History of the Jews in Hungary (English Wikipedia)

Longerich, Peter (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 408. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5.
Büchler, Alexander (1904). "Hungary". In Singer, Isidore (ed.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York and London: Funk and Wagnalls Co. pp. 494–503.

bbc.co.uk

Thomson, Mike (November 13, 2012). "Could the BBC have done more to help Hungarian Jews?". BBC. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018.

betekinto.hu

Betekintő. "A few thousand of the deportees ..." Betekinto.hu. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

bh.org.il

dbs.bh.org.il

"The Jews of Hungary". Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from the original on July 29, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2018.

books.google.com

Yehuda Bauer (1981). American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939–1945. Wayne State University Press. p. 354. ISBN 0-8143-1672-7.
Horthy, Admiral Nicholas (2000). Admiral Nicholas Horthy Memoirs. Nicholas Horthy, Miklós Horthy, Andrew L. Simon, Nicholas Roosevelt (illustrated ed.). Simon Publications LLC. p. 348. ISBN 0-9665734-3-9.
Yehuda Bauer (1981). American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939–1945. Wayne State University Press. p. 415. ISBN 0-8143-1672-7.
Mazurkiewicz, Anna (May 6, 2019). East Central European Migrations During the Cold War: A Handbook. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110610635.
Navon, Emmanuel (November 2020). The Star and the Scepter: A Diplomatic History of Israel. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780827618589.

britannica.com

"Ottoman Empire - Turkmen Nomads, Standing Army, Kapıkulu, and Janissaries | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved June 12, 2023.

budapest.com

"Jewish Budapest – Budapest Jewish Population, History, Sights". Archived from the original on February 25, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.

cbs.gov.il

www1.cbs.gov.il

"Immigration to Israel from the establishment of the state in 1948 until 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 9, 2014.

countrystudies.us

"Hungary – Social Changes". Countrystudies.us. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.

csillagoshazak.hu

"Csillagos házak". Archived from the original on April 11, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2014.

danubeinstitute.hu

Farkas, Dániel (January 9, 2025). "Hungary, Soviet Jewish Refugees, and the Making of a New Geopolitical Identity, 1989-1991". Danube Institute. Retrieved June 25, 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

degob.hu

"Death trains in 1944: the Kassa list". Degob.hu. May 15, 1944. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"(Deportáltakat Gondozó Országos Bizottság)". Degob.hu. March 19, 1944. Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

degob.org

"degob.org". degob.org. August 28, 1941. Archived from the original on March 9, 2007. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

digitaljournal.com

Myles, Robert (February 9, 2013). "Hungary: A new synagogue for Budapest but anti-Semitism on rise". Digital Journal. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.

doi.org

Kovacs, Andras (April 2010). "Jews and Jewishness in Post-war Hungary". Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History (1). doi:10.48248/issn.2037-741X/723.

graphicwitness.org

"Mihály Biró". Graphic Witness. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"Mihály Biró". Graphic Witness. Archived from the original on August 10, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

haaretz.com

Fogelman, Shay (September 28, 2011). "From the second half of the 19th century the surviving Szekler Sabbatarians intermarried with Jews". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

holokausztmagyarorszagon.hu

A holocaust Magyarországon: A deportálások leállítása Archived July 9, 2006, at the Wayback Machine (in Hungarian; retrieved September 11, 2006)

iif.hu

mek.iif.hu

"Pallas lexikona". Mek.iif.hu. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

jdc.org

"Jewish Life Takes to the Streets at Hungary's Celebrated Judafest". Jewish Federation of North America. May 9, 2012. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.

jewishdatabank.org

"World Jewish Population, 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2012.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

Robert J. Hanyok (2004). "Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939–1945" (PDF). National Security Agency, United States Cryptologic History. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016.

jta.org

Jordan, Michael J. (October 25, 2006). "1956 crises decimated two Jewish communities, in Hungary and Egypt". Jewish Telegraphic Agency.

ksh.hu

"Hungarian census 2011 / Országos adatok (National data) / 2.1.7 A népesség vallás, felekezet és fontosabb demográfiai ismérvek szerint (Population by religion, denomination combined by main demographical data) (Hungarian)". Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
"In addition, 56.8% of the people of Budapest were atheists, non-religious or did not want to answer the question about their religion" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 18, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
"Magyar Statisztikai Szemle Jan–March 1944". Ksh.hu. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

portal.ksh.hu

In addition, 35.6% of the people of Budapest were atheists, non-religious or did not want to answer the question about their religion^{[permanent dead link]}

loc.gov

"Hungary Expels Jews". The Washington Times. Washington DC. August 26, 1918. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
"Winston Churchill to Anthony Eden, July 11, 1944". Churchill Papers, Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge.

mazsihisz.hu

"Mai születésnapos: Horn Gyula, egy zsidó munkásfiú és miniszterelnök és még egy meglepetés". Mazsihisz. 2017. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020.

nepszamlalas.hu

"Population by denomination, 2001 census". Nepszamlalas.hu. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

niif.hu

mek.niif.hu

"0479.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"0400.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"0563.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"0570.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"0571.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

nizkor.org

transcripts of his entire trial online: http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/ Archived September 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

npl.org

"Spared Lives: The Actions of Three Portuguese Diplomats During World War II". The Newark Public Library. August 24, 2000. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2009.

nytimes.com

Kulish, Nicholas (December 30, 2007). "Out of Darkness, New Life". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2017.

oszk.hu

epa.oszk.hu

Tamás Stark (1993). "A magyar zsidóság a vészkorszakban és a második világháború után" (PDF). Regio – Kisebbség, politika, társadalom. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 29, 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2009.

quest-cdecjournal.it

Kovacs, Andras (April 2010). "Jews and Jewishness in Post-war Hungary". Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History (1). doi:10.48248/issn.2037-741X/723.

rferl.org

Braham, Randolph L. (October 31, 2001). "Hungary and the Holocaust: The Nationalist Drive To Whitewash The Past (Part 2)". Radio Free Europe. Archived from the original on January 21, 2020.

rubicon.hu

László Sebők (2012). "A magyarországi zsidók a számok tükrében". Rubicon. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018.

sympatico.ca

www3.sympatico.ca

"Kanada és a magyar zsidó menekültek (1956–1957)". .sympatico.ca. December 31, 1957. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

tankonyvtar.hu

Péter Sipos, Horthy Miklós és Magyarország német megszállása Archived April 20, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, História (volume 04), 1994

u-szeged.hu

bibl.u-szeged.hu

"N?PSZ?ml?l?sok Erd?ly ter?let?n 1850 ?s 1910 k?z?tt". www.bibl.u-szeged.hu. Archived from the original on February 7, 2019.

univie.ac.at

medienportal.univie.ac.at

"Archaeological sensation in Austria. Scientists from the University of Vienna unearth the earliest evidence of Jewish inhabitants in Austria," (March 13, 2008) Universität Wien: Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Veranstaltungsmanagement (University of Vienna: Public relations and Event management).

ushmm.org

"Auschwitz: Chronology". Ushmm.org. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

vokscentrum.hu

"VoksCentrum – a választások univerzuma". Vokscentrum.hu. Archived from the original on July 27, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"VoksCentrum – a választások univerzuma". Vokscentrum.hu. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

web.archive.org

"World Jewish Population, 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
"Jewish Life Takes to the Streets at Hungary's Celebrated Judafest". Jewish Federation of North America. May 9, 2012. Archived from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
Myles, Robert (February 9, 2013). "Hungary: A new synagogue for Budapest but anti-Semitism on rise". Digital Journal. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
"Hungarian census 2011 / Országos adatok (National data) / 2.1.7 A népesség vallás, felekezet és fontosabb demográfiai ismérvek szerint (Population by religion, denomination combined by main demographical data) (Hungarian)". Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
"Immigration to Israel from the establishment of the state in 1948 until 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
László Sebők (2012). "A magyarországi zsidók a számok tükrében". Rubicon. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
"Jewish Budapest – Budapest Jewish Population, History, Sights". Archived from the original on February 25, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
Kulish, Nicholas (December 30, 2007). "Out of Darkness, New Life". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
Fogelman, Shay (September 28, 2011). "From the second half of the 19th century the surviving Szekler Sabbatarians intermarried with Jews". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"The Jews of Hungary". Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from the original on July 29, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
"N?PSZ?ml?l?sok Erd?ly ter?let?n 1850 ?s 1910 k?z?tt". www.bibl.u-szeged.hu. Archived from the original on February 7, 2019.
"0479.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"0400.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"Hungary – Social Changes". Countrystudies.us. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2013.
Peter Bihari (2016): Aspects of Anti-Semitism in Hungary 1915-1918
"0563.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"0570.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"0571.png". Mek.niif.hu. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"In addition, 56.8% of the people of Budapest were atheists, non-religious or did not want to answer the question about their religion" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 18, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
"Mihály Biró". Graphic Witness. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"Mihály Biró". Graphic Witness. Archived from the original on August 10, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"VoksCentrum – a választások univerzuma". Vokscentrum.hu. Archived from the original on July 27, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"VoksCentrum – a választások univerzuma". Vokscentrum.hu. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"Magyar Statisztikai Szemle Jan–March 1944". Ksh.hu. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"degob.org". degob.org. August 28, 1941. Archived from the original on March 9, 2007. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
Betekintő. "A few thousand of the deportees ..." Betekinto.hu. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
Thomson, Mike (November 13, 2012). "Could the BBC have done more to help Hungarian Jews?". BBC. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018.
Kathryn Berman and Asaf Tal. ""The Uneasy Closeness to Ourselves": Interview with Dr. Götz Aly, German Historian and Journalist". Yad Vashem, The International School for Holocaust Studies. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
"Murder of the Jews of Romania". www.yadvashem.org. Archived from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
transcripts of his entire trial online: http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/ Archived September 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
A holocaust Magyarországon: A deportálások leállítása Archived July 9, 2006, at the Wayback Machine (in Hungarian; retrieved September 11, 2006)
Péter Sipos, Horthy Miklós és Magyarország német megszállása Archived April 20, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, História (volume 04), 1994
"Death trains in 1944: the Kassa list". Degob.hu. May 15, 1944. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"Auschwitz: Chronology". Ushmm.org. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"The Auschwitz Album". yadvashem.org. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"(Deportáltakat Gondozó Országos Bizottság)". Degob.hu. March 19, 1944. Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"Csillagos házak". Archived from the original on April 11, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
Robert J. Hanyok (2004). "Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939–1945" (PDF). National Security Agency, United States Cryptologic History. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016.
"Spared Lives: The Actions of Three Portuguese Diplomats During World War II". The Newark Public Library. August 24, 2000. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
Tamás Stark (1993). "A magyar zsidóság a vészkorszakban és a második világháború után" (PDF). Regio – Kisebbség, politika, társadalom. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 29, 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
"YIVO | Population and Migration: Population since World War I". Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
"YIVO | Hungary: Hungary from 1918 to 1945". Archived from the original on January 28, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
"Kanada és a magyar zsidó menekültek (1956–1957)". .sympatico.ca. December 31, 1957. Archived from the original on August 19, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
"Mai születésnapos: Horn Gyula, egy zsidó munkásfiú és miniszterelnök és még egy meglepetés". Mazsihisz. 2017. Archived from the original on October 26, 2020.
"Hungary Country Commercial Guide FY2001 Executive Summary". Factbook.net. Archived from the original on March 1, 2005.
Braham, Randolph L. (October 31, 2001). "Hungary and the Holocaust: The Nationalist Drive To Whitewash The Past (Part 2)". Radio Free Europe. Archived from the original on January 21, 2020.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Briliant, Oscar (1911). "Budapest" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 734–737, see page 736, third para, last sentence. Politically..... It has thus come to pass that there is no anti-Semitism in Budapest, although the Hebrew element is proportionately much larger (21% as compared with 9%) than it is in Vienna, the Mecca of the Jew-baiter

wiktionary.org

en.wiktionary.org

Wiktionary: zsidó

yadvashem.org

Kathryn Berman and Asaf Tal. ""The Uneasy Closeness to Ourselves": Interview with Dr. Götz Aly, German Historian and Journalist". Yad Vashem, The International School for Holocaust Studies. Archived from the original on January 16, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
"Murder of the Jews of Romania". www.yadvashem.org. Archived from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.

www1.yadvashem.org

"The Auschwitz Album". yadvashem.org. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2013.

yivoencyclopedia.org

"YIVO | Population and Migration: Population since World War I". Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
"YIVO | Hungary: Hungary from 1918 to 1945". Archived from the original on January 28, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2013.