History of Puerto Rico (English Wikipedia)

Cintrón, Carmelo Delgado (June 1, 1961). "La obra jurídica del Profesor David M. Helfeld (1948–2008)". Academiajurisprudenciapr.org. Archived from the original on March 27, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2012.

apnews.com

"Puerto Rico will include status plebiscite in November's general elections". Associated Press News.

archive.org

Brau, Salvador (1894). Puerto Rico y su historia: investigaciones críticas (in Spanish). Valencia, Spain: Francisco Vives Moras. pp. 96–97.
Rouse, Irving (1992). The Tainos- Rise and Decline of the People Who Greeted Columbus. Yale University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-300-05181-0.
Miller, Paul Gerard (1922). Historia de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 June 2020 – via Internet Archive.
Cesar Ayala; Rafael Bernabe (2007). Puerto Rico in the American Century A History since 1898. U.S.A: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 36. ISBN 978-0-8078-3113-7.
Cesar Ayala; Rafael Bernabe (2007). Puerto Rico in the American Century A History since 1898. U.S.A: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 47. ISBN 978-0-8078-3113-7.
Cesar Ayala; Rafael Bernabe (2007). Puerto Rico in the American Century A History since 1898. U.S.A: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 42. ISBN 978-0-8078-3113-7.
Leyes de la Tercera Legislatura Ordinaria de la Décimoquinta Asamble Legislativa de Puerto Rico, 8 de Febrero a 15 de Abril de 1943. Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico. 1943. pp. 1084–1087.

aspira.org

iprac.aspira.org

Blackburn Moreno, Ronald (February 2001). "Brief Chronology of Puerto Rico" (PDF). ASPIRA Association, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 17, 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2006.

books.google.com

Ayala, César J.; Bernabe, Rafael (2009-06-23). Puerto Rico in the American Century. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 33. ISBN 9780807895535.
Barrier 2008, p. 249. Barrier, Brooke (2008). Fodor's Puerto Rico. Fodor's Travel Publications. ISBN 978-1-4000-0731-8.
James L. Dietz (1987). Economic History of Puerto Rico: Institutional Change and Capitalist Development. Princeton U.P. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-691-02248-2.
U.S. Congress, Senate, Senate Committee on Territories and Insular Affairs, Independence for Puerto Rico: Hearings Before the Senate Committee on Territories and Insular Affairs, April 23, 24, 26, 27, May 1, and 8, 1945, 79th Congress, 1st session, 233.
Alexa S. Dietrich (2013). The Drug Company Next Door: Pollution, Jobs, and Community Health in Puerto Rico. NYU Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8147-2499-6.
Ángel Collado Schwarz (2012). Decolonization Models for America's Last Colony: Puerto Rico: Radio Interviews with Francisco Catalá-Oliveras and Juan Lara. Syracuse University Press. pp. 210–12. ISBN 978-0-8156-0963-6.
Susan Margaret Collins; Barry Bosworth; Miguel A. Soto-Class (2006). The Economy of Puerto Rico: Restoring Growth. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 12, 71, 399. ISBN 978-0-8157-1560-3.

canada.com

Mahaffy, Cheryl (January 28, 2006). "Vieques Island – What lies beneath". Edmonton Journal. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2006.

cbsnews.com

"Puerto Rico votes for U.S. statehood in non-binding referendum". CBS News. Retrieved 2012-11-08.

ceepur.org

"CEE Event". Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2012.

census.gov

"Hispanic population in the United States". Retrieved June 17, 2007.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

Puerto Ricans favor statehood for first time, CNN, 7 November 2012

cornell.edu

law.cornell.edu

Text of Ortega v. Lara, 202 U.S. 339, 342 (1906) is available from: Cornell Findlaw Justia OpenJurist

cosmos.ne.jp

Johnny Irizarry; Maria Mills-Torres; Marta Moreno Vega; Anita Rivera. "Resistance in Paradise: Rethinking 100 Years of U.S. Involvement in the Caribbean and the Pacific". American Friends Service Committee. Archived from the original on February 22, 2006. Retrieved March 19, 2006.

dandy.net

members.dandy.net

Pedro Torres. "The Dictionary of the Taíno Language". Taino Inter-Tribal Council Inc. Archived from the original on February 13, 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2006.

deathpenaltyinfo.org

"Puerto Rico and the Death Penalty". Death Penalty Information Center. Archived from the original on May 4, 2006. Retrieved March 21, 2006.

doi.org

Fernós-Isern, Antonio (1953-01-01). "From Colony to Commonwealth". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 285: 16–22. doi:10.1177/000271625328500104. JSTOR 1029109. S2CID 145343781.
Mercado, A.; McCann, W. (1998). "Numerical Simulation of the 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami". Natural Hazards. 18 (1): 57–76. doi:10.1023/A:1008091910209. ISSN 0921-030X. S2CID 129251459.
Villanueva, Victor (2009). "Colonial Memory and the Crime of Rhetoric: Pedro Albizu Campo". College English. 71 (6): 630–638. doi:10.58680/ce20097172. ISSN 0010-0994.

drakenavigatorsguild.org

"The Life of Sir Francis Drake". July 20, 2004. Retrieved March 1, 2006.

elboricua.com

Figueroa, Ivonne (July 1996). "Taínos". Retrieved March 20, 2006.
"El Boricua – Mirador Puertorriqueño, Wilfredo Santiago Valiente". www.elboricua.com.

electionspuertorico.org

"Elections in Puerto Rico: Results 1967 Plebiscite". Retrieved March 14, 2006.
For the complete statistics regarding these plebiscites please refer to Elections in Puerto Rico:Results.

elnuevodia.com

"El Senado aprueba enmiendas a la ley del plebiscito". 18 April 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.

enciclopediapr.org

Rosado, Marisa (September 12, 2014). "The Ponce Massacre (1937)". Puerto Rico Encyclopedia. Fundacion Puertorriqueña De Las Humanidades. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016.

ensayistas.org

"Teoría, Crítica e Historia: La abolición de la esclavitud y el mundo hispano". Ensayistas.

feri.org

newdeal.feri.org

"Religion". Puerto Rico: A Guide to the Island of Boriquén. Federal Writers Project. 1940. Archived from the original on October 10, 1999. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
"Agriculture". Puerto Rico: A Guide to the Island of Boriquén. Federal Writers Project. 1940. Archived from the original on February 14, 2006. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
"Industry, Commerce, and Labor". Puerto Rico: A Guide to the Island of Boriquén. Federal Writers Project. 1940. Archived from the original on October 10, 1999. Retrieved March 6, 2006.

findlaw.com

caselaw.findlaw.com

Text of Ortega v. Lara, 202 U.S. 339, 342 (1906) is available from: Cornell Findlaw Justia OpenJurist

forbes.com

Baribeau, Simone (January 23, 2017). "United States Virgin Islands Risks Capsizing Under Weight Of Debt". Forbes. Retrieved February 15, 2017.

foxnews.com

"US to Puerto Rico: Add another option to status referendum". Fox News. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.

ft.com

Platt, Eric (January 19, 2017). "New Puerto Rico governor seeks amicable debt crisis resolution". Financial Times. New York. Retrieved February 17, 2017.

galegroup.com

ic.galegroup.com

"Anti U.S. Sentiments in Puerto Rico". The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Terrorism.
Antrop-Gonzalez, Rene (2006). "Pedro Albizu Campos". Encyclopedia of African American Culture and History – via Gale.

worldscholar.tu.galegroup.com

Meyer, Gerald (2011). "Pedro Albizu Campos, Gilberto Concepcion de Gracia, and Vito Marcantonio's collaboration in the cause of Puerto Rico's independence". Journal of the Center of Puerto Rican Studies – via Gale.

go.galegroup.com

"Gale – User Identification Form". go.galegroup.com.

gdb-pur.com

"Moody's places Puerto Rico's credit rating in watchlist for a possible downgrade" (PDF). Government Development Bank of Puerto Rico. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 5, 2006. Retrieved March 15, 2006.

go.com

abcnews.go.com

Danica Coto (December 17, 2017). "Report slams local, US hurricane response in Puerto Rico". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 19, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.

harpers.org

Petra Bartosiewicz. "Before the Deluge / How Washington sealed Puerto Rico's fate". Harper's.

heinonline.org

Muñiz, Humberto García (Spring 1984). "Puerto Rico and the United States: the United Nations Role 1953-1975". Revista Jurídica de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. 53 (1): 222. ISSN 0041-851X.

house.gov

history.house.gov

"Puerto Rico | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2016-12-22.

jstor.org

Fernós-Isern, Antonio (1953-01-01). "From Colony to Commonwealth". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 285: 16–22. doi:10.1177/000271625328500104. JSTOR 1029109. S2CID 145343781.
Laird W. Bergad, "Agrarian History of Puerto Rico, 1870–1930," Latin American Research Review (1978) 13#3 pp. 63–94 in JSTOR

justia.com

supreme.justia.com

Text of Ortega v. Lara, 202 U.S. 339, 342 (1906) is available from: Cornell Findlaw Justia OpenJurist

lasalitacafe.com

"Taino Tribal Census Registration: A Record of Hope and Survival". La Salita Cafe. 2014-09-14. Archived from the original on September 25, 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.

letpuertoricodecide.com

"An Introduction to Puerto Rico's Status Debate". Let Puerto Rico Decide. Archived from the original on 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2012-03-29.

loc.gov

"Chronology of Puerto Rico in the Spanish–American War". Library of Congress. Retrieved March 10, 2006.
"The World of 1898: The Spanish–American War". Hispanic Division, Library of Congress. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
"Military Government in Puerto Rico". Library of Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2006.
"Hurricane San Ciriaco". Library of Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2006.
"Foraker Act (Organic Act of 1900)". Library of Congress. Retrieved March 10, 2006.
"Hispanic Americans in Congress – Muñoz Rivera". www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
"Jones Act – The World of 1898: The Spanish–American War (Hispanic Division, Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov. Retrieved 2016-12-22.

memory.loc.gov

"Puerto Rico: Migrating to a New Land". Library of Congress. April 22, 2004. Retrieved March 10, 2006.

metro.pr

"Cámara aprueba resolución sobre status que populares querían debatir en inglés | Metro Puerto Rico". metro.pr. February 15, 2025.

miamiherald.com

Wyss, Jim (January 26, 2017). "Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?". Miami Herald. Miami Herald. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
Wyss, Jim. "Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?". Miami Herald. Miami. Retrieved February 24, 2017.

mprnews.org

Nearly a year after Maria, Puerto Rico officials claim power is totally restored

munoz-marin.org

"Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved February 25, 2006.

nbcnews.com

"Hurricane Irma leaves more than 1 million without power in Puerto Rico". NBC News. 8 September 2017.
"House votes in favor of resolving Puerto Rico's territorial status". NBC News. December 15, 2022.

nbcnewyork.com

Hernandez, Estefania (September 22, 2017). "'Helpless, Worried and Sick': Puerto Rico's Vast Outages Leave Relatives on Mainland Worried". NBC New York. Retrieved September 22, 2017.

newadvent.org

Jones, W.A. "Porto Rico". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 4, 2006.

newspapers.com

Simone-Miller, Cheryl (28 November 1999). "Rediscovering the Taino Tribe". Daily News New York. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
Flores, Aurora (25 November 2001). "Puerto Rican Heritage". Daily News New York. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

nla.gov.au

"Record crop in Puerto Rico". Daily Mercury (Mackay, Qld. : 1906 - 1954). 9 November 1950. Retrieved 29 October 2019.

nps.gov

cr.nps.gov

"La Fortaleza/San Juan National Historic Site, Puerto Rico". National Park Service. Archived from the original on February 8, 2006. Retrieved March 1, 2006.

nps.gov

Alonso, María M. "Chapter XIV – Abercromby's Siege" (PDF). The Eighteenth Century Caribbean & The British Attack on Puerto Rico in 1797. Retrieved February 28, 2006.

nylatinojournal.com

NY/Latino Journal; Taking the PE Out of PRT; by: Rafael Merino Cortes; July 20, 2006 Archived September 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

nytimes.com

Mazzei, Patricia (December 18, 2019). "Culture or Cruelty? Puerto Rico Says No to Federal Cockfighting Ban". The New York Times.
"After Closing of Navy Base, Hard Times in Puerto Rico". New York Times. April 3, 2005. Retrieved October 31, 2017.

openjurist.org

Text of Ortega v. Lara, 202 U.S. 339, 342 (1906) is available from: Cornell Findlaw Justia OpenJurist

pr-secretfiles.net

González, Juan (May 23, 2000). "FBI Files on Puerto Ricans". Archived from the original on January 13, 2006. Retrieved March 24, 2006.
"Freedom of Information and Privacy Acts Section" (PDF). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2006. Retrieved March 24, 2006.

proyectosalonhogar.com

"Aspectos políticos en Puerto Rico: 1765–1837" (in Spanish). Retrieved March 4, 2006.

puertorico-herald.org

Mari, Brenda A. (April 22, 2005). "The Legacy of Añasco: Where the Gods Come to Die". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on April 27, 2006. Retrieved March 1, 2006.

science.org

"How Europeans Brought Sickness to the New World". www.sciencemag.org. 3 June 2015.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Fernós-Isern, Antonio (1953-01-01). "From Colony to Commonwealth". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 285: 16–22. doi:10.1177/000271625328500104. JSTOR 1029109. S2CID 145343781.
Mercado, A.; McCann, W. (1998). "Numerical Simulation of the 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami". Natural Hazards. 18 (1): 57–76. doi:10.1023/A:1008091910209. ISSN 0921-030X. S2CID 129251459.

senate.gov

wicker.senate.gov

"Wicker Reintroduces Puerto Rico Status Act". www.wicker-senate.gov. September 28, 2023.

sfgate.com

"Puerto Rico vote could change ties to U.S." SFGate. Associated Press. 2012-11-04. Retrieved 2012-11-08.

starherald.com

"Puerto Rico Gets More Time". Star Herald. Scottsbluff, ME. Associated Press. January 29, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2017.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Associated Press (January 29, 2017). "Puerto Rico gets more time to propose fiscal plan". Star Herald. Scottsbluff, ME. Retrieved February 16, 2017.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

state.gov

history.state.gov

"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, United Nations Affairs, Volume III". This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

thefiscaltimes.com

Nick Brown (January 18, 2017). "Puerto Rico oversight board favors more time for restructuring talks". Fiscal Times. Reuters. Retrieved February 16, 2017.

topuertorico.org

"History of Puerto Rico: 1851 – 1899". www.topuertorico.org.
"Puerto Rican History". Topuertorico.org. January 13, 1941. Retrieved November 20, 2011.

treasury.gov

Watson, Dan (January 17, 2017). "Secretary Lew Sends Letter to 115th Congress on Puerto Rico". Department of the Treasury. Retrieved February 16, 2017.

uprm.edu

redsismica.uprm.edu

"Earthquake of 1918". Puerto Rico Seismic Network. Retrieved March 12, 2006.

usatoday.com

Doreli, Oren (November 3, 2017). "Puerto Rico's water woes raise fears of health crisis". USA Today. New York City. pp. 1A, 2A. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

washingtonpost.com

Coto, Danica (February 3, 2017). "Puerto Rico gov approves referendum in quest for statehood". Washington Post. DC. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.

web.archive.org

Mahaffy, Cheryl (January 28, 2006). "Vieques Island – What lies beneath". Edmonton Journal. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2006.
Pedro Torres. "The Dictionary of the Taíno Language". Taino Inter-Tribal Council Inc. Archived from the original on February 13, 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2006.
Mari, Brenda A. (April 22, 2005). "The Legacy of Añasco: Where the Gods Come to Die". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on April 27, 2006. Retrieved March 1, 2006.
"Taino Tribal Census Registration: A Record of Hope and Survival". La Salita Cafe. 2014-09-14. Archived from the original on September 25, 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
"Religion". Puerto Rico: A Guide to the Island of Boriquén. Federal Writers Project. 1940. Archived from the original on October 10, 1999. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
"Puerto Rico and the Death Penalty". Death Penalty Information Center. Archived from the original on May 4, 2006. Retrieved March 21, 2006.
"La Fortaleza/San Juan National Historic Site, Puerto Rico". National Park Service. Archived from the original on February 8, 2006. Retrieved March 1, 2006.
NY/Latino Journal; Taking the PE Out of PRT; by: Rafael Merino Cortes; July 20, 2006 Archived September 3, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
Blackburn Moreno, Ronald (February 2001). "Brief Chronology of Puerto Rico" (PDF). ASPIRA Association, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 17, 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2006.
Rosado, Marisa (September 12, 2014). "The Ponce Massacre (1937)". Puerto Rico Encyclopedia. Fundacion Puertorriqueña De Las Humanidades. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
"Agriculture". Puerto Rico: A Guide to the Island of Boriquén. Federal Writers Project. 1940. Archived from the original on February 14, 2006. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
"Industry, Commerce, and Labor". Puerto Rico: A Guide to the Island of Boriquén. Federal Writers Project. 1940. Archived from the original on October 10, 1999. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
Cintrón, Carmelo Delgado (June 1, 1961). "La obra jurídica del Profesor David M. Helfeld (1948–2008)". Academiajurisprudenciapr.org. Archived from the original on March 27, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
González, Juan (May 23, 2000). "FBI Files on Puerto Ricans". Archived from the original on January 13, 2006. Retrieved March 24, 2006.
"Freedom of Information and Privacy Acts Section" (PDF). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 24, 2006. Retrieved March 24, 2006.
Johnny Irizarry; Maria Mills-Torres; Marta Moreno Vega; Anita Rivera. "Resistance in Paradise: Rethinking 100 Years of U.S. Involvement in the Caribbean and the Pacific". American Friends Service Committee. Archived from the original on February 22, 2006. Retrieved March 19, 2006.
"Luis Muñoz Marín Foundation". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved February 25, 2006.
"Moody's places Puerto Rico's credit rating in watchlist for a possible downgrade" (PDF). Government Development Bank of Puerto Rico. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 5, 2006. Retrieved March 15, 2006.
Danica Coto (December 17, 2017). "Report slams local, US hurricane response in Puerto Rico". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 19, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
"CEE Event". Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
"An Introduction to Puerto Rico's Status Debate". Let Puerto Rico Decide. Archived from the original on 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
Coto, Danica (February 3, 2017). "Puerto Rico gov approves referendum in quest for statehood". Washington Post. DC. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Roselló, Pedro Luis Perea (April–June 1963). Santiago, Maria García; Vega, Pedro Malavey; González, José M. Novoa; Goyco, Edwin Toro (eds.). "Res communes omnium". Doctrina. Revista de Derecho Puertorriqueño. Printed in Spain: Imprenta vda. de Daniel Cochs—Cros. 23.—Barcelona (in Spanish). 2 (8). Ponce, Puerto Rico: Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico School of Law: 7–24. ISSN 0034-7930.
Mercado, A.; McCann, W. (1998). "Numerical Simulation of the 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami". Natural Hazards. 18 (1): 57–76. doi:10.1023/A:1008091910209. ISSN 0921-030X. S2CID 129251459.
Villanueva, Victor (2009). "Colonial Memory and the Crime of Rhetoric: Pedro Albizu Campo". College English. 71 (6): 630–638. doi:10.58680/ce20097172. ISSN 0010-0994.
Muñiz, Humberto García (Spring 1984). "Puerto Rico and the United States: the United Nations Role 1953-1975". Revista Jurídica de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. 53 (1): 222. ISSN 0041-851X.

worldcat.org

Grose, Howard B., Advance in the Antilles; the new era in Cuba and Porto Rico, OCLC 1445643

wsj.com

Ansari, Talal; Campo-Flores, Arian; Calfas, Jennifer (January 9, 2020). "Puerto Rico Power Plant Sustains 'Destruction on a Grand Scale'". Wall Street Journal – via www.wsj.com.