History of mathematical notation (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "History of mathematical notation" in English language version.

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Whitehead, John B. Jr. (1901). "Review: Alternating Current Phenomena, by C. P. Steinmetz" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 7 (9): 399–408. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1901-00825-7.
Whitehead, John B. Jr. (1901). "Review: Alternating Current Phenomena, by C. P. Steinmetz" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 7 (9): 399–408. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1901-00825-7.

archive.org

Diophantos of Alexandria: A Study in the History of Greek Algebra. By Sir Thomas Little Heath. Pg 77.
Heath, Sir Thomas Little (1921). A History of Greek Mathematics. Oxford : Clarendon Press. pp. 456, 458.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Gullberg, Jan (1997). Mathematics: From the Birth of Numbers. W. W. Norton. p. 298. ISBN 0-393-04002-X.
Later, early modern version: Michael Walsh. (1801). A New System of Mercantile Arithmetic: Adapted to the Commerce of the United States, in Its Domestic and Foreign Relations with Forms of Accounts and Other Writings Usually Occurring in Trade. Edmund M. Blunt.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Arithmetical Books from the Invention of Printing to the Present Time. By Augustus De Morgan. p 2.
Arithmetica integra. By Michael Stifel, Philipp Melanchton. Norimbergæ: Apud Iohan Petreium, 1544.
Napier, Mark (1834). Memoirs of John Napier of Merchiston, his lineage, life, and times, with a history of the invention of logarithms. William Blackwood, Edinburgh, and Thomas Cadell, London.
Cajori, Florian (1919). A History of Mathematics. Macmillan. p. 157.
Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos. By William Jones. 1706. (Alt: Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos: or, a New Introduction to the Mathematics. archive.org.)
Emerson, William (1794). The elements of geometry. London: F. Wingrave.
Mécanique analytique: Volume 1, Volume 2. By Joseph Louis Lagrange. Ms. Ve Courcier, 1811.
The Words of Mathematics. By Steven Schwartzman. 6.
Books I, II, III (1878) at the Internet Archive; Book IV (1887) at the Internet Archive
Voigt, Woldemar (1898). Die fundamentalen physikalischen Eigenschaften der Krystalle in elementarer Darstellung. Leipzig: Von Veit.
An Introduction To The Modern Theory Of Equations. By Florian Cajori.
Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (1918) (Tr. Proceedings of the Prussian Academy of Sciences (1918)). archive.org; See also: Kaluza–Klein theory.
J.A. Wheeler; C. Misner; K.S. Thorne (1973). Gravitation. W.H. Freeman & Co. pp. 85–86, §3.5. ISBN 0-7167-0344-0.

books.google.com

A Dictionary of Science, Literature, & Art, Volume 2. Edited by William Thomas Brande, George William Cox. Pg 683
Mathematics: Its Power and Utility. By Karl J. Smith. Pg 86.
Encyclopædia Americana. By Thomas Gamaliel Bradford. Pg 314
Mathematical Excursion, Enhanced Edition: Enhanced Webassign Edition By Richard N. Aufmann, Joanne Lockwood, Richard D. Nation, Daniel K. Cleg. Pg 186
Mathematics and Measurement By Oswald Ashton Wentworth Dilk. Pg 14
A dictionary of science, literature and art, ed. by W.T. Brande. Pg 683
The American Mathematical Monthly, Volume 16. Pg 131
Kunitzsch, Paul (2003), "The Transmission of Hindu-Arabic Numerals Reconsidered", in J. P. Hogendijk; A. I. Sabra (eds.), The Enterprise of Science in Islam: New Perspectives, MIT Press, pp. 3–22 (12–13), ISBN 978-0-262-19482-2
Mathematical Magazine, Volume 1. Artemas Martin, 1887. Pg 124
Der Algorismus proportionum des Nicolaus Oresme: Zum ersten Male nach der Lesart der Handschrift R.40.2. der Königlichen Gymnasial-bibliothek zu Thorn. Nicole Oresme. S. Calvary & Company, 1868.
Rooney, Anne (15 July 2012). The History of Mathematics. Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-4488-7369-2.
David Stewart Erskine Earl of Buchan; Minto, Walter (1787). An Account of the Life, Writings, and Inventions of John Napier, of Merchiston. R. Morison, junr.
Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos. By William Jones. 1706. (Alt: Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos: or, a New Introduction to the Mathematics. archive.org.)
When Less is More: Visualizing Basic Inequalities. By Claudi Alsina, Roger B. Nelse. Pg 18.
Emerson, William (1763). The Doctrine of Proportion, Arithmetical and Geometrical. Together with a General Method of Arening by Proportional Quantities.
Baron, George (1804). The Mathematical Correspondent: Containing New Eludications, Discoveries, and Improvements, in Various Branches of the Mathematics. Sage and Clough. p. 83.
Mécanique analytique: Volume 1, Volume 2. By Joseph Louis Lagrange. Ms. Ve Courcier, 1811.
The collected mathematical papers of Arthur Cayley. Volume 11. Page 243.
Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Volume 1. By Ari Ben-Menahem. Pg 2070.
Electro-Magnetism: Theory and Applications. By A. Pramanik. 38
Can be assigned a given matrix: About a class of matrices. (Gr. Ueber eine Klasse von Matrizen: die sich einer gegebenen Matrix zuordnen lassen.) by Isay Schur
The New American Encyclopedic Dictionary. Edited by Edward Thomas Roe, Le Roy Hooker, Thomas W. Handford. Pg 34
Weinberg, Steven (1964), The quantum theory of fields, Volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 358, ISBN 0-521-55001-7 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Pisanski, Tomaž; Servatius, Brigitte (2013), "2.3.2 Cubic graphs and LCF notation", Configurations from a Graphical Viewpoint, Springer, p. 32, ISBN 978-0-8176-8364-1

cambridge.org

journals.cambridge.org

Dirac, P.A.M. (1939). "A new notation for quantum mechanics". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 35 (3): 416–418. Bibcode:1939PCPS...35..416D. doi:10.1017/S0305004100021162. S2CID 121466183.

columbia.edu

"The IBM 601 Multiplying Punch". Columbia.edu. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
"Interconnected Punched Card Equipment". Columbia.edu. 24 October 1935. Retrieved 24 June 2014.

doi.org

Heath (1931). "A Manual of Greek Mathematics". Nature. 128 (3235): 5. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..739T. doi:10.1038/128739a0. S2CID 3994109.
Maxwell, James Clerk (1865). "A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 155: 459–512. Bibcode:1865RSPT..155..459M. doi:10.1098/rstl.1865.0008. S2CID 186207827. (This article accompanied an 8 December 1864 presentation by Maxwell to the Royal Society.)
Whitehead, John B. Jr. (1901). "Review: Alternating Current Phenomena, by C. P. Steinmetz" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 7 (9): 399–408. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1901-00825-7.
Whitehead, John B. Jr. (1901). "Review: Alternating Current Phenomena, by C. P. Steinmetz" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 7 (9): 399–408. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1901-00825-7.
Ricci, Gregorio; Levi-Civita, Tullio (March 1900), "Méthodes de calcul différentiel absolu et leurs applications", Mathematische Annalen, 54 (1–2), Springer: 125–201, doi:10.1007/BF01454201, S2CID 120009332
P.A.M. Dirac (1927). "The Quantum Theory of the Emission and Absorption of Radiation". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 114 (767): 243–265. Bibcode:1927RSPSA.114..243D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0039.
E. Fermi (1932). "Quantum Theory of Radiation". Reviews of Modern Physics. 4 (1): 87–132. Bibcode:1932RvMP....4...87F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.4.87.
F. Bloch; A. Nordsieck (1937). "Note on the Radiation Field of the Electron". Physical Review. 52 (2): 54–59. Bibcode:1937PhRv...52...54B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.52.54.
V. F. Weisskopf (1939). "On the Self-Energy and the Electromagnetic Field of the Electron". Physical Review. 56 (1): 72–85. Bibcode:1939PhRv...56...72W. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.56.72.
R. Oppenheimer (1930). "Note on the Theory of the Interaction of Field and Matter". Physical Review. 35 (5): 461–477. Bibcode:1930PhRv...35..461O. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.35.461.
Veblen O. (1933). "Geometry of two-component Spinors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 19 (4): 462–474. Bibcode:1933PNAS...19..462V. doi:10.1073/pnas.19.4.462. PMC 1086023. PMID 16577541.
Dirac, P.A.M. (1939). "A new notation for quantum mechanics". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 35 (3): 416–418. Bibcode:1939PCPS...35..416D. doi:10.1017/S0305004100021162. S2CID 121466183.
Frucht, R. (1976), "A canonical representation of trivalent Hamiltonian graphs", Journal of Graph Theory, 1 (1): 45–60, doi:10.1002/jgt.3190010111

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Heath (1931). "A Manual of Greek Mathematics". Nature. 128 (3235): 5. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..739T. doi:10.1038/128739a0. S2CID 3994109.
Maxwell, James Clerk (1865). "A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 155: 459–512. Bibcode:1865RSPT..155..459M. doi:10.1098/rstl.1865.0008. S2CID 186207827. (This article accompanied an 8 December 1864 presentation by Maxwell to the Royal Society.)
P.A.M. Dirac (1927). "The Quantum Theory of the Emission and Absorption of Radiation". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 114 (767): 243–265. Bibcode:1927RSPSA.114..243D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0039.
E. Fermi (1932). "Quantum Theory of Radiation". Reviews of Modern Physics. 4 (1): 87–132. Bibcode:1932RvMP....4...87F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.4.87.
F. Bloch; A. Nordsieck (1937). "Note on the Radiation Field of the Electron". Physical Review. 52 (2): 54–59. Bibcode:1937PhRv...52...54B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.52.54.
V. F. Weisskopf (1939). "On the Self-Energy and the Electromagnetic Field of the Electron". Physical Review. 56 (1): 72–85. Bibcode:1939PhRv...56...72W. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.56.72.
R. Oppenheimer (1930). "Note on the Theory of the Interaction of Field and Matter". Physical Review. 35 (5): 461–477. Bibcode:1930PhRv...35..461O. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.35.461.
Veblen O. (1933). "Geometry of two-component Spinors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 19 (4): 462–474. Bibcode:1933PNAS...19..462V. doi:10.1073/pnas.19.4.462. PMC 1086023. PMID 16577541.
Dirac, P.A.M. (1939). "A new notation for quantum mechanics". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 35 (3): 416–418. Bibcode:1939PCPS...35..416D. doi:10.1017/S0305004100021162. S2CID 121466183.

ieeeghn.org

"James Clerk Maxwell". IEEE Global History Network. Retrieved 25 March 2013.

jsoftware.com

code.jsoftware.com

McDonnell, Eugene, ed. (1981), A Source Book in APL, Introduction, APL Press, retrieved 19 April 2016

metu.edu.tr

"Mathematics in Egypt and Mesopotamia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2013.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Veblen O. (1933). "Geometry of two-component Spinors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 19 (4): 462–474. Bibcode:1933PNAS...19..462V. doi:10.1073/pnas.19.4.462. PMC 1086023. PMID 16577541.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Veblen O. (1933). "Geometry of two-component Spinors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 19 (4): 462–474. Bibcode:1933PNAS...19..462V. doi:10.1073/pnas.19.4.462. PMC 1086023. PMID 16577541.

psu.edu

psupress.psu.edu

"Frank J. Swetz and T. I. Kao: Was Pythagoras Chinese?". Psupress.psu.edu. Retrieved 24 June 2014.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Heath (1931). "A Manual of Greek Mathematics". Nature. 128 (3235): 5. Bibcode:1931Natur.128..739T. doi:10.1038/128739a0. S2CID 3994109.
Maxwell, James Clerk (1865). "A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 155: 459–512. Bibcode:1865RSPT..155..459M. doi:10.1098/rstl.1865.0008. S2CID 186207827. (This article accompanied an 8 December 1864 presentation by Maxwell to the Royal Society.)
Ricci, Gregorio; Levi-Civita, Tullio (March 1900), "Méthodes de calcul différentiel absolu et leurs applications", Mathematische Annalen, 54 (1–2), Springer: 125–201, doi:10.1007/BF01454201, S2CID 120009332
Dirac, P.A.M. (1939). "A new notation for quantum mechanics". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 35 (3): 416–418. Bibcode:1939PCPS...35..416D. doi:10.1017/S0305004100021162. S2CID 121466183.

st-and.ac.uk

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"Archimedes of Syracuse". The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. January 1999. Retrieved 9 June 2008.
O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (November 2000). "Indian numerals". Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2014. "The ingenious method of expressing every possible number using a set of ten symbols (each symbol having a place value and an absolute value) emerged in India. The idea seems so simple nowadays that its significance and profound importance is no longer appreciated. Its simplicity lies in the way it facilitated calculation and placed arithmetic foremost amongst useful inventions. the importance of this invention is more readily appreciated when one considers that it was beyond the two greatest men of Antiquity, Archimedes and Apollonius." – Pierre-Simon Laplace
"Kramp biography". History.mcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 June 2014.

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O'Connor, J.J.; Robertson, E.F. (February 1996). "A history of calculus". University of St Andrews. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2007.
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O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "al-Marrakushi ibn Al-Banna", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu'l Hasan ibn Ali al Qalasadi", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews

stlawu.edu

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Melville, Duncan J. (28 August 2003). "Third Millennium Chronology". stlawu.edu. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2025.

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Schouten, Jan A. (1924). R. Courant (ed.). Der Ricci-Kalkül – Eine Einführung in die neueren Methoden und Probleme der mehrdimensionalen Differentialgeometrie (Ricci Calculus – An introduction in the latest methods and problems in multi-dimensional differential geometry). Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften (in German). Vol. 10. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

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Vitulli, Marie. "A Brief History of Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory". Department of Mathematics. University of Oregon. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.

web.archive.org

Melville, Duncan J. (28 August 2003). "Third Millennium Chronology". stlawu.edu. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
"Mathematics in Egypt and Mesopotamia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
O'Connor, J.J.; Robertson, E.F. (February 1996). "A history of calculus". University of St Andrews. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2007.
"Proclus' Summary". Gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
O'Connor, J. J.; Robertson, E. F. (November 2000). "Indian numerals". Archived from the original on 22 October 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2014. "The ingenious method of expressing every possible number using a set of ten symbols (each symbol having a place value and an absolute value) emerged in India. The idea seems so simple nowadays that its significance and profound importance is no longer appreciated. Its simplicity lies in the way it facilitated calculation and placed arithmetic foremost amongst useful inventions. the importance of this invention is more readily appreciated when one considers that it was beyond the two greatest men of Antiquity, Archimedes and Apollonius." – Pierre-Simon Laplace
Vitulli, Marie. "A Brief History of Linear Algebra and Matrix Theory". Department of Mathematics. University of Oregon. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2012.

wikimedia.org

upload.wikimedia.org

Maxwell, James Clerk (1865). "A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field" (PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 155: 459–512. Bibcode:1865RSPT..155..459M. doi:10.1098/rstl.1865.0008. S2CID 186207827. (This article accompanied an 8 December 1864 presentation by Maxwell to the Royal Society.)

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mathworld.wolfram.com

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zenodo.org

Ricci, Gregorio; Levi-Civita, Tullio (March 1900), "Méthodes de calcul différentiel absolu et leurs applications", Mathematische Annalen, 54 (1–2), Springer: 125–201, doi:10.1007/BF01454201, S2CID 120009332