Levant (English Wikipedia)

"The state of Israel: Internal influence driving change". BBC News. 6 November 2011. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
Irshaid, Faisal (2 December 2015). "Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many names". BBC. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2018.

bc.edu (Global: 4,969^th place; English: 2,859^th place)

ejournals.bc.edu

Franck Salameh, "From the Editors", The Levantine Review 1:1:1-6 (Spring 2012), doi:10.6017/lev.v1i1.2154, full text Archived 28 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

"At the beginning of this Introduction I have indicated how difficult it is to choose a general accepted name for the region this book deals with. In Europe we are used to the late Roman name 'Palestine,' and the designation 'Palestinian Archaeology' has a long history. According to Byzantine usage it included CisJordan and TransJordan and even Lebanon and Sinai. In modern times, however, the name 'Palestine' has exclusively become the political designation for a restricted area. Furthermore, in the period this book deals with a region called 'Palestine' did not yet exist. Also the ancient name 'Canaan' cannot be used as it refers to an older period in history. Designations as: 'The Land(s) of the Bible' or 'the Holy Land' evoke the suspicion of a theological bias. 'The Land of Israel' does not apply to the situation because it never included Lebanon or the greater part of modern Jordan. Therefore I have joined those who today advocate the designation 'Southern Levant.' Although I confess that it is an awkward name, it is at least strictly geographical." (Geus 2003, p. 6) Geus, C. H. J. de (2003), Towns in Ancient Israel and in the Southern Levant, Peeters Publishers, p. 6, ISBN 978-90-429-1269-4
Gagarin 2009, p. 247; Oxford Dictionaries 2015. Gagarin, Michael (31 December 2009), Ancient Greece and Rome, vol. 1, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, p. 247, ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6 "Levant", Oxford Dictionaries Online, Oxford University Press
Gagarin 2009, p. 247 Gagarin, Michael (31 December 2009), Ancient Greece and Rome, vol. 1, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, p. 247, ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6
Steiner & Killebrew, p. 9 Archived 1 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine: "The general limits ..., as defined here, begin at the Plain of 'Amuq in the north and extend south until the Wâdī al-Arish, along the northern coast of Sinai. ... The western coastline and the eastern deserts set the boundaries for the Levant ... The Euphrates and the area around Jebel el-Bishrī mark the eastern boundary of the northern Levant, as does the Syrian Desert beyond the Anti-Lebanon range's eastern hinterland and Mount Hermon. This boundary continues south in the form of the highlands and eastern desert regions of Transjordan."
Gagarin 2009, p. 247; Naim 2011, p. 921 Gagarin, Michael (31 December 2009), Ancient Greece and Rome, vol. 1, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, p. 247, ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6 Naim, Samia (2011), "Dialects of the Levant", in Weninger, Stefan; et al. (eds.), The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook, Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, p. 921
Steiner & Killebrew, p. 2 Archived 1 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Lapidus, Ira M. (13 October 2014) [1988]. A History of Islamic Societies (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-521-51430-9.
Shoup, John A (31 October 2011). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia. Abc-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-362-0. Retrieved 26 May 2014.

brillonline.com (Global: 1,475^th place; English: 1,107^th place)

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Retsö, Jan. ""Aramaic in Levantine Dialects" in "Aramaic/Syriac Loanwords"". Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Brill Reference Online. Retrieved 7 February 2024. The Arabic spoken in Syria and Mesopotamia has replaced Aramaic dialects there and it can be assumed that a bilingual situation existed for a long time and that numerous Aramaic lexemes found their way into Arabic during this period. The presence of Aramaic lexemes is well studied in Lebanese Arabic (Féghali 1918; Freyha 1973) and the dialects spoken in the Anti-Lebanon (Arnold and Behnstedt 1993) but can be found in dictionaries from the entire Syro-Palestinian area (cf. Barbot 1961). The material collected by Féghali and Freyha shows that, unlike in the ʿarabiyya, most borrowings preserve the Aramaic phonology… The Aramaic vocabulary is likely to be the largest foreign element in the Arabic lexicon even if the exact extent is difficult to define.

cbrl.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sandra Rosendahl (28 November 2006). "Council for British Research in the Levant homepage". Cbrl.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2 June 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2010.

columbia.edu (Global: 554^th place; English: 368^th place)

gulf2000.columbia.edu

"Christian Population of Middle East in 2014". The Gulf/2000 Project, School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University. 2017. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2018.

degruyter.com (Global: 927^th place; English: 757^th place)

Yaron Matras; Jeanette Sakel (2007). Grammatical Borrowing in Cross-Linguistic Perspective. De Gruyter. p. 185. doi:10.1515/9783110199192. ISBN 978-3-11-019919-2. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024. The fact that nearly all Arabic loans in Ma'lula originate from the period before the change from the rural dialect to the city dialect of Damascus shows that the contact between the Aramaeans and the Arabs was intimate…

dergipark.org.tr (Global: 1,340^th place; English: 2,278^th place)

Mutlu, Servet. "Late Ottoman population and its ethnic distribution". pp. 29–31. Corrected population M8.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Franck Salameh, "From the Editors", The Levantine Review 1:1:1-6 (Spring 2012), doi:10.6017/lev.v1i1.2154, full text Archived 28 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
Yaron Matras; Jeanette Sakel (2007). Grammatical Borrowing in Cross-Linguistic Perspective. De Gruyter. p. 185. doi:10.1515/9783110199192. ISBN 978-3-11-019919-2. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024. The fact that nearly all Arabic loans in Ma'lula originate from the period before the change from the rural dialect to the city dialect of Damascus shows that the contact between the Aramaeans and the Arabs was intimate…
Haber, Marc; Gauguier, Dominique; Youhanna, Sonia; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Botigué, Laura R.; Platt, Daniel E.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Wells, R. Spencer; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Comas, David; Zalloua, Pierre A. (28 February 2013). "Genome-Wide Diversity in the Levant Reveals Recent Structuring by Culture". PLOS Genetics. 9 (2) e1003316. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003316. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 3585000. PMID 23468648.
Almarri, Mohamed A.; Haber, Marc; Lootah, Reem A.; et al. (2021). "The genomic history of the Middle East". Cell. 184 (18): 4612–4625. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.013. PMC 8445022. PMID 34352227.
Haber, Marc; Nassar, Joyce; Almarri, Mohamed A.; Saupe, Tina; Saag, Lehti; Griffith, Samuel J.; Doumet-Serhal, Claude; Chanteau, Julien; Saghieh-Beydoun, Muntaha; Xue, Yali; Scheib, Christiana L.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2020). "A Genetic History of the Near East from an aDNA Time Course Sampling Eight Points in the Past 4,000 Years". American Journal of Human Genetics. 107 (1): 149–157. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.05.008. PMC 7332655. PMID 32470374.

ethnologue.com (Global: 354^th place; English: 413^th place)

"Jordan and Syria". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2018.

harrassowitz-verlag.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

Prof. Dr. Werner Arnold (2006). Lehrbuch des Neuwestaramäischen (in German). Harrassowitz. p. 133. ISBN 978-3-447-05313-6. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024. Aramäern in Ma'lūla

levantine-journal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Journal of Levantine Studies". The Van Leer Jerusalem Institute. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
"About JLS". Journal of Levantine Studies. 2022. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
Anat Lapidot-Firilla, "Editor's Note", Journal of Levantine Studies 1:1:5-12 (Summer 2011) full text Archived 19 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine

lit-verlag.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dr. Emna Labidi (2022). Untersuchungen zum Spracherwerb zweisprachiger Kinder im Aramäerdorf Dschubbadin (Syrien) (in German). LIT. p. 133. ISBN 978-3-643-15261-9. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024. Aramäer von Ǧubbˁadīn

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

ngm.nationalgeographic.com

"Ancient Ashkelon – National Geographic Magazine". Ngm.nationalgeographic.com. 17 October 2002. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2011.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Haber, Marc; Gauguier, Dominique; Youhanna, Sonia; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Botigué, Laura R.; Platt, Daniel E.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Wells, R. Spencer; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Comas, David; Zalloua, Pierre A. (28 February 2013). "Genome-Wide Diversity in the Levant Reveals Recent Structuring by Culture". PLOS Genetics. 9 (2) e1003316. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003316. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 3585000. PMID 23468648.
Almarri, Mohamed A.; Haber, Marc; Lootah, Reem A.; et al. (2021). "The genomic history of the Middle East". Cell. 184 (18): 4612–4625. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.013. PMC 8445022. PMID 34352227.
Haber, Marc; Nassar, Joyce; Almarri, Mohamed A.; Saupe, Tina; Saag, Lehti; Griffith, Samuel J.; Doumet-Serhal, Claude; Chanteau, Julien; Saghieh-Beydoun, Muntaha; Xue, Yali; Scheib, Christiana L.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2020). "A Genetic History of the Near East from an aDNA Time Course Sampling Eight Points in the Past 4,000 Years". American Journal of Human Genetics. 107 (1): 149–157. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.05.008. PMC 7332655. PMID 32470374.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Haber, Marc; Gauguier, Dominique; Youhanna, Sonia; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Botigué, Laura R.; Platt, Daniel E.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Wells, R. Spencer; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Comas, David; Zalloua, Pierre A. (28 February 2013). "Genome-Wide Diversity in the Levant Reveals Recent Structuring by Culture". PLOS Genetics. 9 (2) e1003316. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003316. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 3585000. PMID 23468648.
Almarri, Mohamed A.; Haber, Marc; Lootah, Reem A.; et al. (2021). "The genomic history of the Middle East". Cell. 184 (18): 4612–4625. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.013. PMC 8445022. PMID 34352227.
Haber, Marc; Nassar, Joyce; Almarri, Mohamed A.; Saupe, Tina; Saag, Lehti; Griffith, Samuel J.; Doumet-Serhal, Claude; Chanteau, Julien; Saghieh-Beydoun, Muntaha; Xue, Yali; Scheib, Christiana L.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2020). "A Genetic History of the Near East from an aDNA Time Course Sampling Eight Points in the Past 4,000 Years". American Journal of Human Genetics. 107 (1): 149–157. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.05.008. PMC 7332655. PMID 32470374.

ourworldindata.org (Global: 2,491^st place; English: 1,740^th place)

"Syria Population - Our World in Data". www.ourworldindata.org. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; English: 1,468^th place)

dictionary.reference.com

Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary. "Levant". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2012.

ucla.edu (Global: 885^th place; English: 584^th place)

nelc.ucla.edu

Biblical and Levantine studies Archived 6 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, UCLA

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Steiner & Killebrew, p. 9 Archived 1 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine: "The general limits ..., as defined here, begin at the Plain of 'Amuq in the north and extend south until the Wâdī al-Arish, along the northern coast of Sinai. ... The western coastline and the eastern deserts set the boundaries for the Levant ... The Euphrates and the area around Jebel el-Bishrī mark the eastern boundary of the northern Levant, as does the Syrian Desert beyond the Anti-Lebanon range's eastern hinterland and Mount Hermon. This boundary continues south in the form of the highlands and eastern desert regions of Transjordan."
"Ancient Ashkelon – National Geographic Magazine". Ngm.nationalgeographic.com. 17 October 2002. Archived from the original on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
"The state of Israel: Internal influence driving change". BBC News. 6 November 2011. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary. "Levant". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
"Journal of Levantine Studies". The Van Leer Jerusalem Institute. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
Sandra Rosendahl (28 November 2006). "Council for British Research in the Levant homepage". Cbrl.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2 June 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
Biblical and Levantine studies Archived 6 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine, UCLA
"About JLS". Journal of Levantine Studies. 2022. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
Anat Lapidot-Firilla, "Editor's Note", Journal of Levantine Studies 1:1:5-12 (Summer 2011) full text Archived 19 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine
Franck Salameh, "From the Editors", The Levantine Review 1:1:1-6 (Spring 2012), doi:10.6017/lev.v1i1.2154, full text Archived 28 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
Irshaid, Faisal (2 December 2015). "Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? One group, many names". BBC. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
Steiner & Killebrew, p. 2 Archived 1 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
"Syria Population - Our World in Data". www.ourworldindata.org. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
"Christian Population of Middle East in 2014". The Gulf/2000 Project, School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University. 2017. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
"Jordan and Syria". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
Yaron Matras; Jeanette Sakel (2007). Grammatical Borrowing in Cross-Linguistic Perspective. De Gruyter. p. 185. doi:10.1515/9783110199192. ISBN 978-3-11-019919-2. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024. The fact that nearly all Arabic loans in Ma'lula originate from the period before the change from the rural dialect to the city dialect of Damascus shows that the contact between the Aramaeans and the Arabs was intimate…
Dr. Emna Labidi (2022). Untersuchungen zum Spracherwerb zweisprachiger Kinder im Aramäerdorf Dschubbadin (Syrien) (in German). LIT. p. 133. ISBN 978-3-643-15261-9. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024. Aramäer von Ǧubbˁadīn
Prof. Dr. Werner Arnold (2006). Lehrbuch des Neuwestaramäischen (in German). Harrassowitz. p. 133. ISBN 978-3-447-05313-6. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024. Aramäern in Ma'lūla

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

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Haber, Marc; Gauguier, Dominique; Youhanna, Sonia; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Botigué, Laura R.; Platt, Daniel E.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Wells, R. Spencer; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Comas, David; Zalloua, Pierre A. (28 February 2013). "Genome-Wide Diversity in the Levant Reveals Recent Structuring by Culture". PLOS Genetics. 9 (2) e1003316. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003316. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 3585000. PMID 23468648.

Levant (English Wikipedia)

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