Internet censorship (English Wikipedia)

Taye, B. (2020). Targeted, Cut Off, and Left in the DarkThe #KeepItOn Report on internet shutdowns in 2019. Access Now. https://www.accessnow.org/keepiton/
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aljazeera.com

Ritzen, Yarno (26 January 2018). "Cameroon internet shutdowns cost Anglophones millions". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

americaninbeijing.blogspot.com

Lao Wai (21 October 2007). "I've Been Rivercrabbed!". An American in Beijing. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2011.

amnesty.org

China: Controls tighten as Internet activism grows Archived 25 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine "Cisco Systems, Microsoft, Nortel Networks, Websense and Sun Microsystems", citing Amnesty International: People's Republic of China: State Control of the Internet in China, ASA, 17/007/2002, November 2002.

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

"Why Malware Filtering Is Necessary in the Web Gateway". Gartner. 26 August 2008. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

archive.today

"Blog censorship gains support". CNET. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2015.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"China blocking Google". BBC News. 2 September 2002. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
"BBC Internet Poll: Detailed Findings" Archived 1 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine, BBC World Service, 8 March 2010
"Internet access is 'a fundamental right'" Archived 7 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 8 March 2010

bbc.com

"EU court backs 'right to be forgotten' in Google case". BBC News. 13 May 2014. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
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"Ukraine invasion: Russia restricts social media access". BBC News. 26 February 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

books.google.com

Chadwick, Andrew (2009). Routledge handbook of Internet politics. Routledge international handbooks. Taylor and Francis. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-415-42914-6.
Chadwick, Andrew (2009). Routledge handbook of Internet politics. Routledge international handbooks. Taylor and Francis. pp. 330–331. ISBN 978-0-415-42914-6.
Chadwick, Andrew (2009). Routledge handbook of Internet politics. Routledge international handbooks. Taylor and Francis. pp. 323–324. ISBN 978-0-415-42914-6.
Chadwick, Andrew (2009). Routledge handbook of Internet politics. Routledge international handbooks. Taylor and Francis. p. 331. ISBN 978-0-415-42914-6.

caida.org

Dainotti; et al. (2011). "Analysis of Country-wide Internet Outages Caused by Censorship" (PDF). ACM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

cbsnews.com

"EU court rules Google must tweak search results in test of "right to be forgotten"". CBS News. 13 May 2014. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2014.

citizenlab.ca

"BAD TRAFFIC: Sandvine's PacketLogic Devices Used to Deploy Government Spyware in Turkey and Redirect Egyptian Users to Affiliate Ads?". The Citizen Lab. 9 March 2018. Archived from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2018.

cloudflare.com

blog.cloudflare.com

"Encrypting SNI: Fixing One of the Core Internet Bugs". The Cloudflare Blog. 24 September 2018. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.

cnet.com

Google excluding controversial sites Archived 23 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Declan McCullagh, CNET News, 23 October 2002, 8:55 pm PDT. Retrieved 22 April 2007 00:40 UTC
Mihalcik, Carrie. "Iran's internet has been shut down for days amid protests". CNET. Archived from the original on 26 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2020.

cnn.com

Ivana Kottasová and Sara Mazloumsaki (19 November 2019). "What makes Iran's internet blackout different". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2020.

creativecommons.org

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license, see the lower right corner of pages at the OpenNet Initiative web site Archived 25 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine

cship.org

en.cship.org

"Risks" Archived 8 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Internet censorship wiki. Retrieved 2 September 2011

digitalsocietyproject.org

Mechkova, V., Daniel P., Brigitte S.,&Steven W. (2020). Digital Society Project Dataset v2.Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project http://digitalsocietyproject.org/ Archived 19 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
Mechkova, Valeriya; Pemstein, Daniel; Seim, Brigitte; Wilson, Steven (2021). Digital Society Survey Codebook (PDF). Digital Society Project. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.

doi.org

West, Andrew Granville; Lee, Insup (October 2011). "What Wikipedia deletes: Characterizing dangerous collaborative content". Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration. pp. 25–28. doi:10.1145/2038558.2038563. ISBN 978-1-4503-0909-7. S2CID 10396423.
Roberts, Margaret E. (2020). "Resilience to Online Censorship". Annual Review of Political Science. 23: 401–419. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-032837.
G. King; et al. (22 August 2014). "Reverse-engineering censorship in China: Randomized experimentation and participant observation". Science. 345 (6199): 891. doi:10.1126/science.1251722. PMID 25146296. S2CID 5398090. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
Fletcher, Terry; Hayes-Birchler, Andria (30 July 2020). Comparing Measures of Internet Censorship: Analyzing the Tradeoffs between Expert Analysis and Remote Measurement. Data for Policy 2020, 15-17 September 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3967398. S2CID 244992072. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
Shishkina, Alisa (November 2018). "Internet Censorship in Arab Countries: Religious and Moral Aspects". Religions. 9 (11): 358. doi:10.3390/rel9110358.

dyn.com

research.dyn.com

Cowie, James. "Egypt Leaves the Internet". Renesys. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2011.

eff.org

Sutton, Maira; Timm, Trevor (7 November 2011). "This Week in Internet Censorship Egypt Imprisons Alaa, Other Pro-democracy Bloggers". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2012.

euronews.com

Skinner, Helena (22 November 2019). "How did Iran's government pull the plug on the Internet?". euronews. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2020.

europenews.net

"Removal of Google personal information could become work intensive". Europe News.Net. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014.

facebook.com

"Statement of Rights and Responsibilities" Archived 26 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Facebook, 26 April 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011

feer.com

"Far Eastern Economic Review | China's Guerrilla War for the Web". 25 February 2009. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2020.

freedomhouse.org

"Freedom on the Net 2018" (PDF). Freedom House. November 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
Freedom on the Net 2009 Archived 26 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Freedom House, accessed 16 April 2012
Freedom on the Net 2011 Archived 16 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Freedom House, accessed 15 April 2012
Freedom on the Net 2012 Archived 12 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Freedom House, accessed 24 September 2012
Freedom on the Net 2013 Archived 22 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Freedom House, 3 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
"Freedom on the Net 2014" (PDF). Freedom House. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
"Freedom on the Net 2015" (PDF). Freedom House. October 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
"Freedom on the Net 2016" (PDF). Freedom House. October 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
"Freedom on the Net 2017" (PDF). Freedom House. October 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

blog.freedomhouse.org

"China's growing army of paid internet commentators" Archived 13 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Sarah Cook and Maggie Shum, Freedom House, 11 October 2011

future500.org

"Censorship fallout from the Arab Spring?" Archived 26 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Juliette Terzieff, The Future 500, 29 June 2011

galegroup.com

link.galegroup.com

Farrell, Michael B (22 March 2010). "Google Ends Internet Censorship, Dares China to Make Next Move". link.galegroup.com. The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2018.

gartner.com

"Why Malware Filtering Is Necessary in the Web Gateway". Gartner. 26 August 2008. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

globalviews360.com

Krishna Mohan, Vaishnavi (30 January 2021). "Internet Shutdowns in India: From Kashmir to Haryana". Global Views 360. Archived from the original on 31 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.

google.com

"Google Terms of Service" Archived 15 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Policies & Principles, Google, Inc.. Retrieved 1 April 2012
"Why does Google remove sites from the Google index?" Archived 6 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Google Webmaster Tools Help. Retrieved 22 April 2007 00:43 UTC

harvard.edu

cyber.law.harvard.edu

2007 Circumvention Landscape Report: Methods, Uses, and Tools Archived 11 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman, and John Palfrey, Beckman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, March 2009
"Empirical Analysis of Google SafeSearch" Archived 4 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Benjamin Edelman, Berkman Center for Internet & Society, Harvard Law School, 13 April 2003

dash.harvard.edu

Zittrain, Jonathan; Faris, Robert; Noman, Helmi; Clark, Justin; Tilton, Casey; Morrison-Westphal, Ryan (June 2017). "The Shifting Landscape of Global Internet Censorship" (PDF). Dash.Harvard.Edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2020.

nrs.harvard.edu

G. King; et al. (22 August 2014). "Reverse-engineering censorship in China: Randomized experimentation and participant observation". Science. 345 (6199): 891. doi:10.1126/science.1251722. PMID 25146296. S2CID 5398090. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2019.

howtogeek.com

Hoffman, Chris (22 September 2016). "How the "Great Firewall of China" Works to Censor China's Internet". www.howtogeek.com. How to geek. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.

hrw.org

Human Rights Watch (22 January 2012). World Report 2012: China. Archived from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013.

ietf.org

tools.ietf.org

Jones, Ben; Feamster, Nick; Hall, Joseph; Adams, Stan; Aaron, Michael (23 August 2019). "A Survey of Worldwide Censorship Techniques". IETF. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
Oku, Kazuho; Wood, Christopher; Rescorla, Eric; Sullivan, Nick (June 2020). "Encrypted Server Name Indication for TLS 1.3". IETF. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.

independent.co.uk

"China struggles to tame microblogging masses" Archived 4 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Agence France-Presse (AFP) in The Independent, 8 September 2011

indexoncensorship.org

"Index blasts EU court ruling on "right to be forgotten"". indexoncensorship.org. 13 May 2014. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2015.

internetshutdowns.in

"Internet Shutdowns in India". internetshutdowns.in. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2019.

internetsociety.org

"Global Internet User Survey 2012" Archived 14 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Internet Society, 20 November 2012

iplocation.net

"What is Internet Censorship?". www.iplocation.net. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.

jstor.org

Goldberg, Erica (2016). "Free Speech Consequentialism". Columbia Law Review. 116 (3): 687–694. JSTOR 43783393.

libya-businessnews.com

"LTT Blocks Pornographic Websites". 13 September 2013. Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

mashable.com

"YouTube Blocked in...Thailand". Mashable. 11 March 2007. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2015.

miller-mccune.com

"The Arab Spring's Cascading Effects" Archived 27 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Philip N. Howard, Miller-McCune, 23 February 2011

mit.edu

mitpress.mit.edu

"Measuring Global Internet Filtering" Archived 9 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Robert Faris and Nart Villeneuve, in Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain, eds., MIT Press (Cambridge), 2008
"Introduction" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2011., Jonathan Zittrain and John Palfrey, in Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain, eds., MIT Press (Cambridge), 2008
"Internet Filtering: The Politics and Mechanisms of Control" Archived 19 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Jonathan Zittrain and John Palfrey, in Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain, eds., MIT Press (Cambridge), 2008

monkey.org

"Middle East Political Protest And Internet Traffic Report: February 12–20, 2011" Archived 25 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Craig Labovitz, Arbor Networks

netblocks.org

"Sudan internet shows signs of recovery after month-long shutdown". 9 July 2019. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
"Ethiopia partially restores internet access days after blackout following reported Amhara coup attempt". 27 June 2019. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
"Post-election internet shutdown in Mauritania following widespread mobile disruptions". 25 June 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
"Iraq shuts down internet to prevent cheating in national science exams". 26 June 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
"Internet being restored in Iran after week-long shutdown". NetBlocks. 23 November 2019. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.

netsweeper.com

"Internet content filtering" Archived 17 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Netsweeper, Inc. web site. Retrieved 1 September 2011

news.com

"Blog censorship gains support". CNET. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2015.

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nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

G. King; et al. (22 August 2014). "Reverse-engineering censorship in China: Randomized experimentation and participant observation". Science. 345 (6199): 891. doi:10.1126/science.1251722. PMID 25146296. S2CID 5398090. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2019.

npr.org

Chappell, Bill; Tsioulcas, Anastasia (6 August 2018). "YouTube, Apple and Facebook Ban Infowars, Which Decries 'Mega Purge'". NPR. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
"Sudan's Internet Outage". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2019.

nytimes.com

The Editorial Board (15 October 2018). "There May Soon Be Three Internets. America's Won't Necessarily Be the Best. - A breakup of the web grants privacy, security and freedom to some, and not so much to others". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
Schmidt, Eric E.; Cohen, Jared (11 March 2014). "The Future of Internet Freedom". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
"Political Repression 2.0" Archived 12 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Evgeny Morzov, Op-Ed Contributor to the New York Times, 1 September 2011
Somini Sengupta (2 September 2011). "Group Says It Has New Evidence of Cisco's Misdeeds in China". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020.
"U.S. Underwrites Internet Detour Around Censors" Archived 11 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, James Glanz and John Markoff, The New York Times, 12 June 2011
Satariano, Adam (3 October 2019). "Facebook Can Be Forced to Delete Content, E.U.'s Top Court Rules". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.

thelede.blogs.nytimes.com

"In Mexico, Social Media Become a Battleground in the Drug War" Archived 11 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, J. David Goodman, The Lede, The New York Times, 15 September 2011

topics.nytimes.com

"Internet Censorship in China". The New York Times. 28 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2013.

opennet.net

"Measuring Global Internet Filtering" Archived 9 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Robert Faris and Nart Villeneuve, in Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering Archived 26 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, and Jonathan Zittrain, eds., MIT Press (Cambridge), 2008
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pcworld.com

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researchgate.net

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reuters.com

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riaclu.org

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rsf.org

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march12.rsf.org

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semanticscholar.org

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thefix.com

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theregister.co.uk

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time.com

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"The Emergence of Open and Organized Pro-Government Cyber Attacks in the Middle East: The Case of the Syrian Electronic Army" Archived 14 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Helmi Noman, OpenNet Initiative, May 2011
"India blocks Yahoo! Groups" Archived 17 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Andrew Orlowski, The Register, 24 September 2003
"Political Repression 2.0" Archived 12 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Evgeny Morzov, Op-Ed Contributor to the New York Times, 1 September 2011
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"BAD TRAFFIC: Sandvine's PacketLogic Devices Used to Deploy Government Spyware in Turkey and Redirect Egyptian Users to Affiliate Ads?". The Citizen Lab. 9 March 2018. Archived from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
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