Incarceration in the United States (English Wikipedia)

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Renny., Golden (October 18, 2013). War on the family : mothers in prison and the families they leave behind. New York. ISBN 9781135939700. OCLC 861692996.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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Stacey, Ann Martin (2006). "Gender and the Social Costs of Sentencing: An Analysis of Sentences Imposed on Male and Female Offenders in Three U.S. District Courts". Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law. doi:10.15779/Z38F32G.

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bjs.gov

Correctional Populations in the United States, 2010^{[permanent dead link‍]} (NCJ 236319). By Lauren E. Glaze, BJS Statistician. US Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), published in December 2011. See PDF. See page 2 for explanation of the difference between number of prisoners in custody and the number under jurisdiction. See appendix table 3 for "Estimated number of inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails per 100,000 U.S. residents, by sex, race and Hispanic/Latino origin, and age, June 30, 2010". See appendix table 2 for "Inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, December 31, 2000, and 2009–2010."
Correctional Populations in the United States, 2013 (NCJ 248479). Published December 2014 by U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By Lauren E. Glaze and Danielle Kaeble, BJS Statisticians. See PDF. See page 1 "highlights" section for the "1 in ..." numbers. See table 1 on page 2 for adult numbers. See table 5 on page 6 for male and female numbers. See appendix table 5 on page 13, for "Estimated number of persons supervised by adult correctional systems, by correctional status, 2000–2013." See appendix table 2: "Inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, 2000 and 2012–2013".
Beck, Allan; Berzofsky, Marcus; Caspar, Rachel; Krebs, Christopher (May 2013). Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates, 2011–12. National Criminal Justice Reference Service.
James, Doris; Glaze, Lauren (December 14, 2006). Mental Health Problems of Prison and Jail Inmates (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Justice Programs: Bureau of Justice Statistics. pp. 1–12. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics: "Prisoners in 2012 Trends in Admissions and Releases, 1991–2012" by E. Ann Carson and Daniela Golinelli Table 11: Estimated sentenced state imprisoned people on December 31, by most serious offense and type of admission, 1991, 2001, 2006, and 2011 | December 2013
"Jail Inmates in 2016" (PDF). 2018.
"Jail Incarceration Rate Decreased" (PDF). Bureau of Justice Statistics. March 31, 2020.
Watkins (March 31, 2020). "Jail Incarceration Rate Decreased by 12 Percent" (PDF). DOJ.
Durose, Matthew (April 2014). "Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 30 States in 2005: Patterns from 2005 to 2010" (PDF). Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Correctional Populations in the United States, 2015. By Danielle Kaeble and Lauren Glaze, BJS Statisticians. Dec. 2016. Bureau of Justice Statistics. See PDF. Page 2 says: "At yearend 2015, an estimated 2,173,800 persons were either under the jurisdiction of state or federal prisons or in the custody of local jails in the United States".
Justice Expenditures and Employment, FY 1982–2007 – Statistical Tables (NCJ 236218). Published December 2011. U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By Tracey Kyckelhahn, PhD, BJS statistician. See table 2 of the PDF. "Total justice expenditures, by justice function, FY 1982–2007 (real dollars)". A total of around $74 billion for corrections in 2007.
Carson, E. Ann (2014). Prisoners in 2013 (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice. pp. 36–37, 39, 50. "Pages 36–37: White women have odds of receiving a favorable response from hiring managers that are nearly 50 percent smaller than the odds of Hispanic women with a prison record, the odds of white women with a prison record are only five percent smaller than black women’s with a prison record. Page 39: More than half—52 percent—of the positive outcomes observed during the audit benefitted the employment prospects of Hispanic women. White women received 36 percent of favorable responses. A complete breakdown of the distribution of favorable responses is reported in Table 3." Page 50: "Black men with a prison record have the most difficulty moving through the hiring process—their odds of a getting a callback for an interview or offered a job are 125 percent smaller than white male ex-prisoners. The likelihood that Hispanic men with a record will get another interview or will be offered a job is 18 percent smaller than the likelihood for white men."
Carson, E. Ann (2014). Prisoners in 2013 (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice.
Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 – Statistical Tables (NCJ 230113). Published June 2010, by U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By Heather C. West, PhD, BJS Statistician. See PDF. See tables 18 and 19. The rates are for adults. Rates per 100,000 can be converted to percentages.

bloomberg.com

Margaret Newkirk & William Selway (July 12, 2013). "Gangs Ruled Prison as For-Profit Model Put Blood on Floor." Bloomberg. Retrieved July 16, 2013.

bmj.com

jech.bmj.com

Binswanger, I. A.; Krueger, P. M.; Steiner, J. F. (November 1, 2009). "Prevalence of chronic medical conditions among jail and prison inmates in the USA compared with the general population". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 63 (11): 912–919. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.090662. ISSN 0143-005X. PMID 19648129. S2CID 206990171.

books.google.com

Christianson, Scott (October 19, 2000). With Liberty for Some: 500 Years of Imprisonment in America. UPNE. ISBN 9781555534684. Spanish soldiers in 1570 erected the first substantial prison, at St. Augustine, Florida.
Christianson, Scott (October 19, 2000). With Liberty for Some: 500 Years of Imprisonment in America. UPNE. ISBN 9781555534684.
Barbara H. Zaitzow; Jim Thomas (2003). Women in Prison: Gender and Social Control. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. vii. ISBN 978-1-58826-228-8.
Cyndi Banks (2003). Women in Prison: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-1-57607-929-4.
Haymes, Stephen N.; de Haymes, María V.; Miller, Reuben J., eds. (2015). The Routledge Handbook of Poverty in the United States. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 346, 389. ISBN 978-0-41-567344-0.
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Applebaum, Anne (2003). Gulag: a history. By Anne Applebaum. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-7679-0056-0.
Selman, Donna and Paul Leighton (2010). Punishment for Sale: Private Prisons, Big Business, and the Incarceration Binge. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 1442201738 p. xi
Marie Gottschalk. Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics. Princeton University Press, 2014. p. 70
Selman, Donna and Paul Leighton (2010). Punishment for Sale: Private Prisons, Big Business, and the Incarceration Binge. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 1442201738 p. 78
McCollum, William (1996). Federal Prison Industries, Inc: Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives. DIANE Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7567-0060-7.
Marie Gottschalk. Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics. Princeton University Press, 2014. p. 61
Marie Gottschalk. Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics. Princeton University Press, 2014. p. 10

bop.gov

"BOP: Population Statistics". www.bop.gov. Retrieved July 7, 2023.

brandeis.edu

heller.brandeis.edu

Strait, Abigail; Eaton, Susan (2016). "Post-Secondary Education for People in Prison" (PDF). Social Justice Funders Opportunity Brief. 1 – via The Sillerman Center for the Advancement of Philanthropy.

brennancenter.org

Cullen, James (January 18, 2017). "The United States is (Very) Slowly Reducing Incarceration". Brennan Center of Justice.

ca.gov

lao.ca.gov

"Improving California's Prison Inmate Classification System". lao.ca.gov. California Legislative Analyst's Office. May 2, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2024.
California Criminal Justice FAQ: How much does it cost to incarcerate an inmate? California Legislative Analyst's Office.

cdcr.ca.gov

"California Prison Reform and Rehabilitation". California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Archived from the original on February 18, 2011. Retrieved May 9, 2011.

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catalyst-journal.com

Clegg, John; Usmani, Adaner (2019). "The Economic Origins of Mass Incarceration". Catalyst. 3 (3): 53.

cdc.gov

Wallace M; Hagan L; Curran KG; et al. (May 15, 2020). "COVID-19 in Correctional and Detention Facilities — United States, February–April 2020". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69 (19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 587–590. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6919e1. PMID 32407300. Archived from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020. Among 37 jurisdictions reporting, 32 (86%) reported at least one confirmed COVID-19 case among incarcerated or detained persons or staff members, across 420 correctional and detention facilities. As of April 21, 2020, 4,893 cases and 88 deaths among incarcerated and detained persons and 2,778 cases and 15 deaths among staff members have been reported.

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Population Clock. U.S. Census Bureau. 321,032,786 people in the US on June 30, 2015.

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Schmitt, John; Warner, Kris (2010). Ex-Offenders and the Labor Market (PDF). Center for Economic and Policy Research.

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"POP1 Child population: Number of children (in millions) ages 0–17 in the United States by age, 1950–2017 and projected 2018–2050". www.childstats.gov. Retrieved October 21, 2018.

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Jewkes, Yvonne (2014). ""Green" prisons: rethinking the "sustainability" of the carceral state". Geographica Helvetica. 69 (5): 345–353 – via Copernicus Publications.

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18 U.S.C. § 3582(a)

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Thomas, Christopher (2022). "The Racialized Consequences of Jail Incarceration on Local Labor Markets". Race and Justice: 1–23. doi:10.1177/21533687221101209. S2CID 248899951. Retrieved June 2, 2022.

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Alabama Guards Stage Work Strike Months After Prisoner Uprising at Overcrowded Holman Facility. Democracy Now! September 28, 2016.
READ: Matt Taibbi on "The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap". Democracy Now! April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.

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Genevieve LeBaron and Adrienne Roberts (March 2012). "Confining Social Insecurity: Neoliberalism and the Rise of the 21st Century Debtors' Prison". Politics & Gender. 8 (1): 25–49. doi:10.1017/S1743923X12000062. S2CID 145437287.
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