James Buchanan (English Wikipedia)

Jim Al-Khalili. Shock and Awe: The Story of Electricity, Ep. 2 "The Age of Invention". October 13, 2011, BBC TV, Using Chief Engineer Bright's original notebook. Retrieved June 12, 2014.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Ellis, Franklin; Evans, Samuel (1883). History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: Everts & Peck. p. 214.
Curtis, George Ticknor (1883). Life of James Buchanan, Fifteenth President of the United States. Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-62376-821-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Moody, Wesley (2016). The Battle of Fort Sumter: The First Shots of the American Civil War. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-3176-6718-6 – via Google Books.
Curtis 1883, p. 22. Curtis, George Ticknor (1883). Life of James Buchanan: Fifteenth President of the United States. Vol. 2. Harper & Brothers. ISBN 978-0-8130-4426-2. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
McPherson 1988, p. 110. McPherson, James M. (1988). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-974390-2.
Sobel, Robert (1999). Panic on Wall Street: A History of America's Financial Disasters. Beard Books. ISBN 978-1-893122-46-8.
"Manipulation of the Atlantic Telegraph Line. From August 10th to the 1st of September inclusive". Report of the Joint Committee Appointed by the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and the Atlantic Telegraph Company, to Inquire Into the Construction of Submarine Telegraph Cables: Together with the Minutes of Evidence and Appendix. Eyre and Spottiswoode: Eyre. 1861. pp. 230–232. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
Jesse Ames Spencer (1866). "Chapter IX. 1857–1858. Opening of Buchanan's Administration" (Digitised eBook). 'THE QUEEN'S MESSAGE' and 'THE PRESIDENT'S REPLY' (full wording). Vol. 3. Johnson, Fry. p. 542. Retrieved September 10, 2023. History of the United States: from the earliest period to the administration of President Johnson
Chadwick 2008, p. 91. Chadwick, Bruce (2008). 1858: Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant and the War They Failed to See. Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN 978-1402209413.
Chadwick 2008, p. 117. Chadwick, Bruce (2008). 1858: Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant and the War They Failed to See. Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN 978-1402209413.
Jurinski, pp. 16–17. Jurinski, James John (2012). Tax Reform: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-322-4.
Boertlein, John (2010). Presidential Confidential: Sex, Scandal, Murder and Mayhem in the Oval Office. Cincinnati, Ohio: Clerisy Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-57860-361-9.
Jean H. Baker, James Buchanan: The American Presidents Series: The 15th President, 1857–1861, 2004, page 75

c-span.org (Global: 2,939^th place; English: 1,651^st place)

"C-SPAN Survey on Presidents 2021: Total Scores/Overall Rankings". C-SPAN. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
"C-SPAN Survey on Presidents 2021: Vision / Setting an Agenda". C-span. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
"C-SPAN Survey on Presidents 2021: International Relations". C-span. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
"C-SPAN Survey on Presidents 2021: Moral Authority". C-SPAN. Retrieved September 5, 2022.

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MacKinnon, William P. (2011). "At Sword's Point, Part 1: A Documentary History of the Utah War to 1858". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. Retrieved August 31, 2026.

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archives.dickinson.edu

"Letter from James Buchanan to Reuel William". Dickinson College. Retrieved December 30, 2022.

hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu

"James Buchanan's fiancée dies". Dickinson College. Retrieved May 28, 2026.

dickinson.edu

Harris, Angie. "Traditional Residence Halls". Dickinson College.

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"Ulster and the White House". Discover Ulster-Scots. Retrieved October 13, 2025.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Binder, Frederick Moore (1992). "James Buchanan: Jacksonian Expansionist". The Historian. 55 (1): 69–84. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1992.tb00886.x. ISSN 0018-2370. JSTOR 24448261.
Carrafiello, Michael L. (Spring 2010). "Diplomatic Failure: James Buchanan's Inaugural Address". Pennsylvania History. 77 (2): 145–165. doi:10.5325/pennhistory.77.2.0145. ISSN 0031-4528. JSTOR 10.5325/pennhistory.77.2.0145.
Flude 2012, pp. 393–413. Flude, Anthony G. (March 2012). "Manuscript XXIII: A Raiatean Petition for American Protection". The Journal of Pacific History. 47 (1). Canberra: Australian National University: 111–121. doi:10.1080/00223344.2011.632982. OCLC 785915823. S2CID 159847026.

ebsco.com (Global: 3,424^th place; English: 2,154^th place)

Greene, Jim (2020). "Utah War (1857–1858)". EBSCO Information Services. Retrieved August 31, 2026.

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"Judges of the United States Courts". Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved May 30, 2020.

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Alexander, Roberta (2007). "Dred Scott: The Decision That Sparked a Civil War". Northern Kentucky Law Review. 34 (4): 643–662.

history.com (Global: 852^nd place; English: 715^th place)

"Oregon". A+E Networks Corp. November 9, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2017.

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Finkelman, Paul (2007). "Scott v. Sandford: The Court's most dreadful case and how it changed history". Chicago-Kent Law Review. 82: 3–48. Quotation at p. 46.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Binder, Frederick Moore (1992). "James Buchanan: Jacksonian Expansionist". The Historian. 55 (1): 69–84. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1992.tb00886.x. ISSN 0018-2370. JSTOR 24448261.
Carrafiello, Michael L. (Spring 2010). "Diplomatic Failure: James Buchanan's Inaugural Address". Pennsylvania History. 77 (2): 145–165. doi:10.5325/pennhistory.77.2.0145. ISSN 0031-4528. JSTOR 10.5325/pennhistory.77.2.0145.
Murphy, Arthur B. (1984). "Evaluating the Presidents of the United States". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 14 (1): 117–126. JSTOR 27550039.

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"Kansas Constitutions - Kansas Historical Society". www.kansashistory.gov. Retrieved April 1, 2026.

lancasterhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Birkner, Michael (September 20, 2005). "Buchanan's Civil War". Archived from the original on October 19, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2013.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

loc.gov

"The telegraphic messages of Queen Victoria and Pres. Buchanan". Library of Congress. Retrieved May 28, 2026.

memory.loc.gov

"Today in History: May 11". Library of Congress. Retrieved January 9, 2022.

millercenter.org (Global: 4,047^th place; English: 2,873^rd place)

"Franklin Pierce: Foreign Affairs". Miller Center of Public Affairs. Retrieved May 28, 2026.
"Addendum to March 28 Message to Congress". Miller Center of Public Affairs. University of Virginia. June 22, 1860. Retrieved May 28, 2026.
Cooper, William. "James Buchanan: Campaigns and Elections". Miller Center of Public Affairs. Retrieved May 10, 2026.
"Third Annual Message (December 19, 1859)". Miller Center of Public Affairs. Archived from the original on January 6, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Blight, David W. (December 21, 2022). "Was the Civil War Inevitable?". The New York Times. Retrieved October 4, 2025.
"The Resignation of Secretary Cobb. The Correspondence". The New York Times. December 14, 1860.

pa.gov (Global: 5,071^st place; English: 2,331^st place)

"Buchanan State Forest". Pennsylvania.

petmd.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Top Ten Strangest Presidential Pets". PetMD. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2019.

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

Crouthamel, James L (July 1996). "Birkner, ed., 'James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850s' (Book Review)". New York History. 77 (3): 350. ProQuest 1297186054.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Flude 2012, pp. 393–413. Flude, Anthony G. (March 2012). "Manuscript XXIII: A Raiatean Petition for American Protection". The Journal of Pacific History. 47 (1). Canberra: Australian National University: 111–121. doi:10.1080/00223344.2011.632982. OCLC 785915823. S2CID 159847026.

senate.gov (Global: 707^th place; English: 398^th place)

Secretary of the United States Senate. "Gag rule". United States Senate. Retrieved January 9, 2022.

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; English: 197^th place)

americanhistory.si.edu

"James Buchanan". National Museum of American History. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved May 28, 2026.

sltrib.com (Global: 1,470^th place; English: 716^th place)

archive.sltrib.com

Parshall, Ardis E. (July 10, 2006). "The Utah War: Nearly bloodless, but still painful". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved August 31, 2026.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

Balcerski, Thomas (August 27, 2019). "The 175-Year History of Speculating About President James Buchanan's Bachelorhood". Smithsonian. Retrieved April 1, 2026.

state.gov (Global: 228^th place; English: 204^th place)

history.state.gov

"James Buchanan". Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved May 28, 2026.

state.pa.us (Global: 2,302^nd place; English: 1,058^th place)

phmc.state.pa.us

"Governor David Rittenhouse Porter". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
"Governor Joseph Ritner". Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Retrieved February 3, 2024.

dcnr.state.pa.us

"Buchanan's Birthplace State Park". Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on May 6, 2011. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
"Buchanan's Birthplace State Park". Archived from the original on April 22, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2012.

supremecourthistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nathan Clifford, 1858–1881". The Supreme Court Historical Society. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

teachingamericanhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Buchanan, James; Mason, John Y.; Soulé, Pierre (October 18, 1854). "The Ostend Manifesto". Teaching American History. Retrieved May 28, 2026.

telegram.com (Global: 6,315^th place; English: 3,237^th place)

Southwick, Albert B. (May 12, 2011). "Was the 15th president gay?". Telegram & Gazette. Retrieved February 22, 2026.

trumanlibrary.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

"James Buchanan and the Lecompton Constitution" (PDF). Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved May 28, 2026.

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,099^th place; English: 630^th place)

presidency.ucsb.edu

"Message to Congress Transmitting the Constitution of Kansas". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. February 2, 1858. Retrieved May 28, 2026.
"James Buchanan, Fourth Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union, December 3, 1860". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved April 28, 2012.

ulsterscotsagency.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The 'Buchanan Clan Gathering' in Co Donegal". Ulster-Scots Agency. June 30, 2010. Retrieved October 13, 2025.

upload.wikimedia.org (Global: 1,245^th place; English: 1,259^th place)

Pronounced /bjuːˈkænən/ ^ⓘ bew-KAN-ən^[3]

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Top Ten Strangest Presidential Pets". PetMD. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
Birkner, Michael (September 20, 2005). "Buchanan's Civil War". Archived from the original on October 19, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
"Third Annual Message (December 19, 1859)". Miller Center of Public Affairs. Archived from the original on January 6, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.

whitehouse.gov (Global: 1,846^th place; English: 2,464^th place)

"Harriet Lane". White House. Retrieved May 11, 2013.^{[dead link]}

whitehousehistory.org (Global: 8,356^th place; English: 5,213^th place)

"The Presidents Timeline". Retrieved October 13, 2025.

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

Geere, Duncan (January 18, 2011). "How the first cable was laid across the Atlantic". Wired. Retrieved May 28, 2026.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Binder, Frederick Moore (1992). "James Buchanan: Jacksonian Expansionist". The Historian. 55 (1): 69–84. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1992.tb00886.x. ISSN 0018-2370. JSTOR 24448261.
Carrafiello, Michael L. (Spring 2010). "Diplomatic Failure: James Buchanan's Inaugural Address". Pennsylvania History. 77 (2): 145–165. doi:10.5325/pennhistory.77.2.0145. ISSN 0031-4528. JSTOR 10.5325/pennhistory.77.2.0145.
Flude 2012, pp. 393–413. Flude, Anthony G. (March 2012). "Manuscript XXIII: A Raiatean Petition for American Protection". The Journal of Pacific History. 47 (1). Canberra: Australian National University: 111–121. doi:10.1080/00223344.2011.632982. OCLC 785915823. S2CID 159847026.

James Buchanan (English Wikipedia)

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