Kandahar (English Wikipedia)

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[1] Archived 14 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)

bbc.co.uk

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BBC News, Kandahar's cemetery of 'miracles' Archived 20 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
BBC News, Kandahar dreamers test Taliban edicts Archived 18 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine

bbc.com

هنریار, ارشاد (26 May 2019). "فارسی زبان‌های قندهار؛ پیشتاز زرگری و رای‌گیری". BBC News فارسی (in Persian). Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.

books.google.com

F.R. Allchin (ed.), The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States Archived 1 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp.127-130
Barros, João de (1552). Da Asia De Joāo De Barros: Dos Feitos, Que Os Portuguezes Fizeram No Descubrimento, E Conquista Dos Mares, E Terras Do Oriente. Decada Quarta. Parte Segunda (in Portuguese). Na Regia Officina Typografica. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2020. Those who go from Persia, from the kingdom of Horaçam (Khorasan), from Bohára, and all the Western Regions, travel to the city which the natives corruptly call Candar, instead of Scandar, the name by which the Persians call Alexander.:ruptamente Candar, havendo de dizer Scandar, nome per que os Perfas chamam Alexandre, por elle (como efcreve Arriano ") edificar efia Cidade, e do feu nome fe chamou Alexandria fituada ...
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Zaeef, Mohammad (7 August 2012). My life with the Taliban. Hachette India. ISBN 9789350094136. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
Kaplan 2008, p. 188. Kaplan, Robert D. (2008). Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-54698-2. OCLC 48367823.

bostonreview.net

"Afghanistan's Misguided Economy | Boston Review". 8 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2023.

brill.com

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Zetterstéen, K. V. (1960). "ʿAbbād b. Ziyād". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 5. OCLC 495469456.

britannica.com

"Last Afghan empire". Louis Dupree, Nancy H. Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"Aḥmad Shah Durrānī". Britannica.com Online Version. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2011.

burohappold.com

"Aino Mina Development". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.

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edition.cnn.com

"Kandahar mayor killed in suicide attack; Taliban claim responsibility". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.

counselorcorporation.com

"Benawa Institute of Higher Education | Tuition | Admission - Counselor Corporation". 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
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"Malalay University | Tuition and Fees | Academics - Counselor Corporation". 19 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

designmena.com

"Case study: Aino Mina". Design Middle East. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2016.

flickr.com

Iqbal Ahmad Esmati (13 February 2005), Football Ground, archived from the original on 10 August 2016, retrieved 8 May 2021

ghostarchive.org

"Kandahar, a Battlefield Even Before U.S. Offensive". The New York Times. 27 March 2010. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
Goldbaum, Christina (12 August 2021). "Afghanistan Collapse Accelerates as 2 Vital Cities Near Fall to Taliban". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.

heritage.org

"The Heritage Foundation". Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.

infoplease.com

"Kandahar". Columbia Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2011.

iranicaonline.org

Gérard Fussman, "Kandahar II. Pre-Islamic Monuments and Remains" Archived 12 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2012
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livius.org

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lonelyplanet.com

Wheeler, Tony (6 June 2006). "Afghanistan Practicalities". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2011.

mrrd-nabdp.org

"B. Demography and Population" (PDF). United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and Afghanistan Statistical Yearbook 2006, Central Statistics Office. Afghanistan's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2012.

nationalgeographic.com

ngm.nationalgeographic.com

"2003 National Geographic Population Map" (PDF). Thomas Gouttierre, Center For Afghanistan Studies, University of Nebraska at Omaha; Matthew S. Baker, Stratfor. National Geographic Society. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2011.

nsia.gov.af

"Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.

nytimes.com

Middleton, Drew (8 March 1982). "Soviet Reprisals on Afghans Called Fierce". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
"Kandahar, a Battlefield Even Before U.S. Offensive". The New York Times. 27 March 2010. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
Goldbaum, Christina (12 August 2021). "Afghanistan Collapse Accelerates as 2 Vital Cities Near Fall to Taliban". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.

atwar.blogs.nytimes.com

Cusack, Jake (19 July 2011). "Spending Time With the Karzais in (Parts of) Kandahar". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012.

packhum.org

persian.packhum.org

"AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PERSIA DURING THE LAST TWO CENTURIES (A.D. 1722–1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2010.

pajhwok.com

Challenges remain despite reduced rebel attacks: ISAF Archived 12 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Pajhwok Afghan News. 10 October 2011.
Siddiqullah, ed. (7 June 2012). "21 killed, 50 injured in twin suicide blasts (Video)". Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
Kakar, Javed Hamim (7 July 2010). "Pakistan, Afghanistan ink MoU on rail links". Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
Kandahar-Quetta bus service soon By Bashir Ahmad Naadim 20 Jul 2012 – 17:17, http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/07/20/kandahar-quetta-bus-service-soon Archived 30 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine
Naadem, Bashir Ahmed (16 August 2011). "Construction of Hameedi township starts in Kandahar". Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
"20 acres of land donated for cricket stadium in Kandahar | Pajhwok Afghan News". 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.

pakistantoday.com.pk

Sial, Amer (18 August 2016). "Pak Railways poised to get massive funding from CPEC and CAREC". Pakistan Today. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.

parthia.com

Mentioned in Bopearachchi, "Monnaies Greco-Bactriennes et Indo-Grecques", p52. Original text in paragraph 19 of Parthian stations Archived 31 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine

reuters.com

in.reuters.com

"Q+A – NATO sees Kandahar battle as Afghan turning point". Reuters Editorial. Reuters India. 31 March 2010. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2016.

rferl.org

Ikramullah Ikram; Abubakar Siddique (18 April 2023). "Southern Afghan City Becomes De Facto Capital As Taliban Chief Tightens Grip On Power". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 11 May 2023.

sananews.com.pk

South Asian News Agency, 30 Power Generators to Be Installed in Kandahar^{[permanent dead link]}

sky.com

news.sky.com

"Afghanistan: At least 35 killed in suicide bombing during prayers at Kandahar mosque". Sky News. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.

state.gov

usinfo.state.gov

U.S. Department of State, U.S. Government Agency Grants $3 Million to Build Afghan Homes Archived 4 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine

tajikmedia.com

"شورای همبستگی تاجیکان قندهار آغاز به فعالیت کرد". tajikmedia.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.

theguardian.com

"Kandahar on brink of chaos as warlords ready for battle". TheGuardian.com. 9 December 2001. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
"Removed: news agency feed article". the Guardian. 9 December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2016.

time.com

"Home Free". Time. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2011. Hamid Karzai dreamed for years of his eventual homecoming. But for both him and his newly reborn nation, the journey has only begun

uchicago.edu

dsal.uchicago.edu

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unb.ca

lib.unb.ca

"The Limits of Soviet Airpower: The Failure of Military Coercion in Afghanistan, 1979–89". Edward B. Westermann. University of New Brunswick. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2011.

unhabitat.org

"The State of Afghan Cities report2015". Archived from the original on 31 October 2015.
"The State of Afghan Cities report 2015". Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.

upi.com

"Soviet forces bombed the city of Kandahar in southern". Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.

utexas.edu

lib.utexas.edu

Map of the Median Empire from the University of Texas in Austin, showing Pactyans in what is now Kandahar, Afghanistan ... Link Archived 4 October 2003 at the Wayback Machine

voanews.com

"Taliban Claim Attack on Afghan Army Base". 4 May 2020. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2020 – via voanews.com/.

web.archive.org

"Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
"The State of Afghan Cities report2015". Archived from the original on 31 October 2015.
"Kandahar". Columbia Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
"The City of Kandahar". Columbia Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
"Afghanistan's Misguided Economy | Boston Review". 8 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
F.R. Allchin (ed.), The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States Archived 1 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp.127-130
Gérard Fussman, "Kandahar II. Pre-Islamic Monuments and Remains" Archived 12 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, 2012
Barros, João de (1552). Da Asia De Joāo De Barros: Dos Feitos, Que Os Portuguezes Fizeram No Descubrimento, E Conquista Dos Mares, E Terras Do Oriente. Decada Quarta. Parte Segunda (in Portuguese). Na Regia Officina Typografica. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2020. Those who go from Persia, from the kingdom of Horaçam (Khorasan), from Bohára, and all the Western Regions, travel to the city which the natives corruptly call Candar, instead of Scandar, the name by which the Persians call Alexander.:ruptamente Candar, havendo de dizer Scandar, nome per que os Perfas chamam Alexandre, por elle (como efcreve Arriano ") edificar efia Cidade, e do feu nome fe chamou Alexandria fituada ...
Tarn, William Woodthorpe (24 June 2010). The Greeks in Bactria and India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108009416. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
Dupree, Nancy Hatch (1970). An Historical Guide to Afghanistan. Vol. First Edition. Kabul: Afghan Air Authority, Afghan Tourist Organization. p. 492. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
Map of the Median Empire from the University of Texas in Austin, showing Pactyans in what is now Kandahar, Afghanistan ... Link Archived 4 October 2003 at the Wayback Machine
Lendering, Jona. "Alexandria in Arachosia". LIVIUS – Articles on Ancient History. Archived from the original on 15 June 2010. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
Mentioned in Bopearachchi, "Monnaies Greco-Bactriennes et Indo-Grecques", p52. Original text in paragraph 19 of Parthian stations Archived 31 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine
Nancy Hatch Dupree / Aḥmad ʻAlī Kuhzād (1972). "An Historical Guide to Kabul – The Story of Kabul". American International School of Kabul. Archived from the original on 30 August 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
Lendering, Jona. "Maurya dynasty". LIVIUS – Articles on Ancient History. Archived from the original on 26 February 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
Inaba, Minoru. "KANDAHAR iii. Early Islamic Period". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
Matthee, Rudi; Mashita, Hiroyuki. "KANDAHAR iv. From The Mongol Invasion Through The Safavid Era". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
Ibn Battuta (2004). Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325–1354 (reprint, illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 179. ISBN 0-415-34473-5. Archived from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
"AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PERSIA DURING THE LAST TWO CENTURIES (A.D. 1722–1922)". Edward Granville Browne. London: Packard Humanities Institute. p. 29. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
Malleson, George Bruce (1878). History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878. London: Elibron.com. p. 227. ISBN 1-4021-7278-8. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
"Last Afghan empire". Louis Dupree, Nancy H. Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"Aḥmad Shah Durrānī". Britannica.com Online Version. Archived from the original on 4 April 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
"The Limits of Soviet Airpower: The Failure of Military Coercion in Afghanistan, 1979–89". Edward B. Westermann. University of New Brunswick. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
"The Heritage Foundation". Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
Middleton, Drew (8 March 1982). "Soviet Reprisals on Afghans Called Fierce". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
"Soviet forces bombed the city of Kandahar in southern". Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
"Soviet-Afghan Offensive Destroys Rebel Stronghold". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
"Kandahar on brink of chaos as warlords ready for battle". TheGuardian.com. 9 December 2001. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
Zaeef, Mohammad (7 August 2012). My life with the Taliban. Hachette India. ISBN 9789350094136. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
BBC News, Kandahar's cemetery of 'miracles' Archived 20 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
"Home Free". Time. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2011. Hamid Karzai dreamed for years of his eventual homecoming. But for both him and his newly reborn nation, the journey has only begun
BBC News, Kandahar dreamers test Taliban edicts Archived 18 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
"Removed: news agency feed article". the Guardian. 9 December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
"Q+A – NATO sees Kandahar battle as Afghan turning point". Reuters Editorial. Reuters India. 31 March 2010. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
"Kandahar mayor killed in suicide attack; Taliban claim responsibility". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
Challenges remain despite reduced rebel attacks: ISAF Archived 12 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Pajhwok Afghan News. 10 October 2011.
Siddiqullah, ed. (7 June 2012). "21 killed, 50 injured in twin suicide blasts (Video)". Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
"Taliban Claim Attack on Afghan Army Base". 4 May 2020. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2020 – via voanews.com/.
Akhgar, Tameem (12 August 2021). "Taliban take Kandahar, Herat in major Afghanistan offensive". Apnews. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
"Afghanistan: At least 35 killed in suicide bombing during prayers at Kandahar mosque". Sky News. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
"The State of Afghan Cities report 2015". Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
[1] Archived 14 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
"Kandahar Climate Normals 1964–1983". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
Sial, Amer (18 August 2016). "Pak Railways poised to get massive funding from CPEC and CAREC". Pakistan Today. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Kakar, Javed Hamim (7 July 2010). "Pakistan, Afghanistan ink MoU on rail links". Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
Kandahar-Quetta bus service soon By Bashir Ahmad Naadim 20 Jul 2012 – 17:17, http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/07/20/kandahar-quetta-bus-service-soon Archived 30 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine
Cogan, James (16 August 2008). "Hundreds dead in fighting along Afghanistan-Pakistan border". World Socialist Web Site. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
Wheeler, Tony (6 June 2006). "Afghanistan Practicalities". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
"Benawa Institute of Higher Education | Tuition | Admission - Counselor Corporation". 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
"Mirwais Neeka Institute of Higher Education - Counselor Corporation". 19 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
"Saba Institute of Higher Education | Fee & Academics - Counselor Corporation". 27 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
"Malalay University | Tuition and Fees | Academics - Counselor Corporation". 19 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
"Punja Sahib: The Miracle at Hassan Abdal". Wonders of Pakistan. 13 April 2009. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
Cusack, Jake (19 July 2011). "Spending Time With the Karzais in (Parts of) Kandahar". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
"Aino Mina Development". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
U.S. Department of State, U.S. Government Agency Grants $3 Million to Build Afghan Homes Archived 4 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine
"Case study: Aino Mina". Design Middle East. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
Naadem, Bashir Ahmed (16 August 2011). "Construction of Hameedi township starts in Kandahar". Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
Afghanistan Investment Support Agency, Afghanistan Industrial Parks Development Authority Archived 21 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine
"20 acres of land donated for cricket stadium in Kandahar | Pajhwok Afghan News". 29 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
Iqbal Ahmad Esmati (13 February 2005), Football Ground, archived from the original on 10 August 2016, retrieved 8 May 2021
"2003 National Geographic Population Map" (PDF). Thomas Gouttierre, Center For Afghanistan Studies, University of Nebraska at Omaha; Matthew S. Baker, Stratfor. National Geographic Society. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
"B. Demography and Population" (PDF). United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and Afghanistan Statistical Yearbook 2006, Central Statistics Office. Afghanistan's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2012.
هنریار, ارشاد (26 May 2019). "فارسی زبان‌های قندهار؛ پیشتاز زرگری و رای‌گیری". BBC News فارسی (in Persian). Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
"شورای همبستگی تاجیکان قندهار آغاز به فعالیت کرد". tajikmedia.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.

wondersofpakistan.wordpress.com

"Punja Sahib: The Miracle at Hassan Abdal". Wonders of Pakistan. 13 April 2009. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.

worldcat.org

Zetterstéen, K. V. (1960). "ʿAbbād b. Ziyād". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 5. OCLC 495469456.
Kaplan 2008, p. 188. Kaplan, Robert D. (2008). Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-54698-2. OCLC 48367823.

wsws.org

Cogan, James (16 August 2008). "Hundreds dead in fighting along Afghanistan-Pakistan border". World Socialist Web Site. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2008.