Jet stream (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Jet stream" in English language version.

Last modified: 05:48:09, 16 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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8272web.archive.org

1^st place

3937doi.org

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3634adsabs.harvard.edu

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1919nih.gov

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1716semanticscholar.org

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66worldcat.org

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64allenpress.com

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55bbc.co.uk

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22theguardian.com

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22nature.com

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21eiu.edu

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low place

acepilots.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sherman, Stephen (January 2001) [Updated 27 June 2011]. "Wiley Post: First to Fly Solo Around the World, in the Winnie Mae". AcePilots. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Lewis, John M. (2003). "Oishi's Observation: Viewed in the Context of Jet Stream Discovery". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 84 (3): 357–369. Bibcode:2003BAMS...84..357L. doi:10.1175/BAMS-84-3-357.
Messori, Gabriele; Caballero, Rodrigo (2015). "On double Rossby wave breaking in the North Atlantic". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120 (21): 11, 129–11, 150. Bibcode:2015JGRD..12011129M. doi:10.1002/2015JD023854.
Archer, Cristina L.; Caldeira, Ken (18 April 2008). "Historical trends in the jet streams". Geophysical Research Letters. 35 (8) 2008GL033614. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..35.8803A. doi:10.1029/2008GL033614. S2CID 59377392.
Rantanen, Mika; Karpechko, Alexey Yu; Lipponen, Antti; Nordling, Kalle; Hyvärinen, Otto; Ruosteenoja, Kimmo; Vihma, Timo; Laaksonen, Ari (11 August 2022). "The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 168. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3..168R. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3. hdl:11250/3115996. ISSN 2662-4435. S2CID 251498876.
Isaksen, Ketil; Nordli, Øyvind; et al. (15 June 2022). "Exceptional warming over the Barents area". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 9371. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.9371I. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13568-5. PMC 9200822. PMID 35705593.
Francis, Jennifer A.; Vavrus, Stephen J. (2012). "Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes". Geophysical Research Letters. 39 (6): L06801. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.6801F. doi:10.1029/2012GL051000. S2CID 15383119.
Zielinski, G.; Mershon, G. (1997). "Paleoenvironmental implications of the insoluble microparticle record in the GISP2 (Greenland) ice core during the rapidly changing climate of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition". Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 109 (5): 547–559. Bibcode:1997GSAB..109..547Z. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0547:piotim>2.3.co;2.
Lue, J.-M.; Kim, S.-J.; Abe-Ouchi, A.; Yu, Y.; Ohgaito, R. (2010). "Arctic Oscillation during the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum from PMIP2 Coupled Model Simulations". Journal of Climate. 23 (14): 3792–3813. Bibcode:2010JCli...23.3792L. doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3331.1. S2CID 129156297.
Mitchell, Daniel M.; Osprey, Scott M.; Gray, Lesley J.; Butchart, Neal; Hardiman, Steven C.; Charlton-Perez, Andrew J.; Watson, Peter (August 2012). "The Effect of Climate Change on the Variability of the Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortex". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 69 (8): 2608–2618. Bibcode:2012JAtS...69.2608M. doi:10.1175/jas-d-12-021.1. ISSN 0022-4928. S2CID 122783377.
Masato, Giacomo; Hoskins, Brian J.; Woollings, Tim (2013). "Winter and Summer Northern Hemisphere Blocking in CMIP5 Models". Journal of Climate. 26 (18): 7044–7059. Bibcode:2013JCli...26.7044M. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00466.1.
Liu, Jiping; Curry, Judith A.; Wang, Huijun; Song, Mirong; Horton, Radley M. (27 February 2012). "Impact of declining Arctic sea ice on winter snowfall". PNAS. 109 (11): 4074–4079. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.4074L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1114910109. PMC 3306672. PMID 22371563.
Qiuhong Tang; Xuejun Zhang; Francis, J. A. (December 2013). "Extreme summer weather in northern mid-latitudes linked to a vanishing cryosphere". Nature Climate Change. 4 (1): 45–50. Bibcode:2014NatCC...4...45T. doi:10.1038/nclimate2065.
Screen, J A (November 2013). "Influence of Arctic sea ice on European summer precipitation". Environmental Research Letters. 8 (4) 044015. Bibcode:2013ERL.....8d4015S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/044015. hdl:10871/14835.
Jennifer Francis; Natasa Skific (1 June 2015). "Evidence linking rapid Arctic warming to mid-latitude weather patterns". Philosophical Transactions. 373 (2045) 20140170. Bibcode:2015RSPTA.37340170F. doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0170. PMC 4455715. PMID 26032322.
Mann, Michael E.; Rahmstorf, Stefan (27 March 2017). "Influence of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave Resonance and Extreme Weather Events". Scientific Reports. 7 45242. Bibcode:2017NatSR...745242M. doi:10.1038/srep45242. PMC 5366916. PMID 28345645.
Francis J; Vavrus S; Cohen J. (2017). "Amplified Arctic warming and mid latitude weather: new perspectives on emerging connections" (PDF). Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. 8 (5) e474. 2017 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Bibcode:2017WIRCC...8E.474F. doi:10.1002/wcc.474. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
Kretschmer, Marlene; Coumou, Dim; Agel, Laurie; Barlow, Mathew; Tziperman, Eli; Cohen, Judah (January 2018). "More-Persistent Weak Stratospheric Polar Vortex States Linked to Cold Extremes" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 99 (1): 49–60. Bibcode:2018BAMS...99...49K. doi:10.1175/bams-d-16-0259.1. ISSN 0003-0007. S2CID 51847061. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
Coumou, D.; Di Capua, G.; Vavrus, S.; Wang, L.; Wang, S. (20 August 2018). "The influence of Arctic amplification on mid-latitude summer circulation". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 2959. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.2959C. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05256-8. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6102303. PMID 30127423.
Cohen, Judah; Agel, Laurie; Barlow, Mathew; Garfinkel, Chaim I.; White, Ian (3 September 2021). "Linking Arctic variability and change with extreme winter weather in the United States". Science. 373 (6559): 1116–1121. Bibcode:2021Sci...373.1116C. doi:10.1126/science.abi9167. PMID 34516838. S2CID 237402139.
Zou, Yofei; Rasch, Philip J.; Wang, Hailong; Xie, Zuowei; Zhang, Rudong (26 October 2021). "Increasing large wildfires over the western United States linked to diminishing sea ice in the Arctic". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6048. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.6048Z. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26232-9. PMC 8548308. PMID 34702824. S2CID 233618492.
Weng, H. (2012). "Impacts of multi-scale solar activity on climate. Part I: Atmospheric circulation patterns and climate extremes". Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 29 (4): 867–886. Bibcode:2012AdAtS..29..867W. doi:10.1007/s00376-012-1238-1. S2CID 123066849.
James E. Overland (8 December 2013). "Atmospheric science: Long-range linkage". Nature Climate Change. 4 (1): 11–12. Bibcode:2014NatCC...4...11O. doi:10.1038/nclimate2079.
Seviour, William J.M. (14 April 2017). "Weakening and shift of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex: Internal variability or forced response?". Geophysical Research Letters. 44 (7): 3365–3373. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.3365S. doi:10.1002/2017GL073071. hdl:1983/caf74781-222b-4735-b171-8842cead4086. S2CID 131938684.
Screen, James A. (15 June 2014). "Arctic amplification decreases temperature variance in northern mid- to high-latitudes". Nature Climate Change. 4 (7): 577–582. Bibcode:2014NatCC...4..577S. doi:10.1038/nclimate2268. hdl:10871/15095. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; Mitchell-Larson, Eli; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; de Vries, Hylke; Vautar, Robert; Otto, Friederike (22 November 2019). "Cold waves are getting milder in the northern midlatitudes". Environmental Research Letters. 14 (11): 114004. Bibcode:2019ERL....14k4004V. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab4867. S2CID 204420462.
Blackport, Russell; Screen, James A.; van der Wiel, Karin; Bintanja, Richard (September 2019). "Minimal influence of reduced Arctic sea ice on coincident cold winters in mid-latitudes" (PDF). Nature Climate Change. 9 (9): 697–704. Bibcode:2019NatCC...9..697B. doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0551-4. hdl:10871/39784. S2CID 199542188.
Blackport, Russell; Screen, James A. (February 2020). "Insignificant effect of Arctic amplification on the amplitude of midlatitude atmospheric waves". Science Advances. 6 (8) eaay2880. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.2880B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay2880. PMC 7030927. PMID 32128402.
Streffing, Jan; Semmler, Tido; Zampieri, Lorenzo; Jung, Thomas (24 September 2021). "Response of Northern Hemisphere Weather and Climate to Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Resolution Independence in Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) Simulations". Journal of Climate. 34 (20): 8445–8457. Bibcode:2021JCli...34.8445S. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-1005.1. S2CID 239631549.
Smith, D.M.; Eade, R.; Andrews, M.B.; et al. (7 February 2022). "Robust but weak winter atmospheric circulation response to future Arctic sea ice loss". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 727. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13..727S. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28283-y. PMC 8821642. PMID 35132058. S2CID 246637132.
Martin, Jonathan E. (14 April 2021). "Recent Trends in the Waviness of the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Polar and Subtropical Jets". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 126 (9) e2020JD033668. Bibcode:2021JGRD..12633668M. doi:10.1029/2020JD033668. S2CID 222246122. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
Tenenbaum, Joel; Williams, Paul D.; Turp, Debi; Buchanan, Piers; Coulson, Robert; Gill, Philip G.; Lunnon, Robert W.; Oztunali, Marguerite G.; Rankin, John; Rukhovets, Leonid (July 2022). "Aircraft observations and reanalysis depictions of trends in the North Atlantic winter jet stream wind speeds and turbulence". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 148 (747): 2927–2941. Bibcode:2022QJRMS.148.2927T. doi:10.1002/qj.4342. ISSN 0035-9009. S2CID 250029057.
Osman, Matthew B.; Coats, Sloan; Das, Sarah B.; McConnell, Joseph R.; Chellman, Nathan (13 September 2021). "North Atlantic jet stream projections in the context of the past 1,250 years". PNAS. 118 (38) e2104105118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11804105O. doi:10.1073/pnas.2104105118. PMC 8463874. PMID 34518222.
Cardoso, Rita M.; Soares, Pedro M. M.; Lima, Daniela C. A.; Semedo, Alvaro (1 December 2016). "The impact of climate change on the Iberian low-level wind jet: EURO-CORDEX regional climate simulation". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography. 68 (1) 29005. Bibcode:2016TellA..6829005C. doi:10.3402/tellusa.v68.29005.

adsabs.harvard.edu

B. Pu and K. H. Cook (2008). Dynamics of the Low-Level Westerly Jet Over West Africa. Archived 19 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract #A13A-0229. Retrieved on 8 March 2009.

agclimate.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Southeast Climate Consortium. SECC Winter Climate Outlook. Archived 4 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 29 February 2008.

alaska.edu (Global: 7,176^th place; English: 4,809^th place)

gi.alaska.edu

Ned Rozell. Amazing flying machines allow time travel. Archived 5 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 8 May 2008.
Gedney, Larry (1983). "The Jet Stream". University of Alaska Fairbanks. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2018.

allenpress.com (Global: 5,987^th place; English: 5,682^nd place)

amsglossary.allenpress.com

Glossary of Meteorology. Jet Stream. Archived 1 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 8 May 2008.
Glossary of Meteorology. Cyclone wave. Archived 26 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 13 May 2008.
Glossary of Meteorology. Short wave. Archived 9 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 13 May 2008.

ams.allenpress.com

Kerry H. Cook. Generation of the African Easterly Jet and Its Role in Determining West African Precipitation. Archived 26 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 8 May 2008.

anl.gov (Global: 8,120^th place; English: 6,195^th place)

newton.dep.anl.gov

David R. Cook Jet Stream Behavior. Archived 2 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 8 May 2008.

aviationweek.com (Global: 1,271^st place; English: 732^nd place)

Osborne, Tony (10 February 2020). "Strong Jet Streams Prompt Record Breaking Transatlantic Crossings". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.co.uk

"Weather Basics – Jet Streams". Archived from the original on 29 August 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
Shukman, David (10 July 2012). "Why, oh why, does it keep raining?". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
BBC. Jet Streams in the UK. Archived 18 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 8 May 2008.
"Jet Streams around the World". BBC. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2009.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Why has it been so wet?". BBC. 23 July 2007. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 31 July 2007.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"Climate change: Arctic warming linked to colder winters". BBC News. 2 September 2021. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2021.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Arbeiten zur allgemeinen Klimatologie by Hermann Flohn p. 47
Taylor, Frank J. (1958). "The Jet Stream Is The Villain". Popular Mechanics: 97. Retrieved 13 December 2010.

bris.ac.uk (Global: 5,759^th place; English: 4,110^th place)

research-information.bris.ac.uk

Seviour, William J.M. (14 April 2017). "Weakening and shift of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex: Internal variability or forced response?". Geophysical Research Letters. 44 (7): 3365–3373. Bibcode:2017GeoRL..44.3365S. doi:10.1002/2017GL073071. hdl:1983/caf74781-222b-4735-b171-8842cead4086. S2CID 131938684.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

journals.cambridge.org

M. P. de Villiers and J. van Heerden. Clear air turbulence over South Africa. Archived 15 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 8 May 2008.

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

Cerullo, Megan (23 February 2024). Picchi, Aimee (ed.). "Some international flights are exceeding 800 mph due to high winds. One flight arrived almost an hour early". CBS News. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.

classzone.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

McDougal Littell. Paths of Polar and Subtropical Jet Streams. Archived 13 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 13 May 2008.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

Staff writer (29 December 1997). "NTSB investigates United Airlines plunge". CNN. Archived from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2008.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

news.cornell.edu

Friedlander, Blaine (4 March 2013). "Arctic ice loss amplified Superstorm Sandy violence". Cornell Chronicle. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2014.

csmonitor.com (Global: 982^nd place; English: 614^th place)

Spotts, Pete (6 January 2014). "How frigid 'polar vortex' could be result of global warming (+video)". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2014.

csulb.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

home.csulb.edu

"Pilot Weather Balloon (Pibal) Optical Theodolites". Martin Brenner's, Pilot Balloon Resources. California State University Long Beach. 25 November 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

ctvnews.ca (Global: 779^th place; English: 408^th place)

Wonderen, Joe Van (23 January 2026). "Ontario, Quebec and Maritimes expected to see near -50 C temperatures this weekend". CTVNews. Retrieved 6 April 2026.

dallasnews.com (Global: 903^rd place; English: 457^th place)

Jimenez, Jesus (21 February 2019). "Flying east from Dallas-Fort Worth? Strong jet-stream winds could get you there early". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2 December 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Lewis, John M. (2003). "Oishi's Observation: Viewed in the Context of Jet Stream Discovery". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 84 (3): 357–369. Bibcode:2003BAMS...84..357L. doi:10.1175/BAMS-84-3-357.
Messori, Gabriele; Caballero, Rodrigo (2015). "On double Rossby wave breaking in the North Atlantic". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 120 (21): 11, 129–11, 150. Bibcode:2015JGRD..12011129M. doi:10.1002/2015JD023854.
Archer, Cristina L.; Caldeira, Ken (18 April 2008). "Historical trends in the jet streams". Geophysical Research Letters. 35 (8) 2008GL033614. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..35.8803A. doi:10.1029/2008GL033614. S2CID 59377392.
Rantanen, Mika; Karpechko, Alexey Yu; Lipponen, Antti; Nordling, Kalle; Hyvärinen, Otto; Ruosteenoja, Kimmo; Vihma, Timo; Laaksonen, Ari (11 August 2022). "The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 168. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3..168R. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3. hdl:11250/3115996. ISSN 2662-4435. S2CID 251498876.
Isaksen, Ketil; Nordli, Øyvind; et al. (15 June 2022). "Exceptional warming over the Barents area". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 9371. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.9371I. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13568-5. PMC 9200822. PMID 35705593.
Francis, Jennifer A.; Vavrus, Stephen J. (2012). "Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes". Geophysical Research Letters. 39 (6): L06801. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..39.6801F. doi:10.1029/2012GL051000. S2CID 15383119.
Zielinski, G.; Mershon, G. (1997). "Paleoenvironmental implications of the insoluble microparticle record in the GISP2 (Greenland) ice core during the rapidly changing climate of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition". Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. 109 (5): 547–559. Bibcode:1997GSAB..109..547Z. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0547:piotim>2.3.co;2.
Lue, J.-M.; Kim, S.-J.; Abe-Ouchi, A.; Yu, Y.; Ohgaito, R. (2010). "Arctic Oscillation during the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum from PMIP2 Coupled Model Simulations". Journal of Climate. 23 (14): 3792–3813. Bibcode:2010JCli...23.3792L. doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3331.1. S2CID 129156297.
Mitchell, Daniel M.; Osprey, Scott M.; Gray, Lesley J.; Butchart, Neal; Hardiman, Steven C.; Charlton-Perez, Andrew J.; Watson, Peter (August 2012). "The Effect of Climate Change on the Variability of the Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortex". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 69 (8): 2608–2618. Bibcode:2012JAtS...69.2608M. doi:10.1175/jas-d-12-021.1. ISSN 0022-4928. S2CID 122783377.
Masato, Giacomo; Hoskins, Brian J.; Woollings, Tim (2013). "Winter and Summer Northern Hemisphere Blocking in CMIP5 Models". Journal of Climate. 26 (18): 7044–7059. Bibcode:2013JCli...26.7044M. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00466.1.
Liu, Jiping; Curry, Judith A.; Wang, Huijun; Song, Mirong; Horton, Radley M. (27 February 2012). "Impact of declining Arctic sea ice on winter snowfall". PNAS. 109 (11): 4074–4079. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.4074L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1114910109. PMC 3306672. PMID 22371563.
Qiuhong Tang; Xuejun Zhang; Francis, J. A. (December 2013). "Extreme summer weather in northern mid-latitudes linked to a vanishing cryosphere". Nature Climate Change. 4 (1): 45–50. Bibcode:2014NatCC...4...45T. doi:10.1038/nclimate2065.
Screen, J A (November 2013). "Influence of Arctic sea ice on European summer precipitation". Environmental Research Letters. 8 (4) 044015. Bibcode:2013ERL.....8d4015S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/4/044015. hdl:10871/14835.
Jennifer Francis; Natasa Skific (1 June 2015). "Evidence linking rapid Arctic warming to mid-latitude weather patterns". Philosophical Transactions. 373 (2045) 20140170. Bibcode:2015RSPTA.37340170F. doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0170. PMC 4455715. PMID 26032322.
Mann, Michael E.; Rahmstorf, Stefan (27 March 2017). "Influence of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave Resonance and Extreme Weather Events". Scientific Reports. 7 45242. Bibcode:2017NatSR...745242M. doi:10.1038/srep45242. PMC 5366916. PMID 28345645.
Francis J; Vavrus S; Cohen J. (2017). "Amplified Arctic warming and mid latitude weather: new perspectives on emerging connections" (PDF). Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. 8 (5) e474. 2017 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Bibcode:2017WIRCC...8E.474F. doi:10.1002/wcc.474. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
Kretschmer, Marlene; Coumou, Dim; Agel, Laurie; Barlow, Mathew; Tziperman, Eli; Cohen, Judah (January 2018). "More-Persistent Weak Stratospheric Polar Vortex States Linked to Cold Extremes" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 99 (1): 49–60. Bibcode:2018BAMS...99...49K. doi:10.1175/bams-d-16-0259.1. ISSN 0003-0007. S2CID 51847061. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

alaska.edu (Global: 7,176^th place; English: 4,809^th place)

allenpress.com (Global: 5,987^th place; English: 5,682^nd place)

anl.gov (Global: 8,120^th place; English: 6,195^th place)

aviationweek.com (Global: 1,271^st place; English: 732^nd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

bris.ac.uk (Global: 5,759^th place; English: 4,110^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

csmonitor.com (Global: 982^nd place; English: 614^th place)

ctvnews.ca (Global: 779^th place; English: 408^th place)

dallasnews.com (Global: 903^rd place; English: 457^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

faqs.org (Global: 7,483^rd place; English: 6,774^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

inist.fr (Global: 3,275^th place; English: 4,190^th place)

komonews.com (Global: 9,058^th place; English: 4,812^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

newyorker.com (Global: 191^st place; English: 122^nd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

ntsb.gov (Global: 1,267^th place; English: 696^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

osti.gov (Global: 2,098^th place; English: 1,146^th place)

osu.edu (Global: 2,360^th place; English: 1,459^th place)

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

reading.ac.uk (Global: 8,112^th place; English: 4,877^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

rug.nl (Global: 2,629^th place; English: 1,971^st place)

science.org (Global: 1,007^th place; English: 665^th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

sfgate.com (Global: 248^th place; English: 142^nd place)

sfsu.edu (Global: 8,214^th place; English: 5,196^th place)

skybrary.aero (Global: low place; English: 8,972^nd place)

space.com (Global: 862^nd place; English: 703^rd place)

statesman.com (Global: 2,973^rd place; English: 1,436^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

thoughtco.com (Global: 2,170^th place; English: 1,937^th place)

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

timesonline.co.uk (Global: 437^th place; English: 317^th place)

ucar.edu (Global: 8,747^th place; English: 6,863^rd place)

uiuc.edu (Global: 4,225^th place; English: 3,432^nd place)

uwyo.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,450^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wiley.com (Global: 150^th place; English: 174^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

wusa9.com (Global: low place; English: 5,592^nd place)