Inbreeding (English Wikipedia)

Nabulsi MM, Tamim H, Sabbagh M, Obeid MY, Yunis KA, Bitar FF (February 2003). "Parental consanguinity and congenital heart malformations in a developing country". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 116A (4): 342–7. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.10020. PMID 12522788. S2CID 44576506.
Jiménez JA, Hughes KA, Alaks G, Graham L, Lacy RC (October 1994). "An experimental study of inbreeding depression in a natural habitat". Science. 266 (5183): 271–3. Bibcode:1994Sci...266..271J. doi:10.1126/science.7939661. PMID 7939661.
Chen X (1993). "Comparison of inbreeding and outbreeding in hermaphroditic Arianta arbustorum (L.) (land snail)". Heredity. 71 (5): 456–461. Bibcode:1993Hered..71..456C. doi:10.1038/hdy.1993.163.
Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE (September 1985). "Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex". Science. 229 (4719): 1277–81. Bibcode:1985Sci...229.1277B. doi:10.1126/science.3898363. PMID 3898363.
Lynch, Michael (1991). "The Genetic Interpretation of Inbreeding Depression and Outbreeding Depression". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 45 (3). Oregon: Society for the Study of Evolution: 622–629. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04333.x. PMID 28568822. S2CID 881556.^{[page needed]}
Whitlock MC (June 2003). "Fixation probability and time in subdivided populations". Genetics. 164 (2): 767–79. doi:10.1093/genetics/164.2.767. PMC 1462574. PMID 12807795.
Tien NS, Sabelis MW, Egas M (March 2015). "Inbreeding depression and purging in a haplodiploid: gender-related effects". Heredity. 114 (3): 327–32. Bibcode:2015Hered.114..327T. doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.106. PMC 4815584. PMID 25407077.
Peer K, Taborsky M (February 2005). "Outbreeding depression, but no inbreeding depression in haplodiploid Ambrosia beetles with regular sibling mating". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 59 (2): 317–23. doi:10.1554/04-128. PMID 15807418. S2CID 198156378.
Gulisija D, Crow JF (May 2007). "Inferring purging from pedigree data". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 61 (5): 1043–51. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00088.x. PMID 17492959. S2CID 24302475.
García C, Avila V, Quesada H, Caballero A (2012). "Gene-Expression Changes Caused by Inbreeding Protect Against Inbreeding Depression in Drosophila". Genetics. 192 (1): 161–72. doi:10.1534/genetics.112.142687. PMC 3430533. PMID 22714404.
Livingstone FB (1969). "Genetics, Ecology, and the Origins of Incest and Exogamy". Current Anthropology. 10: 45–62. doi:10.1086/201009. S2CID 84009643.
Meagher S, Penn DJ, Potts WK (March 2000). "Male-male competition magnifies inbreeding depression in wild house mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (7): 3324–9. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.3324M. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3324. PMC 16238. PMID 10716731.
Swindell WR, et al. (2006). "Selection and Inbreeding Depression: Effects of Inbreeding Rate and Inbreeding Environment". Evolution. 60 (5): 1014–1022. doi:10.1554/05-493.1. PMID 16817541. S2CID 198156086.
Lieberman D, Tooby J, Cosmides L (April 2003). "Does morality have a biological basis? An empirical test of the factors governing moral sentiments relating to incest". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 270 (1517): 819–26. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2290. PMC 1691313. PMID 12737660.
Pusey A, Wolf M (May 1996). "Inbreeding avoidance in animals". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 11 (5): 201–6. Bibcode:1996TEcoE..11..201P. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(96)10028-8. PMID 21237809.
Joly E (December 2011). "The existence of species rests on a metastable equilibrium between inbreeding and outbreeding. An essay on the close relationship between speciation, inbreeding and recessive mutations". Biology Direct. 6: 62. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-6-62. PMC 3275546. PMID 22152499.
Kingston HM (April 1989). "ABC of clinical genetics. Genetics of common disorders". BMJ. 298 (6678): 949–52. doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6678.949. PMC 1836181. PMID 2497870.
Bittles AH, Black ML (January 2010). "Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: Consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 Suppl 1 (suppl 1): 1779–86. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.1779B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906079106. PMC 2868287. PMID 19805052.
Fareed M, Afzal M (2014). "Evidence of inbreeding depression on height, weight, and body mass index: a population-based child cohort study". American Journal of Human Biology. 26 (6): 784–95. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22599. PMID 25130378. S2CID 6086127.
Fareed M, Kaisar Ahmad M, Azeem Anwar M, Afzal M (January 2017). "Impact of consanguineous marriages and degrees of inbreeding on fertility, child mortality, secondary sex ratio, selection intensity, and genetic load: a cross-sectional study from Northern India". Pediatric Research. 81 (1): 18–26. doi:10.1038/pr.2016.177. PMID 27632780.
Fareed M, Afzal M (April 2016). "Increased cardiovascular risks associated with familial inbreeding: a population-based study of adolescent cohort". Annals of Epidemiology. 26 (4): 283–92. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.03.001. PMID 27084548.
Bittles AH, Grant JC, Shami SA (June 1993). "Consanguinity as a determinant of reproductive behaviour and mortality in Pakistan". International Journal of Epidemiology (Submitted manuscript). 22 (3): 463–7. doi:10.1093/ije/22.3.463. PMID 8359962.
Kirkpatrick M, Jarne P (February 2000). "The Effects of a Bottleneck on Inbreeding Depression and the Genetic Load". The American Naturalist. 155 (2): 154–167. Bibcode:2000ANat..155..154K. doi:10.1086/303312. PMID 10686158. S2CID 4375158.
Gilbert DA, Packer C, Pusey AE, Stephens JC, O'Brien SJ (1991-10-01). "Analytical DNA fingerprinting in lions: parentage, genetic diversity, and kinship". The Journal of Heredity. 82 (5): 378–86. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111107. PMID 1940281.
Ramel, C (1998). "Biodiversity and intraspecific genetic variation". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 70 (11): 2079–2084. doi:10.1351/pac199870112079. S2CID 27867275.
Kenyon, Karl W. (August 1969). "The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean". North American Fauna. 68: 13. Bibcode:1969usgs.rept...13K. doi:10.3996/nafa.68.0001.
Bodkin JL, Ballachey BE, Cronin MA, Scribner KT (December 1999). "Population Demographics and Genetic Diversity in Remnant and Translocated Populations of Sea Otters". Conservation Biology. 13 (6): 1378–85. Bibcode:1999ConBi..13.1378B. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98124.x. S2CID 86833574.
Wielebnowski, Nadja (1996). "Reassessing the relationship between juvenile mortality and genetic monomorphism in captive cheetahs". Zoo Biology. 15 (4): 353–369. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:4<353::AID-ZOO1>3.0.CO;2-A.
Wright S (1922). "Coefficients of inbreeding and relationship". American Naturalist. 56 (645): 330–338. Bibcode:1922ANat...56..330W. doi:10.1086/279872. S2CID 83865141.
Reynolds J, Weir BS, Cockerham CC (November 1983). "Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: basis for a short-term genetic distance". Genetics. 105 (3): 767–79. doi:10.1093/genetics/105.3.767. PMC 1202185. PMID 17246175.
Casas AM, Igartua E, Valles MP, Molina-Cano JL (November 1998). "Genetic diversity of barley cultivars grown in Spain, estimated by RFLP, similarity and coancestry coefficients". Plant Breeding. 117 (5): 429–35. Bibcode:1998PBree.117..429C. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01968.x. hdl:10261/121301.
García-Cortés LA, Martínez-Ávila JC, Toro MA (2010-05-16). "Fine decomposition of the inbreeding and the coancestry coefficients by using the tabular method". Conservation Genetics. 11 (5): 1945–52. Bibcode:2010ConG...11.1945G. doi:10.1007/s10592-010-0084-x. S2CID 2636127.
Nichols HJ, Cant MA, Hoffman JI, Sanderson JL (December 2014). "Evidence for frequent incest in a cooperatively breeding mammal". Biology Letters. 10 (12) 20140898. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0898. PMC 4298196. PMID 25540153.
Loyau A, Cornuau JH, Clobert J, Danchin E (2012). "Incestuous sisters: mate preference for brothers over unrelated males in Drosophila melanogaster". PLOS ONE. 7 (12) e51293. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...751293L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051293. PMC 3519633. PMID 23251487.
Gardner A, Ross L (August 2011). "The evolution of hermaphroditism by an infectious male-derived cell lineage: an inclusive-fitness analysis" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 178 (2): 191–201. Bibcode:2011ANat..178..191G. doi:10.1086/660823. hdl:10023/5096. PMID 21750383. S2CID 15361433.
Bosse, Mirte; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Derks, Martijn F. L.; Cara, Ángeles M. R.; Groenen, Martien A. M. (2019). "Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection". Evolutionary Applications. 12 (1): 6–17. Bibcode:2019EvApp..12....6B. doi:10.1111/eva.12691. PMC 6304688. PMID 30622631.
Smith, Lauren M.; Hartmann, Sabine; Munteanu, Alexandru M.; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Quinnell, Rupert J.; Collins, Lisa M. (22 November 2019). "The Effectiveness of Dog Population Management: A Systematic Review". Animals. 9 (12): 1020. doi:10.3390/ani9121020. PMC 6940938. PMID 31766746.
Taft, R; Davisson, M; Wiles, M (December 2006). "Know Thy Mouse (Opinion)". Trends in Genetics. 22 (12): 649–653. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.09.010.
Hamamy H (July 2012). "Consanguineous marriages: Preconception consultation in primary health care settings". Journal of Community Genetics. 3 (3): 185–92. doi:10.1007/s12687-011-0072-y. PMC 3419292. PMID 22109912.
Reed, David H.; Lowe, Edwin H.; Briscoe, David A.; Frankham, Richard (2003-05-01). "Inbreeding and extinction: Effects of rate of inbreeding". Conservation Genetics. 4 (3): 405–410. Bibcode:2003ConG....4..405R. doi:10.1023/A:1024081416729. ISSN 1572-9737.
Woodley, Michael A (2009). "Inbreeding depression and IQ in a study of 72 countries". Intelligence. 37 (3): 268–276. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.10.007.
Kamin, Leon J (1980). "Inbreeding depression and IQ". Psychological Bulletin. 87 (3): 469–478. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.87.3.469. PMID 7384341.
de Boer, Raïssa A.; Vega-Trejo, Regina; Kotrschal, Alexander; Fitzpatrick, John L. (July 2021). "Meta-analytic evidence that animals rarely avoid inbreeding". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 5 (7): 949–964. Bibcode:2021NatEE...5..949D. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01453-9. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 33941905. S2CID 233718913.
Tadmouri GO, Nair P, Obeid T, Al Ali MT, Al Khaja N, Hamamy HA (October 2009). "Consanguinity and reproductive health among Arabs". Reproductive Health. 6 (1) 17. doi:10.1186/1742-4755-6-17. PMC 2765422. PMID 19811666.
Roberts DF (November 1967). "Incest, inbreeding and mental abilities". British Medical Journal. 4 (5575): 336–7. doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5575.336. PMC 1748728. PMID 6053617.
Van Den Berghe, Pierre L (2010). "Human inbreeding avoidance: Culture in nature". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 6: 91–102. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00014850. S2CID 146133244.
Ober C, Hyslop T, Hauck WW (January 1999). "Inbreeding effects on fertility in humans: evidence for reproductive compensation". American Journal of Human Genetics. 64 (1): 225–31. doi:10.1086/302198. PMC 1377721. PMID 9915962.
Morton NE (August 1978). "Effect of inbreeding on IQ and mental retardation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 75 (8): 3906–8. Bibcode:1978PNAS...75.3906M. doi:10.1073/pnas.75.8.3906. PMC 392897. PMID 279005.
Bittles AH, Grant JC, Sullivan SG, Hussain R (2002-01-01). "Does inbreeding lead to decreased human fertility?". Annals of Human Biology. 29 (2): 111–30. doi:10.1080/03014460110075657. PMID 11874619. S2CID 31317976.
Diamond JM (1987). "Causes of death before birth". Nature. 329 (6139): 487–8. Bibcode:1987Natur.329..487D. doi:10.1038/329487a0. PMID 3657971. S2CID 4338257.
Stoltenberg C, Magnus P, Skrondal A, Lie RT (April 1999). "Consanguinity and recurrence risk of stillbirth and infant death". American Journal of Public Health. 89 (4): 517–23. doi:10.2105/ajph.89.4.517. PMC 1508879. PMID 10191794.
Khlat M (December 1989). "Inbreeding effects on fetal growth in Beirut, Lebanon". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 80 (4): 481–4. Bibcode:1989AJPA...80..481K. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330800407. PMID 2603950.
Agarwala, Richa; Schäffer, Alejandro A.; Tomlin, James F. (2001). "Towards a Complete North American Anabaptist Genealogy II: Analysis of Inbreeding". Human Biology. 73 (4). Wayne State University Press: 533–545. doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0045. ISSN 0018-7143. JSTOR 41466828. PMID 11512680.
Girotto G, Mezzavilla M, Abdulhadi K, Vuckovic D, Vozzi D, Khalifa Alkowari M, Gasparini P, Badii R (2014-01-01). "Consanguinity and hereditary hearing loss in Qatar". Human Heredity. 77 (1–4): 175–82. doi:10.1159/000360475. hdl:11577/3455561. PMID 25060281.

dur.ac.uk (Global: 3,454^th place; English: 2,094^th place)

Freilich S, Hoelzel AR, Choudhury SR. "Genetic diversity and population genetic structure in the South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)" (PDF). Department of Anthropology and School of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, U.K.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Casas AM, Igartua E, Valles MP, Molina-Cano JL (November 1998). "Genetic diversity of barley cultivars grown in Spain, estimated by RFLP, similarity and coancestry coefficients". Plant Breeding. 117 (5): 429–35. Bibcode:1998PBree.117..429C. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01968.x. hdl:10261/121301.
Gardner A, Ross L (August 2011). "The evolution of hermaphroditism by an infectious male-derived cell lineage: an inclusive-fitness analysis" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 178 (2): 191–201. Bibcode:2011ANat..178..191G. doi:10.1086/660823. hdl:10023/5096. PMID 21750383. S2CID 15361433.
Girotto G, Mezzavilla M, Abdulhadi K, Vuckovic D, Vozzi D, Khalifa Alkowari M, Gasparini P, Badii R (2014-01-01). "Consanguinity and hereditary hearing loss in Qatar". Human Heredity. 77 (1–4): 175–82. doi:10.1159/000360475. hdl:11577/3455561. PMID 25060281.

icam-coalition.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Evidence Against Culling Dogs and Cats". www.icam-coalition.org. International Companion Animal Management Coalition (ICAM). Retrieved 2025-12-26.

icatcare.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Polycystic kidney disease | International Cat Care". icatcare.org. Retrieved 2016-07-08.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Leck CF (1980). "Establishment of New Population Centers with Changes in Migration Patterns" (PDF). Journal of Field Ornithology. 51 (2): 168–173. JSTOR 4512538.
Agarwala, Richa; Schäffer, Alejandro A.; Tomlin, James F. (2001). "Towards a Complete North American Anabaptist Genealogy II: Analysis of Inbreeding". Human Biology. 73 (4). Wayne State University Press: 533–545. doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0045. ISSN 0018-7143. JSTOR 41466828. PMID 11512680.

kvl.dk (Global: low place; English: low place)

husdyr.kvl.dk

Christensen, Knud. "4.5 Calculation of inbreeding and relationship, the tabular method". Genetic calculation applets and other programs. Genetics pages. Archived from the original on 2010-03-27. Retrieved 2010-10-07.

laboratoryequipment.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Insect Incest Produces Healthy Offspring". www.laboratoryequipment.com. 8 December 2011. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

missouri.edu (Global: 423^rd place; English: 3,118^th place)

extension.missouri.edu

"G2036 Culling the Commercial Cow Herd: BIF Fact Sheet, MU Extension". extension.missouri.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-04-16. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
Vogt, Dale; Swartz, Helen A.; Massey, John (October 1993). "Inbreeding: Its Meaning, Uses and Effects on Farm Animals". MU Extension. University of Missouri. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2011.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

news.nationalgeographic.com

Than, Ker (16 February 2010). "King Tut Mysteries Solved: Was Disabled, Malarial, and Inbred". news.nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2010-02-18.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Nabulsi MM, Tamim H, Sabbagh M, Obeid MY, Yunis KA, Bitar FF (February 2003). "Parental consanguinity and congenital heart malformations in a developing country". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 116A (4): 342–7. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.10020. PMID 12522788. S2CID 44576506.
Jiménez JA, Hughes KA, Alaks G, Graham L, Lacy RC (October 1994). "An experimental study of inbreeding depression in a natural habitat". Science. 266 (5183): 271–3. Bibcode:1994Sci...266..271J. doi:10.1126/science.7939661. PMID 7939661.
Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE (September 1985). "Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex". Science. 229 (4719): 1277–81. Bibcode:1985Sci...229.1277B. doi:10.1126/science.3898363. PMID 3898363.
Lynch, Michael (1991). "The Genetic Interpretation of Inbreeding Depression and Outbreeding Depression". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 45 (3). Oregon: Society for the Study of Evolution: 622–629. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04333.x. PMID 28568822. S2CID 881556.^{[page needed]}
Whitlock MC (June 2003). "Fixation probability and time in subdivided populations". Genetics. 164 (2): 767–79. doi:10.1093/genetics/164.2.767. PMC 1462574. PMID 12807795.
Tien NS, Sabelis MW, Egas M (March 2015). "Inbreeding depression and purging in a haplodiploid: gender-related effects". Heredity. 114 (3): 327–32. Bibcode:2015Hered.114..327T. doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.106. PMC 4815584. PMID 25407077.
Peer K, Taborsky M (February 2005). "Outbreeding depression, but no inbreeding depression in haplodiploid Ambrosia beetles with regular sibling mating". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 59 (2): 317–23. doi:10.1554/04-128. PMID 15807418. S2CID 198156378.
Gulisija D, Crow JF (May 2007). "Inferring purging from pedigree data". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 61 (5): 1043–51. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00088.x. PMID 17492959. S2CID 24302475.
García C, Avila V, Quesada H, Caballero A (2012). "Gene-Expression Changes Caused by Inbreeding Protect Against Inbreeding Depression in Drosophila". Genetics. 192 (1): 161–72. doi:10.1534/genetics.112.142687. PMC 3430533. PMID 22714404.
Meagher S, Penn DJ, Potts WK (March 2000). "Male-male competition magnifies inbreeding depression in wild house mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (7): 3324–9. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.3324M. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.7.3324. PMC 16238. PMID 10716731.
Swindell WR, et al. (2006). "Selection and Inbreeding Depression: Effects of Inbreeding Rate and Inbreeding Environment". Evolution. 60 (5): 1014–1022. doi:10.1554/05-493.1. PMID 16817541. S2CID 198156086.
Lieberman D, Tooby J, Cosmides L (April 2003). "Does morality have a biological basis? An empirical test of the factors governing moral sentiments relating to incest". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 270 (1517): 819–26. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2290. PMC 1691313. PMID 12737660.
Pusey A, Wolf M (May 1996). "Inbreeding avoidance in animals". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 11 (5): 201–6. Bibcode:1996TEcoE..11..201P. doi:10.1016/0169-5347(96)10028-8. PMID 21237809.
Joly E (December 2011). "The existence of species rests on a metastable equilibrium between inbreeding and outbreeding. An essay on the close relationship between speciation, inbreeding and recessive mutations". Biology Direct. 6: 62. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-6-62. PMC 3275546. PMID 22152499.
Kingston HM (April 1989). "ABC of clinical genetics. Genetics of common disorders". BMJ. 298 (6678): 949–52. doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6678.949. PMC 1836181. PMID 2497870.
Bittles AH, Black ML (January 2010). "Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: Consanguinity, human evolution, and complex diseases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 Suppl 1 (suppl 1): 1779–86. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.1779B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0906079106. PMC 2868287. PMID 19805052.
Fareed M, Afzal M (2014). "Evidence of inbreeding depression on height, weight, and body mass index: a population-based child cohort study". American Journal of Human Biology. 26 (6): 784–95. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22599. PMID 25130378. S2CID 6086127.
Fareed M, Kaisar Ahmad M, Azeem Anwar M, Afzal M (January 2017). "Impact of consanguineous marriages and degrees of inbreeding on fertility, child mortality, secondary sex ratio, selection intensity, and genetic load: a cross-sectional study from Northern India". Pediatric Research. 81 (1): 18–26. doi:10.1038/pr.2016.177. PMID 27632780.
Fareed M, Afzal M (April 2016). "Increased cardiovascular risks associated with familial inbreeding: a population-based study of adolescent cohort". Annals of Epidemiology. 26 (4): 283–92. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.03.001. PMID 27084548.
Bittles AH, Grant JC, Shami SA (June 1993). "Consanguinity as a determinant of reproductive behaviour and mortality in Pakistan". International Journal of Epidemiology (Submitted manuscript). 22 (3): 463–7. doi:10.1093/ije/22.3.463. PMID 8359962.
Kirkpatrick M, Jarne P (February 2000). "The Effects of a Bottleneck on Inbreeding Depression and the Genetic Load". The American Naturalist. 155 (2): 154–167. Bibcode:2000ANat..155..154K. doi:10.1086/303312. PMID 10686158. S2CID 4375158.
Gilbert DA, Packer C, Pusey AE, Stephens JC, O'Brien SJ (1991-10-01). "Analytical DNA fingerprinting in lions: parentage, genetic diversity, and kinship". The Journal of Heredity. 82 (5): 378–86. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111107. PMID 1940281.
Reynolds J, Weir BS, Cockerham CC (November 1983). "Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: basis for a short-term genetic distance". Genetics. 105 (3): 767–79. doi:10.1093/genetics/105.3.767. PMC 1202185. PMID 17246175.
Nichols HJ, Cant MA, Hoffman JI, Sanderson JL (December 2014). "Evidence for frequent incest in a cooperatively breeding mammal". Biology Letters. 10 (12) 20140898. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0898. PMC 4298196. PMID 25540153.
Loyau A, Cornuau JH, Clobert J, Danchin E (2012). "Incestuous sisters: mate preference for brothers over unrelated males in Drosophila melanogaster". PLOS ONE. 7 (12) e51293. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...751293L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051293. PMC 3519633. PMID 23251487.
Gardner A, Ross L (August 2011). "The evolution of hermaphroditism by an infectious male-derived cell lineage: an inclusive-fitness analysis" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 178 (2): 191–201. Bibcode:2011ANat..178..191G. doi:10.1086/660823. hdl:10023/5096. PMID 21750383. S2CID 15361433.
Bosse, Mirte; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Derks, Martijn F. L.; Cara, Ángeles M. R.; Groenen, Martien A. M. (2019). "Deleterious alleles in the context of domestication, inbreeding, and selection". Evolutionary Applications. 12 (1): 6–17. Bibcode:2019EvApp..12....6B. doi:10.1111/eva.12691. PMC 6304688. PMID 30622631.
Smith, Lauren M.; Hartmann, Sabine; Munteanu, Alexandru M.; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Quinnell, Rupert J.; Collins, Lisa M. (22 November 2019). "The Effectiveness of Dog Population Management: A Systematic Review". Animals. 9 (12): 1020. doi:10.3390/ani9121020. PMC 6940938. PMID 31766746.
Hamamy H (July 2012). "Consanguineous marriages: Preconception consultation in primary health care settings". Journal of Community Genetics. 3 (3): 185–92. doi:10.1007/s12687-011-0072-y. PMC 3419292. PMID 22109912.
Kamin, Leon J (1980). "Inbreeding depression and IQ". Psychological Bulletin. 87 (3): 469–478. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.87.3.469. PMID 7384341.
de Boer, Raïssa A.; Vega-Trejo, Regina; Kotrschal, Alexander; Fitzpatrick, John L. (July 2021). "Meta-analytic evidence that animals rarely avoid inbreeding". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 5 (7): 949–964. Bibcode:2021NatEE...5..949D. doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01453-9. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 33941905. S2CID 233718913.
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