List of ethnic slurs and epithets by ethnicity (English Wikipedia)

Forbes, Duncan (1848). "gora". A Dictionary, Hindustani and English: to which added a revised part, English and Hindustani. Wm. H. Allen, London.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931). "goro". A Comparative And Etymological Dictionary Of The Nepali Language. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.
Kline Jr., Hibberd V. B. (1958). "The Union of South Africa". The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 17. Chicago, Field Enterprises Educational Corp. p. 8254.
Opie, Iona; Opie, Peter, eds. (1973). The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. pp. 400–401. ISBN 0198691114.
Shli︠a︡khov, V. I. (Vladimir Ivanovich) (1999). "КАЦАП". Dictionary of Russian slang & colloquial expressions = Russkiĭ sleng. Hauppauge, N.Y. : Barron's. ISBN 978-0-7641-1019-1.
Laitin, David D. (1998). Identity in Formation: The Russian-speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Cornell University Press. p. 175. ISBN 9780801484957. khokhol.
Rawson (1989), p. 19 Rawson, Hugh (1989). Wicked Words. Crown Publishers. ISBN 9780517573341.
Hardie, Ronald G. (1992). "Gypsy". Collins pocket dictionary of English usage. HarperCollins. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-00-470073-1.
Simpson, John A.; E.S.C., Weiner (1989). "Gypsy". The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford : Clarendon Press. p. 524. ISBN 978-0-19-861218-6.

archive.today

"Lito O changed 'Promdi' image, transformed Cebu". SunStar Cebu. July 21, 2021. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.

asale.org

"Diccionario de americanismos: huinca". Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. 2010. Retrieved 2022-05-15.

asianimage.co.uk

"Is it still okay to use the word 'gora'?". Asian Image. 25 June 2018. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.

bartleby.com

"gringo. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000". 3 January 2007. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"'Controversial' golly to be shelved". BBC News. 23 August 2001. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
"After the N-word, the P-word". 2007-06-11. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
"Is the word 'coloured' offensive?". BBC News. 9 November 2006. Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
"Is it a slur to call someone a Jock?". June 14, 2009. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2021 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
"Many Asians 'do not feel British'". BBC. 2007-07-30. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
Coleman, Clive (2010-06-29). "The rules of speech crime". BBC. Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2014-01-29.

bigwordsarepowerful.com

Dunbar, Anwar Y. 3 September 2017. "Are you Cooning? Thoughts on Black America's new favorite racial slur, critical thought, and groupthink." The Big Words Blog Site.

books.google.com

Green (2005), p. 192 Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1.
Green (2005), p. 216 Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1.
Partridge (2006a), p. 517 Partridge, Eric (2006a). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: A–I. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415259378.
Shoup III, John A. (2011). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 50. ISBN 9781598843637.
Partridge (2006b), p. 1103 Partridge, Eric (2006b). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: J–Z. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415259385.
Ayto & Simpson (2010), jungle bunny Ayto, John; Simpson, John (2010). Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199232055.
Ayto & Simpson (2010), munt Ayto, John; Simpson, John (2010). Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199232055.
Dalton, C. H. (2008). A Practical Guide to Racism. Penguin. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-59240-430-8.
Ayto & Simpson (2010), nigra Ayto, John; Simpson, John (2010). Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199232055.
Ayto & Simpson (2010), sooty Ayto, John; Simpson, John (2010). Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199232055.
Green (2005), p. 1419 Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1.
Bayor, Ronald H. (2011). Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans. Vol. 2. Greenwood. p. 882. ISBN 978-0313357862. Retrieved 12 April 2015 – via Google Books.
Green (2005), p. 188 Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1.
Hotten, John Camden (1870). The Slang Dictionary; Or, The Vulgar Words, Street Phrases, and "fast" Expressions of High and Low Society: Many with Their Etymology and a Few with Their History Traced. London: J.C. Hotten. p. 98. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Fuller, Alexandra (2005). Scribbling the Cat: Travels with an African Soldier. Penguin Group US. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-101-11880-1.
Schneiler, Robert J. (2008). Blue & Gold and Black: Racial Integration of the U.S. Naval Academy. Texas A&M University Press. p. 211. ISBN 9781603440004. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
Khambhaita, Priya; Willis, Rosalind (2018). "British-born Indian second-generation 'return' to India". In Leonard, Pauline; Walsh, Katie (eds.). British Migration: Privilege, Diversity and Vulnerability. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315537016-7. ISBN 978-1-134-99255-3. S2CID 199289305.
North, Peter (2008). CultureShock! Cambodia: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 184. ISBN 9789814408912. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
Gillespie, Marie (2002). Television, Ethnicity and Cultural Change. Routledge. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-134-86293-1.
Rothenberg, Paula S. (2008). White Privilege. Worth Publishers. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4292-0660-0. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
Cervasio, Joseph Rocco (2004). Bad News on the Doorstep. Author House. ISBN 9781418407216. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
Liberkowski, Ida; Malizia, Cynthia (2006). Along the Amalfi Drive. Lulu. ISBN 9781847285065. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
Riccitelli, Donna (2012). Mobster's Girl. Amy Rachiele. ISBN 9781478206712.
Partridge (2006a), p. 401 Partridge, Eric (2006a). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: A–I. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415259378.
Simpson, Catherine; Murawska, Renata (2009). Diasporas of Australian Cinema. Intellect Books. ISBN 9781841501970. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
Partridge (2006a), p. 546 Partridge, Eric (2006a). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: A–I. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415259378.
Roediger, David R. (2006). Working Toward Whiteness: How America's Immigrants Became White. Basic Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-0465070732. Archived from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
Hughes, Geoffrey (2015). An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-speaking World. Routledge. p. 259. ISBN 9781317476788. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
T. Talley, Robert (2011). Geocritical Explorations: Space, Place, and Mapping in Literary and Cultural Studies. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780679604266. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
Paredes, Am (1995). Folklore and Culture on the Texas-Mexican Border. University of Texas Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780292765641.
Partridge (2006b), p. 1538 Partridge, Eric (2006b). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: J–Z. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415259385.
Partridge (2006b), p. 2059 Partridge, Eric (2006b). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: J–Z. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415259385.
Lang, John Dunmore (1847). Cooksland in North-eastern Australia: The Future Cottonfield of Great Britain: Its Characteristics and Capabilities for European Colonization. With a Disquisition on the Origin, Manners, and Customs of the Aborigines. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. p. 430. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
Hughes, Geoffrey (2015). An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-speaking World. Routledge. ISBN 9781317476771. Retrieved 23 September 2017 – via Google Books.
Stevenson, Angus; Waite, Maurice (2011). "Coloured". Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Luxury Edition. Oxford University Press. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-19-960111-0.
Fowler, Henry Watson (2015). "Hottentot". Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-19-966135-0.
Adhikari, Mohamed (2005). Not White Enough, Not Black Enough: Racial Identity in the South African Coloured Community. Ohio University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-89680-442-5.
Partridge (2006b), p. 1195, Lebo Partridge, Eric (2006b). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: J–Z. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415259385.
Berkhoff, Karel C. 2008. Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule. Belknap Press. ISBN 0674027183. p. 60.
Green (2005), p. 1124 Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1.
Leigh, Mark (2013). EUrrgh!: Is it Just Me or is Europe merde?. Little, Brown Book Group. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-4721-0940-8. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
McCabe, James (2011). "Language and Landscapes of Ireland". In Marie Mianowski (ed.). Irish Contemporary Landscapes in Literature and the Arts. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-230-36029-7. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
Allen, Irving L. (1990). Unkind words: ethnic labeling from Redskin to WASP. Bergin & Garvey. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-89789-217-9. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
Lanclos, Donna M. (2003). At Play in Belfast: Children's Folklore and Identities in Northern Ireland. Rutgers University Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-8135-3322-3. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
Green (2005), p. 481 Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1.
Dalzell, Tom (2018). "Eyetie". The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English. Routledge. ISBN 9781351765206.
Partridge (2006a), p. 934 Partridge, Eric (2006a). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: A–I. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780415259378.
Alexander Mikaberidze (2011). Ilya Radozhitskii's Campaign Memoirs. Lulu. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-105-16871-0. Archived from the original on 2019-05-08. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
Benjamin Harshav (1986). American Yiddish Poetry: A Bilingual Anthology. University of California Press. p. 559. ISBN 978-0-520-04842-3.
Fuller, Alexandra (2005). Scribbling the Cat: Travels with an African Soldier. Penguin Group US. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-101-11880-1.
Grillo, Evelio (2000). Black Cuban, Black American A Memoir. Arte Publico Press. p. x. ISBN 9781611920376.
Rivero, Yeidy (2005). Tuning Out Blackness Race and Nation in the History of Puerto Rican Television. Duke University Press. p. 61. ISBN 9780822335436.
Bodenheimer, Rebecca (2015). Geographies of Cubanidad Place, Race, and Musical Performance in Contemporary Cuba. University Press of Mississippi. p. x. ISBN 9781626746848.
Smitherman, Geneva (1986). Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America. Wayne State University Press. p. 68. ISBN 0-8143-1805-3. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
Green (2005), p. 29 Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1.

brasilturquia.com.br

"Jorge Amado: São turcos ou árabes?". Brasilturquia.com.br.

cbc.ca

Laura Payton. MP Karygiannis Accused of Berating Civil Servants . 26 August 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2012.

ceeol.com

Rychlík, Jan (2007). "The Consciousness of the Slavonic Orthodox Population in Pirin Macedonia and the Identity of the Population of Moravia and Moravian Slovakia". Sprawy Narodowościowe (31): 183–197. Archived from the original on May 23, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2009.

channel4.com

When Britain Went To War, archived from the original on 2006-05-10, retrieved 2021-06-13

chrt-tcdp.gc.ca

Warman v. Beaumont, CHRT (Canadian Human Rights Commission 2007) ("I haven't seen the new $50 bills, but the $20s and $100s I have seen. I have talked with a few people about them (who aren't WN) but they don't like the fact that there is native stuff on the bills. I mean, who wants to pay for something and be reminded of a chug? Not me!"), archived from the original.

cnn.com

Elassar, Alaa. 9 November 2019. "Uncle Ruckus of 'The Boondocks' was replaced with a photo of Kanye West in a MAGA hat Archived 2020-11-09 at the Wayback Machine." CNN.

commondreams.org

archive.commondreams.org

Gonsalves, Sean (April 11, 2000). "Who Are The Bush People?". Cape Cod Times. Archived from the original on 2013-11-02.

conicyt.cl

scielo.conicyt.cl

“E aqí, pues, dos razas distintas”. Paradigmas raciales en Chile (siglos XVIII-XXI): significados y deslindes conceptuales

consregsardegna.it

www3.consregsardegna.it

Acta Curiarum Regni Sardiniae, 24, II, 165/2 (PDF). Cagliari: Consiglio Regionale della Sardegna. 2000. p. 1276. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-08-11. Retrieved 2022-08-01.

danteonline.it

Dehumanizing language with regard to the island in Italian literature started with Dante Alighieri's De Vulgari Eloquentia, wherein the Sardinians are compared to "apes that imitate humans" (Lib. I, XI, 7 Archived 2021-02-27 at the Wayback Machine) because of the language they used to speak. Cfr. Casula, Francesco (2017, Il Manifesto). I sardi? Ladri e delinquenti. Ed anche "negri" Archived 2019-10-12 at the Wayback Machine

dexonline.ro

"'macaronar' on DEXonline". dexonline.ro. 2010. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.

discovermagazine.com

"The Cape Coloureds are a mix of everything". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 2023-02-24. Retrieved 2023-03-02.

doi.org

Christopher, A. J. (2002). "'To Define the Indefinable': Population Classification and the Census in South Africa". Area. 34 (4): 401–408. Bibcode:2002Area...34..401C. doi:10.1111/1475-4762.00097. ISSN 0004-0894. JSTOR 20004271. Archived from the original on 2022-11-14. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
Khambhaita, Priya; Willis, Rosalind (2018). "British-born Indian second-generation 'return' to India". In Leonard, Pauline; Walsh, Katie (eds.). British Migration: Privilege, Diversity and Vulnerability. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315537016-7. ISBN 978-1-134-99255-3. S2CID 199289305.
Vergara, Jorge Iván; Gundermann, Hans (2012). "Constitution and internal dynamics of the regional identitary in Tarapacá and Los Lagos, Chile". Chungara (in Spanish). 44 (1). University of Tarapacá: 115–134. doi:10.4067/s0717-73562012000100009.
Shoemaker, Nancy (June 1997). "How Indians Got to be Red" (PDF). The American Historical Review. 102 (3): 627–28. doi:10.2307/2171504. JSTOR 2171504. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
Kennedy, Randall L. (Winter 1999–2000). "Who Can Say "Nigger"? And Other Considerations" (PDF). The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (26): 86–96 [87]. doi:10.2307/2999172. JSTOR 2999172. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Vizmuller-Zocco, Jana (1995). "The Languages of Italian Canadians". Italica. 72 (4): 512–529. doi:10.2307/480180. JSTOR 480180. Archived from the original on 2022-08-20. Retrieved 2022-08-20.
Aguirre, B.E. (1994). "Cuban Mass Migration and the Social Construction of Deviants". Bulletin of Latin American Research. 13 (2): 155–183. doi:10.2307/3338273. JSTOR 3338273.

dsae.co.za

"bushy". Dictionary of South African English. Archived from the original on 2023-03-04. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
"gammat". Dictionary of South African English. Archived from the original on 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
"houtkop". Dictionary of South African English. Archived from the original on 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2023-03-01.

dsl.ac.uk

"teuchter". Scottish National Dictionary. Edinburgh University. Archived from the original on 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2019-05-25.

duden.de

"Zigeuner". Duden. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

eldesconcierto.cl

"Audiencia en caso Mapuexpress: Querellante pidió censurar al medio a cambio de retirar la demanda". El Desconcierto (in Spanish). July 27, 2017. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2019.

elmercurio.com

diario.elmercurio.com

Cañas Palacios, Gastón (20 September 2010). "Roto chileno" (ASP) (in Spanish). diario.elmercurio.com. Retrieved 2 August 2013.

engelfriet.net

Waarom wordt een Duitser Mof genoemd ??? Archived 2015-07-12 at the Wayback Machine (Dutch)

errc.org

Kokora, Dragana. ""Cigan" and Roma are not Synonyms". European Roma Rights Centre (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

estadao.com.br

internacional.estadao.com.br

"Por causa dos passaportes otomanos, libaneses são chamados de turcos no Brasil". Internacional.estadao.com.br. Retrieved 2 July 2022.

etymonline.com

Harper, Douglas. "coon". Online Etymology Dictionary.
"ofay – Origin and history of ofay by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
"Scotch, origin and meaning". Etymonline. Archived from the original on 2020-01-21. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
"wop Origin and history of wop by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary: "Yankee Archived 2013-11-03 at the Wayback Machine". 2013. Accessed 13 Jul 2013.

expat.or.id

"Don't Call Me Bule!: How expatriates experience a word". Living in Indonesia, A Site for Expatriates. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

foxnews.com

"Hispanic Groups Criticize Ad Guru for Calling Rubio 'Coconut'". Fox News. 2010-02-24. Archived from the original on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2014-04-30.

gelocal.it

ricerca.gelocal.it

"Itri, 4 luglio 1911 quando i "negri" erano gli operai sardi". La Nuova Sardegna. 2010. Archived from the original on 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
""Ti sbatto in Sardegna", quando certi stereotipi sono duri a morire". La Nuova Sardegna. 2014. Archived from the original on 2020-01-26. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
"Il principe Savoia e i sardi: "capre che puzzano"". La Nuova Sardegna. 2006. Archived from the original on 2020-07-23. Retrieved 2020-02-10.

goabroad.com

Thompson, Amanda (October 10, 2019). "Traveling Smart: 7 Offensive Words To Avoid Abroad". GoAbroad. Archived from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2019-05-24.

gojp.com

"Gweilo". www.gojp.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

goudenhoorn.com

White, Karin (1999). "Metal-workers, agriculturists, acrobats, military-people and fortune-tellers: Roma (Gypsies) in and around the Byzantine empire". Golden Horn. 7 (2). Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Christopher, A. J. (2002). "'To Define the Indefinable': Population Classification and the Census in South Africa". Area. 34 (4): 401–408. Bibcode:2002Area...34..401C. doi:10.1111/1475-4762.00097. ISSN 0004-0894. JSTOR 20004271. Archived from the original on 2022-11-14. Retrieved 2023-03-02.

scholar.harvard.edu

"Reading Racism: Or, How I'm Learning to Wrestle with "Little House on the Prairie"". scholar.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2022-02-27. Retrieved 2022-02-27.

hcs.harvard.edu

"The Confession of a Banana". Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.

heartfm.co.za

"More racism allegations at Curro school". Heart FM. 5 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2023-03-01.

huffingtonpost.com

Hund, University of Hamburg, Wulf D.; Mills, Northwestern University, Charles W. (29 February 2016). "Comparing Black People to Monkeys has a Long, Dark Simian History". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
Varagur, Krithika (23 May 2016). "Obama Signs Bill Removing 'Oriental' and 'Negro' From Federal Laws". Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017 – via Huff Post.

independent.co.uk

"In Buenos Aires, they think England are the 'pirates'". The Independent. October 22, 2011. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.

infobae.com

"Paraguay: por qué a los argentinos les dicen "curepíes"". Infobae (in European Spanish). 9 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.

ivdnt.org

anw.ivdnt.org

"Kaaskop – ANW (Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek)". Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
"Tatta – ANW (Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek)".

jimcrowhistory.org

"Arkansas Jim Crow". 18 May 2008. Archived from the original on 18 May 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

johnpirelliosia.org

Sperduto Oliver, Elvira. "The Joy of Growing Up Italian". John Pirelli Lodge #1633 Osdia. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2015.

jstor.org

Christopher, A. J. (2002). "'To Define the Indefinable': Population Classification and the Census in South Africa". Area. 34 (4): 401–408. Bibcode:2002Area...34..401C. doi:10.1111/1475-4762.00097. ISSN 0004-0894. JSTOR 20004271. Archived from the original on 2022-11-14. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
Shoemaker, Nancy (June 1997). "How Indians Got to be Red" (PDF). The American Historical Review. 102 (3): 627–28. doi:10.2307/2171504. JSTOR 2171504. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
Kennedy, Randall L. (Winter 1999–2000). "Who Can Say "Nigger"? And Other Considerations" (PDF). The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (26): 86–96 [87]. doi:10.2307/2999172. JSTOR 2999172. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
Vizmuller-Zocco, Jana (1995). "The Languages of Italian Canadians". Italica. 72 (4): 512–529. doi:10.2307/480180. JSTOR 480180. Archived from the original on 2022-08-20. Retrieved 2022-08-20.
Aguirre, B.E. (1994). "Cuban Mass Migration and the Social Construction of Deviants". Bulletin of Latin American Research. 13 (2): 155–183. doi:10.2307/3338273. JSTOR 3338273.
Duany, Jorge (1995). "Neither Golden Exile nor Dirty Worm: Ethnic Identity in Recent Cuban-American Novels". Cuban Studies. 23: 168. JSTOR 24487023. Archived from the original on 2022-09-23. Retrieved 2022-10-03.

keeptalkinggreece.com

Moussakas is and remains Greek, not North-Macedonian or FYROMian Archived 2019-12-16 at the Wayback Machine Keep Talking Greece. 11 February 2019.

kielitoimistonsanakirja.fi

ryssä Archived 2022-12-10 at the Wayback Machine in Kielitoimiston sanakirja. 2022. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35. URN:NBN:fi:kotus-201433. Continuously updated. Updated 10.11.2022 [referenced 14.12.2022].
iivana Archived 2022-12-14 at the Wayback Machine and vanja Archived 2022-12-14 at the Wayback Machine in Kielitoimiston sanakirja. 2022. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35. URN:NBN:fi:kotus-201433. Continuously updated. Updated 10.11.2022 [referenced 14.12.2022].
slobo Archived 2022-12-14 at the Wayback Machine in Kielitoimiston sanakirja. 2022. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35. URN:NBN:fi:kotus-201433. Continuously updated. Updated 10.11.2022 [referenced 14.12.2022].

kotobank.jp

日本国語大辞典, デジタル大辞泉,精選版. "バタ臭い(バタクサイ)とは? 意味や使い方". コトバンク (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-08-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

kyivpost.com

Putin unapologetic, uncompromising on war against Ukraine, Kyiv Post (18 December 2014)

lakotacountrytimes.com

Francis Whitebird. "Derogatory terms used in history". Lakota Country Times. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2015.

lanuovasardegna.it

""I sardi si accoppiano con le pecore". Villaggio fa esplodere un caso in tv". La Nuova Sardegna. 2012. Archived from the original on 2020-09-16. Retrieved 2020-02-10.

latimes.com

Bay, Austin (2007-01-28). "Iraq's battlefield slang". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-04-14.

lexico.com

"nip". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020.
"Oriental". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on April 30, 2020.
"pommy". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020.
"Buckra". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.

macedoniansaregreeksen.blogspot.com

Yeritsidou, Olga G. (2008-04-12). "Citizen Action Regarding the Skopjan Matter: Report Sent to International Organizations, April 8, 2008". Citizen Action Regarding the Skopjan Matter. Retrieved 2024-12-12.

macmillandictionary.com

"Makwerekwere". Macmillan Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2017-06-16. Retrieved 2023-03-04.

manifestosardo.org

Dehumanizing language with regard to the island in Italian literature started with Dante Alighieri's De Vulgari Eloquentia, wherein the Sardinians are compared to "apes that imitate humans" (Lib. I, XI, 7 Archived 2021-02-27 at the Wayback Machine) because of the language they used to speak. Cfr. Casula, Francesco (2017, Il Manifesto). I sardi? Ladri e delinquenti. Ed anche "negri" Archived 2019-10-12 at the Wayback Machine

marketwire.com

Macedonians Demand Resignation of Liberal MP Jim Karygiannis Archived 2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine. Macedonian Human Rights Movement International. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2012.

mauistreet.blogspot.com.au

Morgan Godfery (19 September 2011). "Maui Street". mauistreet.blogspot.com.au. Archived from the original on 2018-01-12. Retrieved 2018-03-22.

mediadiversified.org

Abbey, Nels. 11 October 2018. "In defence of 'Uncle Tom' and 'coconut'." Media Diversified. Retrieved 15 August 2020.

medium.com

Suarez, Luciano (November 19, 2018). "¿Que significa "veneco" y cual es su verdadero origen?". Medium. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.

merriam-webster.com

"Jim Crow". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
"nig-nog". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
"Chinaman". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
"Oriental". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
"haole". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
"squaw". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.

miaminewtimes.com

"In Cubiche, Voices of Cuba's Lost Generation Unite in Song". www.miaminewtimes.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-26. Retrieved 2020-01-25.

mzansitaal.co.za

"gam". Mzansi Taal – Online Dictionary of Township Lingo. 2 October 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2023-03-01.

nation.cymru

"The top 12 most satisfying Welsh language insults to aim at your worst enemy – or your mates". Nation.Cymru. 2022-04-28. Archived from the original on 2023-01-30. Retrieved 2023-03-22.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

"The National Archives". The National Archives. Retrieved 2020-04-29.

nepaliexpert.com

dictionary.nepaliexpert.com

"Habsi meaning in English". Nepali to English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2021-05-21. Retrieved 2021-05-21.

newzealand.co.nz

nzguide.newzealand.co.nz

"Kiwi Speak (Colloquialisms): H". New Zealand.co.nz. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.

npr.org

Brody, Ben (4 December 2013). "U.S. Military Lingo: The (Almost) Definitive Guide". NPR. Archived from the original on 2023-07-24.

nspu.ru

spmsl.ipmip.nspu.ru

"Слово Цыгане" [The word Tsygane] (in Russian). Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет – Институт филологии, массовой информации и психологии (Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University – Institute for Philology, Mass Information and Psychology). Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

nytimes.com

Taubman, Howard (24 April 1964). "Theater: 'Blues for Mister Charlie'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.

oed.com

"Spade". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

openedition.org

journals.openedition.org

Duany, Jorge (1999). "Cuban communities in the United States: migration waves, settlement patterns and socioeconomic diversity". Pouvoirs dans la Caraïbe. 11: 103. Archived from the original on 2023-02-13. Retrieved 2022-10-03 – via OpenEdition Journals.

overland.org.au

Flynn, Chris (2010-10-01). "The language of war". Overland literary journal. Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-04-14.

oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

"Oxford University Press". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries. 2024. Retrieved February 16, 2024.

oxfordreference.com

"boonga" Deverson, Tony (2004). The New Zealand Oxford Dictionary. Oxford Reference Online. ISBN 978-0-19-558451-6. Retrieved 6 May 2006. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
"ginzo" The New Oxford American Dictionary, second edition. Ed. Erin McKean. (Oxford University Press: 2005.) [Accessed 6 May 2006]

parliament.uk

publications.parliament.uk

House of Commons Women & Equalities Committee (5 April 2019). "Tackling inequalities faced by Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities". UK Parliament. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

pbs.org

"The Language of War" Archived 2017-03-19 at the Wayback Machine, on the American Experience/Vietnam Online website. Retrieved August 31, 2007.

peopleofonefire.com

Shoemaker, Nancy (June 1997). "How Indians Got to be Red" (PDF). The American Historical Review. 102 (3): 627–28. doi:10.2307/2171504. JSTOR 2171504. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2020-04-30.

philly.com

articles.philly.com

Mucha, Peter. "A better 'best hoagies' list". Philly.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2015.

pitt.edu

d-scholarship.pitt.edu

Nikolaeva, Sardana (2013). "Not Tainted by the Past": Re-Constructions and Negotiations of Coloured Identities among University Coloured Students in Post-Apartheid South Africa (PhD thesis). University of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.

princeton.edu

wordnetweb.princeton.edu

"Whitey". Princeton WordNet listing. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013.

radiosvoboda.org

"Як українці стають «Укропами»" Archived 2016-05-07 at the Wayback Machine, ("How Ukrainian become 'Ukrops'") Radio Liberty, Ukraininan redaction

rae.es

dle.rae.es

"Sudaca". Real Academia Española (Royal Spanish Academy). Retrieved 22 April 2019.

redpepper.org.uk

"In the eye of the storm". Archived from the original on 2022-05-28. Retrieved 2022-08-23.

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

"Yellow". Archived from the original on 2014-04-17.
"dink". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
"the definition of greaseball". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
wop. Dictionary.com. Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. "Wop". Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007.

sardegnadigitallibrary.it

"Ti sbatto in Sardegna. Sardegna Digital Library". Rai. 1967. Archived from the original on 2020-07-23. Retrieved 2020-01-26.

sardiniapost.it

"Trent'anni dopo, riecco il razzismo antisardo. Alla sbarra otto carabinieri". Sardiniapost. 2015. Archived from the original on 2020-08-18. Retrieved 2020-01-23.

scheerpost.com

"Patrick Lawrence: Reeking of Butter". scheerpost.com. 2022-08-07. Archived from the original on 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-08-31.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Khambhaita, Priya; Willis, Rosalind (2018). "British-born Indian second-generation 'return' to India". In Leonard, Pauline; Walsh, Katie (eds.). British Migration: Privilege, Diversity and Vulnerability. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315537016-7. ISBN 978-1-134-99255-3. S2CID 199289305.

squarespace.com

static1.squarespace.com

Ferroggiaro, Will (2019). Social Media, Discrimination and Intolerance in South Africa: A Lexicon of Hateful Terms (PDF) (Report). Media Monitoring Africa. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2023.

stuff.co.nz

"It's the great Eskimo debate". Waikato Times. 12 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-09.

sunstar.com.ph

"Lito O changed 'Promdi' image, transformed Cebu". SunStar Cebu. July 21, 2021. Archived from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.

tcnj.edu

kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu

"Gook". Rhetoric of Race. 2003. Archived from the original on February 24, 2009.
Wolarsky, Eric (2001). "Kike". Interactive Dictionary of Racial Language. Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2013.

theaustralian.com.au

"Operation Blue Gum gets the chainsaw". The Australian. 19 March 2010. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

thefreedictionary.com

The Free Dictionary Archived 2019-03-19 at the Wayback Machine ^gook.
"Yid". Thefreedictionary.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.

theguardian.com

Muir, High (2010-06-29). "Hideously diverse Britain: Understanding the 'coconut' row". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2013-09-15. Retrieved 2014-01-29.

thehindu.com

Lazarus, Susanna Myrtle (18 January 2015). "The Indian firangi". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

thejournal.ie

""Paddy likes to know what the story is" – Ireland's Taoiseach-in-waiting promises to tell the truth". TheJournal.ie. February 26, 2011. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015. Enda Kenny says once he has the full facts about the economic crisis, he'll keep us informed. ... He promised that the Irish people would be kept informed of the economic situation, saying: The incoming government is not going to leave our people in the dark ...Paddy likes to know what the story is.

thestar.com

Sampson, Susan (22 December 2007). "Pleasing polenta | The Star". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.

timesofisrael.com

Lebovic, Matt (20 December 2016). "On David Friedman, the 'kapo' smear, and Jewish honor". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 2019-02-13. Retrieved 2019-03-09.

treccani.it

"Crucco". Treccani (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
"Continente". Treccani. Archived from the original on 2019-08-27. Retrieved 2020-01-04.
"Continentale". Treccani.
<<L'impiego di continente e di continentale, diffuso in tutta l'area sarda, rivela un significato peculiare poiché (come nota Dettori 2007) con questi lessemi i sardi si riferiscono non solo alla penisola italiana e ai suoi abitanti, ma anche alla Sicilia e ai siciliani.>> Ines Loi Corvetto (2011). "Sardegna, italiano di in "Enciclopedia dell'italiano"". Treccani. Archived from the original on 2020-01-25. Retrieved 2020-01-04.
"sardigna in Vocabolario – Treccani". www.treccani.it. Archived from the original on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
"sardegnòlo". Treccani. Archived from the original on 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2020-01-03.

uc.cl

repositorio.uc.cl

Rebolledo Hernández, Antonia (1994). "La "Turcofobia". Discriminación anti-Árabe en Chile" (PDF). Historia (in Spanish). 28: 249–272.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

unam.mx

biblat.unam.mx

Kornfeld, Laura Malena (2011). "Gramática y política del insulto: La revista Barcelona" (PDF). Revista Question. 1 (29).

untref.edu.ar

"Diccionario Latinoamericano de la Lengua Española; curepí". National University of Tres de Febrero. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2019.

uottawa.ca

"Tabaret". Tabaret. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011.

vanderbilt.edu

commonplace.vanderbilt.edu

Kennedy, Randall L. (Winter 1999–2000). "Who Can Say "Nigger"? And Other Considerations" (PDF). The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (26): 86–96 [87]. doi:10.2307/2999172. JSTOR 2999172. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2014.

vice.com

Cooper, Wilbert L. 25 February 2013. "'The Boondocks' Creator Aaron McGruder Tells Us About 'The Uncle Ruckus Movie' Archived 2020-04-30 at the Wayback Machine." VICE.

washingtonpost.com

"Strutting Season". The Washington Post. 2003-07-06. Archived from the original on 2011-01-31. Retrieved 2010-05-08.

wave3.com

Leonard, Connie. 14 August 2019. "AG candidate Daniel Cameron on racial slur: 'I've been called worse' Archived 2020-11-08 at the Wayback Machine." Wave3.

web.archive.org

"The Cape Coloureds are a mix of everything". Discover Magazine. Archived from the original on 2023-02-24. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
Christopher, A. J. (2002). "'To Define the Indefinable': Population Classification and the Census in South Africa". Area. 34 (4): 401–408. Bibcode:2002Area...34..401C. doi:10.1111/1475-4762.00097. ISSN 0004-0894. JSTOR 20004271. Archived from the original on 2022-11-14. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
"Operation Blue Gum gets the chainsaw". The Australian. 19 March 2010. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
"bushy". Dictionary of South African English. Archived from the original on 2023-03-04. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
"More racism allegations at Curro school". Heart FM. 5 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
Wilton, David (28 June 2018). "Cotton Picking, Cotton Picker". Word Origins. Archived from the original on 2023-02-24. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
Leonard, Connie. 14 August 2019. "AG candidate Daniel Cameron on racial slur: 'I've been called worse' Archived 2020-11-08 at the Wayback Machine." Wave3.
Nikolaeva, Sardana (2013). "Not Tainted by the Past": Re-Constructions and Negotiations of Coloured Identities among University Coloured Students in Post-Apartheid South Africa (PhD thesis). University of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
"gammat". Dictionary of South African English. Archived from the original on 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
"gam". Mzansi Taal – Online Dictionary of Township Lingo. 2 October 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-09-26. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
"'Controversial' golly to be shelved". BBC News. 23 August 2001. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
"Habsi meaning in English". Nepali to English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2021-05-21. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
"houtkop". Dictionary of South African English. Archived from the original on 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
"Arkansas Jim Crow". 18 May 2008. Archived from the original on 18 May 2008. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Hund, University of Hamburg, Wulf D.; Mills, Northwestern University, Charles W. (29 February 2016). "Comparing Black People to Monkeys has a Long, Dark Simian History". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2016.
"Makwerekwere". Macmillan Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2017-06-16. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
Gonsalves, Sean (April 11, 2000). "Who Are The Bush People?". Cape Cod Times. Archived from the original on 2013-11-02.
Ferroggiaro, Will (2019). Social Media, Discrimination and Intolerance in South Africa: A Lexicon of Hateful Terms (PDF) (Report). Media Monitoring Africa. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
"The Language of War" Archived 2017-03-19 at the Wayback Machine, on the American Experience/Vietnam Online website. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
"Etymology of Selected Words of Indian Language Origin". Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
The Free Dictionary Archived 2019-03-19 at the Wayback Machine ^gook.
"Gook". Rhetoric of Race. 2003. Archived from the original on February 24, 2009.
"nip". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020.
"Oriental". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on April 30, 2020.
Varagur, Krithika (23 May 2016). "Obama Signs Bill Removing 'Oriental' and 'Negro' From Federal Laws". Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017 – via Huff Post.
"Yellow". Archived from the original on 2014-04-17.
Hotten, John Camden (1870). The Slang Dictionary; Or, The Vulgar Words, Street Phrases, and "fast" Expressions of High and Low Society: Many with Their Etymology and a Few with Their History Traced. London: J.C. Hotten. p. 98. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"In the eye of the storm". Archived from the original on 2022-05-28. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
"dink". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
Schneiler, Robert J. (2008). Blue & Gold and Black: Racial Integration of the U.S. Naval Academy. Texas A&M University Press. p. 211. ISBN 9781603440004. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
Francis Whitebird. "Derogatory terms used in history". Lakota Country Times. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
Flynn, Chris (2010-10-01). "The language of war". Overland literary journal. Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
Brody, Ben (4 December 2013). "U.S. Military Lingo: The (Almost) Definitive Guide". NPR. Archived from the original on 2023-07-24.
Bay, Austin (2007-01-28). "Iraq's battlefield slang". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
"Patrick Lawrence: Reeking of Butter". scheerpost.com. 2022-08-07. Archived from the original on 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
"Butter in Japan : Butter". www.webexhibits.org. Archived from the original on 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
日本国語大辞典, デジタル大辞泉,精選版. "バタ臭い(バタクサイ)とは? 意味や使い方". コトバンク (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-08-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Don't Call Me Bule!: How expatriates experience a word". Living in Indonesia, A Site for Expatriates. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Taubman, Howard (24 April 1964). "Theater: 'Blues for Mister Charlie'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
"Farang in the Concise Oxford Dictionary (2008), Oxford University Press". Archived from the original on 2012-03-29. Retrieved 2023-04-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Lazarus, Susanna Myrtle (18 January 2015). "The Indian firangi". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
"Is it still okay to use the word 'gora'?". Asian Image. 25 June 2018. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
"gringo. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000". 3 January 2007. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
"Gweilo". www.gojp.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Rothenberg, Paula S. (2008). White Privilege. Worth Publishers. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4292-0660-0. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
"Tabaret". Tabaret. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011.
Mucha, Peter. "A better 'best hoagies' list". Philly.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
Sperduto Oliver, Elvira. "The Joy of Growing Up Italian". John Pirelli Lodge #1633 Osdia. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
"ofay – Origin and history of ofay by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
"A Visual Database of Extremist Symbols, Logos and Tattoos". adl.org. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Roediger, David R. (2006). Working Toward Whiteness: How America's Immigrants Became White. Basic Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-0465070732. Archived from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
"the definition of greaseball". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Suarez, Luciano (November 19, 2018). "¿Que significa "veneco" y cual es su verdadero origen?". Medium. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
Warman v. Beaumont, CHRT (Canadian Human Rights Commission 2007) ("I haven't seen the new $50 bills, but the $20s and $100s I have seen. I have talked with a few people about them (who aren't WN) but they don't like the fact that there is native stuff on the bills. I mean, who wants to pay for something and be reminded of a chug? Not me!"), archived from the original.
"It's the great Eskimo debate". Waikato Times. 12 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
"Reading Racism: Or, How I'm Learning to Wrestle with "Little House on the Prairie"". scholar.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 2022-02-27. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
Shoemaker, Nancy (June 1997). "How Indians Got to be Red" (PDF). The American Historical Review. 102 (3): 627–28. doi:10.2307/2171504. JSTOR 2171504. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
Kennedy, Randall L. (Winter 1999–2000). "Who Can Say "Nigger"? And Other Considerations" (PDF). The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (26): 86–96 [87]. doi:10.2307/2999172. JSTOR 2999172. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
"Audiencia en caso Mapuexpress: Querellante pidió censurar al medio a cambio de retirar la demanda". El Desconcierto (in Spanish). July 27, 2017. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
Lang, John Dunmore (1847). Cooksland in North-eastern Australia: The Future Cottonfield of Great Britain: Its Characteristics and Capabilities for European Colonization. With a Disquisition on the Origin, Manners, and Customs of the Aborigines. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. p. 430. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
"Kiwi Speak (Colloquialisms): H". New Zealand.co.nz. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
"Is the word 'coloured' offensive?". BBC News. 9 November 2006. Archived from the original on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
"Yarpie Archived 2019-07-26 at the Wayback Machine", allwords.com.
וייס, אבי כהן ואפרת (16 June 2009). "השר אהרונוביץ' לסוכן מלוכלך: "ערבוש אמיתי" – חדשות" [Minister of Public Security apologizes for using the offensive term 'Arabush']. Ynet (in Hebrew). Y-net News. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
Lebovic, Matt (20 December 2016). "On David Friedman, the 'kapo' smear, and Jewish honor". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 2019-02-13. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
Wolarsky, Eric (2001). "Kike". Interactive Dictionary of Racial Language. Archived from the original on 2 June 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
"Yid". Thefreedictionary.com. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
"pommy". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020.
"In Buenos Aires, they think England are the 'pirates'". The Independent. October 22, 2011. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
"Is it a slur to call someone a Jock?". June 14, 2009. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2021 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
Thompson, Amanda (October 10, 2019). "Traveling Smart: 7 Offensive Words To Avoid Abroad". GoAbroad. Archived from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
"Scotch, origin and meaning". Etymonline. Archived from the original on 2020-01-21. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
"teuchter". Scottish National Dictionary. Edinburgh University. Archived from the original on 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
"The top 12 most satisfying Welsh language insults to aim at your worst enemy – or your mates". Nation.Cymru. 2022-04-28. Archived from the original on 2023-01-30. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
"Kaaskop – ANW (Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek)". Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
"Crucco". Treccani (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
Waarom wordt een Duitser Mof genoemd ??? Archived 2015-07-12 at the Wayback Machine (Dutch)
"Webster's 1913". Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
""Paddy likes to know what the story is" – Ireland's Taoiseach-in-waiting promises to tell the truth". TheJournal.ie. February 26, 2011. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015. Enda Kenny says once he has the full facts about the economic crisis, he'll keep us informed. ... He promised that the Irish people would be kept informed of the economic situation, saying: The incoming government is not going to leave our people in the dark ...Paddy likes to know what the story is.
"Continente". Treccani. Archived from the original on 2019-08-27. Retrieved 2020-01-04.
<<L'impiego di continente e di continentale, diffuso in tutta l'area sarda, rivela un significato peculiare poiché (come nota Dettori 2007) con questi lessemi i sardi si riferiscono non solo alla penisola italiana e ai suoi abitanti, ma anche alla Sicilia e ai siciliani.>> Ines Loi Corvetto (2011). "Sardegna, italiano di in "Enciclopedia dell'italiano"". Treccani. Archived from the original on 2020-01-25. Retrieved 2020-01-04.
Vizmuller-Zocco, Jana (1995). "The Languages of Italian Canadians". Italica. 72 (4): 512–529. doi:10.2307/480180. JSTOR 480180. Archived from the original on 2022-08-20. Retrieved 2022-08-20.
"Strutting Season". The Washington Post. 2003-07-06. Archived from the original on 2011-01-31. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
"'macaronar' on DEXonline". dexonline.ro. 2010. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
Sampson, Susan (22 December 2007). "Pleasing polenta | The Star". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
wop. Dictionary.com. Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. "Wop". Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
"wop Origin and history of wop by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
"Trent'anni dopo, riecco il razzismo antisardo. Alla sbarra otto carabinieri". Sardiniapost. 2015. Archived from the original on 2020-08-18. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
"Itri, 4 luglio 1911 quando i "negri" erano gli operai sardi". La Nuova Sardegna. 2010. Archived from the original on 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
"Ti sbatto in Sardegna. Sardegna Digital Library". Rai. 1967. Archived from the original on 2020-07-23. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
""Ti sbatto in Sardegna", quando certi stereotipi sono duri a morire". La Nuova Sardegna. 2014. Archived from the original on 2020-01-26. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
"sardigna in Vocabolario – Treccani". www.treccani.it. Archived from the original on 2021-01-22. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
Acta Curiarum Regni Sardiniae, 24, II, 165/2 (PDF). Cagliari: Consiglio Regionale della Sardegna. 2000. p. 1276. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-08-11. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
"sardegnòlo". Treccani. Archived from the original on 2020-01-03. Retrieved 2020-01-03.
Dehumanizing language with regard to the island in Italian literature started with Dante Alighieri's De Vulgari Eloquentia, wherein the Sardinians are compared to "apes that imitate humans" (Lib. I, XI, 7 Archived 2021-02-27 at the Wayback Machine) because of the language they used to speak. Cfr. Casula, Francesco (2017, Il Manifesto). I sardi? Ladri e delinquenti. Ed anche "negri" Archived 2019-10-12 at the Wayback Machine
"Il principe Savoia e i sardi: "capre che puzzano"". La Nuova Sardegna. 2006. Archived from the original on 2020-07-23. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
""I sardi si accoppiano con le pecore". Villaggio fa esplodere un caso in tv". La Nuova Sardegna. 2012. Archived from the original on 2020-09-16. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
Moussakas is and remains Greek, not North-Macedonian or FYROMian Archived 2019-12-16 at the Wayback Machine Keep Talking Greece. 11 February 2019.
Rychlík, Jan (2007). "The Consciousness of the Slavonic Orthodox Population in Pirin Macedonia and the Identity of the Population of Moravia and Moravian Slovakia". Sprawy Narodowościowe (31): 183–197. Archived from the original on May 23, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2009.
Canadian Member of Parliament Refers to Macedonians as 'Skopjans'. Action Alert. 21 September 2007.
Macedonians Demand Resignation of Liberal MP Jim Karygiannis Archived 2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine. Macedonian Human Rights Movement International. 11 May 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
Ant1 News Archived 2008-03-02 at the Wayback Machine, Ώρα μηδέν για το Σκοπιανό (Time Zero for the Skopjan issue), Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
Alexander Mikaberidze (2011). Ilya Radozhitskii's Campaign Memoirs. Lulu. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-105-16871-0. Archived from the original on 2019-05-08. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
ryssä Archived 2022-12-10 at the Wayback Machine in Kielitoimiston sanakirja. 2022. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35. URN:NBN:fi:kotus-201433. Continuously updated. Updated 10.11.2022 [referenced 14.12.2022].
iivana Archived 2022-12-14 at the Wayback Machine and vanja Archived 2022-12-14 at the Wayback Machine in Kielitoimiston sanakirja. 2022. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35. URN:NBN:fi:kotus-201433. Continuously updated. Updated 10.11.2022 [referenced 14.12.2022].
slobo Archived 2022-12-14 at the Wayback Machine in Kielitoimiston sanakirja. 2022. Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35. URN:NBN:fi:kotus-201433. Continuously updated. Updated 10.11.2022 [referenced 14.12.2022].
"Як українці стають «Укропами»" Archived 2016-05-07 at the Wayback Machine, ("How Ukrainian become 'Ukrops'") Radio Liberty, Ukraininan redaction
"Buckra". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.
Morgan Godfery (19 September 2011). "Maui Street". mauistreet.blogspot.com.au. Archived from the original on 2018-01-12. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
"Whitey". Princeton WordNet listing. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
Quinion, Michael B. (2 January 1996). "My fellow Merkins". World Wide Words. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary: "Yankee Archived 2013-11-03 at the Wayback Machine". 2013. Accessed 13 Jul 2013.
When Britain Went To War, archived from the original on 2006-05-10, retrieved 2021-06-13
"Paraguay: por qué a los argentinos les dicen "curepíes"". Infobae (in European Spanish). 9 September 2009. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
"Diccionario Latinoamericano de la Lengua Española; curepí". National University of Tres de Febrero. Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
"In Cubiche, Voices of Cuba's Lost Generation Unite in Song". www.miaminewtimes.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-26. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
Duany, Jorge (1995). "Neither Golden Exile nor Dirty Worm: Ethnic Identity in Recent Cuban-American Novels". Cuban Studies. 23: 168. JSTOR 24487023. Archived from the original on 2022-09-23. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
Duany, Jorge (1999). "Cuban communities in the United States: migration waves, settlement patterns and socioeconomic diversity". Pouvoirs dans la Caraïbe. 11: 103. Archived from the original on 2023-02-13. Retrieved 2022-10-03 – via OpenEdition Journals.
Cooper, Wilbert L. 25 February 2013. "'The Boondocks' Creator Aaron McGruder Tells Us About 'The Uncle Ruckus Movie' Archived 2020-04-30 at the Wayback Machine." VICE.
Elassar, Alaa. 9 November 2019. "Uncle Ruckus of 'The Boondocks' was replaced with a photo of Kanye West in a MAGA hat Archived 2020-11-09 at the Wayback Machine." CNN.
Smitherman, Geneva (1986). Talkin and Testifyin: The Language of Black America. Wayne State University Press. p. 68. ISBN 0-8143-1805-3. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
"The Confession of a Banana". Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
"Hispanic Groups Criticize Ad Guru for Calling Rubio 'Coconut'". Fox News. 2010-02-24. Archived from the original on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
"Many Asians 'do not feel British'". BBC. 2007-07-30. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
Coleman, Clive (2010-06-29). "The rules of speech crime". BBC. Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
Muir, High (2010-06-29). "Hideously diverse Britain: Understanding the 'coconut' row". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2013-09-15. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
Kokora, Dragana. ""Cigan" and Roma are not Synonyms". European Roma Rights Centre (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
White, Karin (1999). "Metal-workers, agriculturists, acrobats, military-people and fortune-tellers: Roma (Gypsies) in and around the Byzantine empire". Golden Horn. 7 (2). Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
"Слово Цыгане" [The word Tsygane] (in Russian). Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет – Институт филологии, массовой информации и психологии (Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University – Institute for Philology, Mass Information and Psychology). Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

webexhibits.org

"Butter in Japan : Butter". www.webexhibits.org. Archived from the original on 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2024-08-31.

websters1913.com

"Webster's 1913". Archived from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-01.

wikipedia.org

ru.wikipedia.org

"Слово Цыгане" [The word Tsygane] (in Russian). Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет – Институт филологии, массовой информации и психологии (Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University – Institute for Philology, Mass Information and Psychology). Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cracker" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 359; see last four lines. In the southern states of America, "cracker" is a term of contempt for the "poor" or "mean whites," particularly of Georgia and Florida
Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Boche" . Encyclopedia Americana.

wmich.edu

"Etymology of Selected Words of Indian Language Origin". Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2013.

wordorigins.org

Wilton, David (28 June 2018). "Cotton Picking, Cotton Picker". Word Origins. Archived from the original on 2023-02-24. Retrieved 2023-03-01.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Christopher, A. J. (2002). "'To Define the Indefinable': Population Classification and the Census in South Africa". Area. 34 (4): 401–408. Bibcode:2002Area...34..401C. doi:10.1111/1475-4762.00097. ISSN 0004-0894. JSTOR 20004271. Archived from the original on 2022-11-14. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
Rappoport, Leon (2005). Punchlines : the case for racial, ethnic, and gender humor. Westport, Conn. : Praeger Publishers. p. 47. OCLC 1004590710.

worldwidewords.org

Quinion, Michael B. (2 January 1996). "My fellow Merkins". World Wide Words. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.

x.com

Larry Elder [@larryelder] (26 July 2018). ""Uncle Tom": (synonyms) "coon"; "Uncle Ruckus"; "coconut"; "Oreo; " "foot-shuffler; " "sell-out"; "self-loathing"; "buck dancer"; "a--licker"; "butt-kisser" (definition): a black conservative winning an argument against a black liberal" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

ynet.co.il

וייס, אבי כהן ואפרת (16 June 2009). "השר אהרונוביץ' לסוכן מלוכלך: "ערבוש אמיתי" – חדשות" [Minister of Public Security apologizes for using the offensive term 'Arabush']. Ynet (in Hebrew). Y-net News. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.