), Ed. Pāncarātra prasāda prasādhapam, A Pancaratra Text on Temple-Building, Syracuse: University of Rochester, OCLC 68138877
Mahanti and Mahanty (1995 Reprint), Śilpa Ratnākara, Orissa Akademi, OCLC 42718271
Ganapati Sastri (1920), Īśānaśivagurudeva paddhati, Trivandrum Sanskrit Series, OCLC 71801033
Venkataramanan, K. (17 November 2019). "What does the Places of Worship Act protect?". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 28 December 2019.