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Nathaniel Zelinsky. "ISIS Sends a Message: What Gestures Say About Today's Middle East", Foreign Affairs 3 September 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2015. Archived at the Internet Archive from the original "But for ISIS, the symbol is more sinister than a mere declaration of monotheistic beliefs. As Salafi jihadists, members of the group adhere to a fundamentalist interpretation of tawhid that rejects non-fundamentalist regimes as idolatrous. In other words, the concept of tawhid is central to ISIS' violent and uncompromising posture toward its opponents, both in the Middle East and in the West."
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