List of natural disasters by death toll (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "List of natural disasters by death toll" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

54web.archive.org

1^st place

17doi.org

2^nd place

10nih.gov

4^th place

4noaa.gov

212^th place

172^nd place

4semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4books.google.com

3^rd place

3livescience.com

1,190^th place

959^th place

3harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

2archive.today

14^th place

2bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

2oregonstate.edu

2,041^st place

1,331^st place

2usgs.gov

167^th place

198^th place

1cbc.ca

115^th place

82^nd place

1listverse.com

low place

8,408^th place

1pbs.org

198^th place

154^th place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

1businessinsider.in

2,666^th place

1,519^th place

1cnn.com

28^th place

26^th place

1colorado.edu

2,526^th place

1,796^th place

1xinhuanet.com

309^th place

660^th place

1mothernature.news

low place

1dailypioneer.com

2,987^th place

1,646^th place

1ndma.gov.in

low place

1icimod.org

low place

1history.com

555^th place

467^th place

1prezi.com

7,490^th place

7,902^nd place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1unaids.org

5,436^th place

5,222^nd place

1justiniansflea.com

low place

1ucla.edu

782^nd place

585^th place

1arcgis.com

2,359^th place

1,698^th place

1healthdata.org

low place

1economist.com

254^th place

236^th place

1themessenger.com

low place

9,926^th place

1sciencemag.org

857^th place

3,832^nd place

1newscientist.com

774^th place

716^th place

1kepu.net.cn

low place

1sagepub.com

731^st place

638^th place

1fao.org

318^th place

411^th place

1cambridge.org

305^th place

264^th place

1mccip.org.uk

low place

1bodc.ac.uk

low place

1thetimes.co.uk

170^th place

119^th place

1indiatimes.com

17^th place

15^th place

1thinkquest.org

5,173^rd place

5,110^th place

1ucm.es

1,613^th place

3,265^th place

1nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net

low place

1york.ac.uk

7,670^th place

5,196^th place

1archive.org

6^th place

1earthmagazine.org

low place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1mtu.edu

9,412^th place

6,528^th place

1nasa.gov

75^th place

83^rd place

1eastbaytimes.com

5,979^th place

3,198^th place

1brookings.edu

1,634^th place

1,093^rd place

1wunderground.com

4,976^th place

3,595^th place

arcgis.com

gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com

"ArcGIS Dashboards- COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University". gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2022.

archive.org

Gates, Alexander E.; Ritchie, David (2007). Encyclopedia of earthquakes and volcanoes (3rd ed.). New York: Facts on File. p. 291. ISBN 978-0816072705.

archive.today

"ArcGIS Dashboards- COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University". gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
"Volcano World – Galunggung". volcano.oregonstate.edu. January 27, 2021. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2017.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Past pandemics that ravaged Europe" Archived October 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, November 7, 2005
"BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1985: Volcano kills thousands in Colombia". BBC. November 13, 1985. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2017.

bodc.ac.uk

Haigh, Ivan D.; Bradshaw, Elizabeth. "A century of UK coastal flooding" (PDF). Planet Earth (Winter 2015): 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.

books.google.com

"The Peru Earthquake: A Special Study". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Oct 1970 (8): 17. October 1970. Bibcode:1970BuAtS..26h..17.. doi:10.1080/00963402.1970.11457853. Archived from the original on September 17, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
Schuster, R.L.; Salcedo, D.A.; Valenzuela, L. (2002). "Overview of catastrophic landslides of South America in the twentieth century". In Evans S.G.; Degraff J.V. (eds.). Catastrophic landslides: Effects, Occurrence, and Mechanisms. Reviews in Engineering Geology. Vol. 15. Geological Society of America. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-8137-4115-4. Archived from the original on September 17, 2023. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
Austin Alchon, Suzanne (2003). A pest in the land: new world epidemics in a global perspective. University of New Mexico Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8263-2871-7. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
Yi, Si (1998), "The World's Most Catastrophic Dam Failures: The August 1975 Collapse of the Banqiao and Shimantan Dams", in Dai, Qing (ed.), The River Dragon Has Come!: The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China's Yangtze River and Its People, M.E. Sharpe, p. 28, ISBN 9780765633392, archived from the original on September 17, 2023, retrieved September 12, 2020

britannica.com

"Mount Unzen eruption of 1792 | Japanese history". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2017.

brookings.edu

"Capter 3 It Only Takes A Spark: The Hazard of Wildfires" (PDF). Brookings.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2018.

businessinsider.in

"The 16 deadliest storms of the last century". Business Insider India. September 13, 2017. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.

cambridge.org

Courtney, Chris (2018). The Nature of Disaster in China: The 1931 Yangzi River Flood. Studies in Environment and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-108-41777-8. Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2022.

cbc.ca

"The world's worst natural disasters". CBC News. August 30, 2010 [May 8, 2008]. Retrieved September 21, 2023.

cnn.com

"Haiti Earthquake Fast Facts". CNN. December 12, 2013. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2020.

colorado.edu

cires1.colorado.edu

Bilham, Roger. "The 1737 Calcutta Earthquake and Cyclone evaluated" (PDF). Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. Retrieved September 21, 2023.

dailypioneer.com

"98 cyclones hit Odisha from 1891 to '18". The Pioneer. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.

doi.org

National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information AZERBAIJAN: GYZNDZHA". ngdc.noaa.gov. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Archived from the original on September 30, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
Sun, P.; Li, R.; Jiang, H.; Igwe, O.; Shi, J. (2017). "Earthquake-triggered landslides by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake in Gansu Province, northwest China". Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 76 (4): 1281–1295. doi:10.1007/s10064-016-0949-4. S2CID 132033294.
"The Peru Earthquake: A Special Study". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Oct 1970 (8): 17. October 1970. Bibcode:1970BuAtS..26h..17.. doi:10.1080/00963402.1970.11457853. Archived from the original on September 17, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
Evans, S.G.; Roberts N.J.; Ischuck A.; Delaney K.B.; Morozova G.S. & Tutubalina O. (November 20, 2009). "Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life". Engineering Geology. 109 (3–4): 195–212. Bibcode:2009EngGe.109..195E. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.08.007.
Yablokov, Alexander (February 2001). "The Tragedy of Khait: A Natural Disaster in Tajikistan". Mountain Research and Development. 21 (1): 91–93. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2000)021[0091:TTOKAN]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 3674137.
P. Spreeuwenberg; et al. (December 1, 2018). "Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic". American Journal of Epidemiology. 187 (12): 2561–2567. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy191. PMC 7314216. PMID 30202996.
Acuna-Soto, R.; Romero, L. C.; Maguire, J. H. (2000). "Large epidemics of hemorrhagic fevers in Mexico 1545–1815". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 62 (6): 733–739. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.733. PMID 11304065.
Acuna-Soto, Rodolfo; Stahle, D. W.; Cleaveland, M. K.; Therrell, M. D. (2002). "Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (4): 360–362. doi:10.3201/eid0804.010175. PMC 2730237. PMID 11971767.
Vågene, Åshild J.; Herbig, Alexander; Campana, Michael G.; Robles García, Nelly M.; Warinner, Christina; Sabin, Susanna; Spyrou, Maria A.; Andrades Valtueña, Aida; Huson, Daniel; Tuross, Noreen; Bos, Kirsten I.; Krause, Johannes (2018). "Salmonella enterica genomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (3): 520–528. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0446-6. PMID 29335577. S2CID 3358440.
Patterson KD (1993). "Typhus and its control in Russia, 1870–1940". Med Hist. 37 (4): 361–381 [378]. doi:10.1017/s0025727300058725. PMC 1036775. PMID 8246643.
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
Penuel, K.; Statler, Matt (2011). SAGE Reference – Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief. doi:10.4135/9781412994064. ISBN 9781412971010. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
Haigh, Ivan; Nicholls, R.J. (2017). "Coastal flooding" (PDF). MCCIP Science Review 2017: 98. doi:10.14465/2017.arc10.009-cof. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
Pedro Ribera, Ricardo Garcia-Herrera and Luis Gimeno (July 2008). "Historical Deadly Typhoons in the Philippines" (PDF). Weather. 63 (7): 196. Bibcode:2008Wthr...63..194R. doi:10.1002/wea.275. S2CID 122913766. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
Oppenheimer, Clive (June 1, 2003). "Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment. 27 (2): 230–259. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra. S2CID 131663534.

earthmagazine.org

"Benchmarks: May 8, 1902: The deadly eruption of Mount Pelée". Earth Magazine. April 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2018.

eastbaytimes.com

Rogers, Paul (November 22, 2018). "Camp Fire is deadliest U.S. wildfire in 100 years; eerily similar to 1918 inferno that killed 453". East Bay Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2018.

economist.com

"The pandemic's true death toll". The Economist. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2022.

fao.org

Dimensions of need – People and populations at risk Archived October 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

"The Peru Earthquake: A Special Study". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Oct 1970 (8): 17. October 1970. Bibcode:1970BuAtS..26h..17.. doi:10.1080/00963402.1970.11457853. Archived from the original on September 17, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
Evans, S.G.; Roberts N.J.; Ischuck A.; Delaney K.B.; Morozova G.S. & Tutubalina O. (November 20, 2009). "Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life". Engineering Geology. 109 (3–4): 195–212. Bibcode:2009EngGe.109..195E. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.08.007.
Pedro Ribera, Ricardo Garcia-Herrera and Luis Gimeno (July 2008). "Historical Deadly Typhoons in the Philippines" (PDF). Weather. 63 (7): 196. Bibcode:2008Wthr...63..194R. doi:10.1002/wea.275. S2CID 122913766. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2019.

healthdata.org

covid19.healthdata.org

"COVID-19 Projections". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (University of Washington). Archived from the original on March 26, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2022.

history.com

"This Day in History". Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2014.

icimod.org

lib.icimod.org

"The Landslide Problem" (PDF). IciMod. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"You're experiencing world's 5th deadliest heatwave ever". The Times of India. May 31, 2015. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2015.

jstor.org

Yablokov, Alexander (February 2001). "The Tragedy of Khait: A Natural Disaster in Tajikistan". Mountain Research and Development. 21 (1): 91–93. doi:10.1659/0276-4741(2000)021[0091:TTOKAN]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 3674137.

justiniansflea.com

Rosen, William (2007), Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe Archived July 24, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Viking Adult; p. 3; ISBN 978-0-670-03855-8.

kepu.net.cn

"china virtual museums_quake". Kepu.net.cn. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.

listverse.com

"Top 10 Deadliest Natural Disasters". Listverse. September 7, 2007. Archived from the original on March 28, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.

livescience.com

Pappas, Stephanie; Means, Tiffany (March 3, 2022). "Top 11 Deadliest Natural Disasters in History". livescience.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
June 2017, Nola Taylor Redd (June 26, 2017). "Flood Facts, Types of Flooding, Floods in History". livescience.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
"Krakatoa Volcano: Facts About Deadly Eruption". Live Science. September 15, 2017. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2017.

mccip.org.uk

Haigh, Ivan; Nicholls, R.J. (2017). "Coastal flooding" (PDF). MCCIP Science Review 2017: 98. doi:10.14465/2017.arc10.009-cof. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2020.

mothernature.news

"France's 70-Day Heatwave Of 1911 Killed 41,000 In 'Crushing Heat', Most Were Infants". mothernature.news. July 2, 2019. Archived from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.

mtu.edu

geo.mtu.edu

"Vesuvio: The eruption of 1631". www.geo.mtu.edu. Archived from the original on November 23, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2020.

nasa.gov

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

"Indonesia's Mount Kelut Erupts : Natural Hazards". NASA. February 14, 2014. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2017.

nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net

"Written records of historical tsunamis in the northeastern South China Sea" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2013.

ndma.gov.in

Guidelines for Preparation of Action Plan – Prevention and Management of Heat-Wave (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Management Authority Government of India. 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2021.

newscientist.com

"American plague". New Scientist. December 19, 2000. Archived from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

P. Spreeuwenberg; et al. (December 1, 2018). "Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic". American Journal of Epidemiology. 187 (12): 2561–2567. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy191. PMC 7314216. PMID 30202996.
Jilani, TN; Jamil, RT; Siddiqui, AH (December 14, 2019). H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu). StatPearls. PMID 30020613. Archived from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
Acuna-Soto, R.; Romero, L. C.; Maguire, J. H. (2000). "Large epidemics of hemorrhagic fevers in Mexico 1545–1815". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 62 (6): 733–739. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.733. PMID 11304065.
Acuna-Soto, Rodolfo; Stahle, D. W.; Cleaveland, M. K.; Therrell, M. D. (2002). "Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (4): 360–362. doi:10.3201/eid0804.010175. PMC 2730237. PMID 11971767.
Vågene, Åshild J.; Herbig, Alexander; Campana, Michael G.; Robles García, Nelly M.; Warinner, Christina; Sabin, Susanna; Spyrou, Maria A.; Andrades Valtueña, Aida; Huson, Daniel; Tuross, Noreen; Bos, Kirsten I.; Krause, Johannes (2018). "Salmonella enterica genomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (3): 520–528. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0446-6. PMID 29335577. S2CID 3358440.
Patterson KD (1993). "Typhus and its control in Russia, 1870–1940". Med Hist. 37 (4): 361–381 [378]. doi:10.1017/s0025727300058725. PMC 1036775. PMID 8246643.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

P. Spreeuwenberg; et al. (December 1, 2018). "Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic". American Journal of Epidemiology. 187 (12): 2561–2567. doi:10.1093/aje/kwy191. PMC 7314216. PMID 30202996.
Jilani, TN; Jamil, RT; Siddiqui, AH (December 14, 2019). H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu). StatPearls. PMID 30020613. Archived from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
Acuna-Soto, Rodolfo; Stahle, D. W.; Cleaveland, M. K.; Therrell, M. D. (2002). "Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (4): 360–362. doi:10.3201/eid0804.010175. PMC 2730237. PMID 11971767.
Patterson KD (1993). "Typhus and its control in Russia, 1870–1940". Med Hist. 37 (4): 361–381 [378]. doi:10.1017/s0025727300058725. PMC 1036775. PMID 8246643.

noaa.gov

ngdc.noaa.gov

National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information AZERBAIJAN: GYZNDZHA". ngdc.noaa.gov. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Archived from the original on September 30, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.

nytimes.com

"'76 Termed Among Worst in Toll from Earthquakes". The New York Times. January 24, 1977. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.

oregonstate.edu

volcano.oregonstate.edu

"What is the largest eruption ever? | Volcano World | Oregon State University". Volcano World. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
"Volcano World – Galunggung". volcano.oregonstate.edu. January 27, 2021. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2017.

pbs.org

"NOVA Online | Flood! | Dealing with the Deluge". PBS. Archived from the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2010.

prezi.com

"The Italian Alps Avalanche of 1916". March 11, 2013. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2014.

sagepub.com

sk.sagepub.com

Penuel, K.; Statler, Matt (2011). SAGE Reference – Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief. doi:10.4135/9781412994064. ISBN 9781412971010. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

sciencemag.org

Infectious Diseases: Plague Through History Archived August 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, sciencemag.org

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Sun, P.; Li, R.; Jiang, H.; Igwe, O.; Shi, J. (2017). "Earthquake-triggered landslides by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake in Gansu Province, northwest China". Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 76 (4): 1281–1295. doi:10.1007/s10064-016-0949-4. S2CID 132033294.
Vågene, Åshild J.; Herbig, Alexander; Campana, Michael G.; Robles García, Nelly M.; Warinner, Christina; Sabin, Susanna; Spyrou, Maria A.; Andrades Valtueña, Aida; Huson, Daniel; Tuross, Noreen; Bos, Kirsten I.; Krause, Johannes (2018). "Salmonella enterica genomes from victims of a major sixteenth-century epidemic in Mexico". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (3): 520–528. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0446-6. PMID 29335577. S2CID 3358440.
Pedro Ribera, Ricardo Garcia-Herrera and Luis Gimeno (July 2008). "Historical Deadly Typhoons in the Philippines" (PDF). Weather. 63 (7): 196. Bibcode:2008Wthr...63..194R. doi:10.1002/wea.275. S2CID 122913766. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
Oppenheimer, Clive (June 1, 2003). "Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment. 27 (2): 230–259. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra. S2CID 131663534.

themessenger.com

"COVID is still a pandemic, WHO leader says". TheMessenger. January 3, 2024. Archived from the original on January 2, 2024. Retrieved January 3, 2024.

thetimes.co.uk

Simons, Paul (November 11, 2019). "The great coastal flood of 1099". The Times. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.

thinkquest.org

library.thinkquest.org

ThinkQuest Team #C003603. "Hurricanes: case studies". Library.thinkquest.org. Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

ucla.edu

ph.ucla.edu

Maugh, Thomas. "An Empire's Epidemic". www.ph.ucla.edu. Archived from the original on August 4, 2002. Retrieved March 20, 2020.

ucm.es

eprints.ucm.es

Pedro Ribera, Ricardo Garcia-Herrera and Luis Gimeno (July 2008). "Historical Deadly Typhoons in the Philippines" (PDF). Weather. 63 (7): 196. Bibcode:2008Wthr...63..194R. doi:10.1002/wea.275. S2CID 122913766. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2019.

unaids.org

"Global HIV and AIDS statistics". UNAIDS. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2022.

usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

Wieczorek GF, Larsen MC, Eaton LS, Morgan BA, Blair JL (December 2, 2002). "Debris-flow and flooding hazards associated with the December 1999 storm in coastal Venezuela and strategies for mitigation". U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2010.

earthquake.usgs.gov

"Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.

web.archive.org

"Top 10 Deadliest Natural Disasters". Listverse. September 7, 2007. Archived from the original on March 28, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
"NOVA Online | Flood! | Dealing with the Deluge". PBS. Archived from the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2010.
Pappas, Stephanie; Means, Tiffany (March 3, 2022). "Top 11 Deadliest Natural Disasters in History". livescience.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
"'76 Termed Among Worst in Toll from Earthquakes". The New York Times. January 24, 1977. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
"The 16 deadliest storms of the last century". Business Insider India. September 13, 2017. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
"Haiti Earthquake Fast Facts". CNN. December 12, 2013. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
"The Worst Natural Disasters by Death Toll" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. April 6, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 12, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
National Geophysical Data Center (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information AZERBAIJAN: GYZNDZHA". ngdc.noaa.gov. National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Archived from the original on September 30, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
"Death toll of 1920 China earthquake higher than previously estimated". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
"France's 70-Day Heatwave Of 1911 Killed 41,000 In 'Crushing Heat', Most Were Infants". mothernature.news. July 2, 2019. Archived from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
"98 cyclones hit Odisha from 1891 to '18". The Pioneer. Archived from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved February 5, 2023.
Guidelines for Preparation of Action Plan – Prevention and Management of Heat-Wave (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Management Authority Government of India. 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
"The Landslide Problem" (PDF). IciMod. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
"The Peru Earthquake: A Special Study". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Oct 1970 (8): 17. October 1970. Bibcode:1970BuAtS..26h..17.. doi:10.1080/00963402.1970.11457853. Archived from the original on September 17, 2023. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
Wieczorek GF, Larsen MC, Eaton LS, Morgan BA, Blair JL (December 2, 2002). "Debris-flow and flooding hazards associated with the December 1999 storm in coastal Venezuela and strategies for mitigation". U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
"This Day in History". Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
"The Italian Alps Avalanche of 1916". March 11, 2013. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
Schuster, R.L.; Salcedo, D.A.; Valenzuela, L. (2002). "Overview of catastrophic landslides of South America in the twentieth century". In Evans S.G.; Degraff J.V. (eds.). Catastrophic landslides: Effects, Occurrence, and Mechanisms. Reviews in Engineering Geology. Vol. 15. Geological Society of America. pp. 1–34. ISBN 978-0-8137-4115-4. Archived from the original on September 17, 2023. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
Austin Alchon, Suzanne (2003). A pest in the land: new world epidemics in a global perspective. University of New Mexico Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8263-2871-7. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
Jilani, TN; Jamil, RT; Siddiqui, AH (December 14, 2019). H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu). StatPearls. PMID 30020613. Archived from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
"Global HIV and AIDS statistics". UNAIDS. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
Rosen, William (2007), Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe Archived July 24, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Viking Adult; p. 3; ISBN 978-0-670-03855-8.
Maugh, Thomas. "An Empire's Epidemic". www.ph.ucla.edu. Archived from the original on August 4, 2002. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
"COVID-19 Projections". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (University of Washington). Archived from the original on March 26, 2020. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
"The pandemic's true death toll". The Economist. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
"COVID is still a pandemic, WHO leader says". TheMessenger. January 3, 2024. Archived from the original on January 2, 2024. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
Infectious Diseases: Plague Through History Archived August 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, sciencemag.org
"American plague". New Scientist. December 19, 2000. Archived from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
"Past pandemics that ravaged Europe" Archived October 7, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, November 7, 2005
"Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
"china virtual museums_quake". Kepu.net.cn. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
Penuel, K.; Statler, Matt (2011). SAGE Reference – Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief. doi:10.4135/9781412994064. ISBN 9781412971010. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
Dimensions of need – People and populations at risk Archived October 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Courtney, Chris (2018). The Nature of Disaster in China: The 1931 Yangzi River Flood. Studies in Environment and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-108-41777-8. Archived from the original on August 29, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
Yi, Si (1998), "The World's Most Catastrophic Dam Failures: The August 1975 Collapse of the Banqiao and Shimantan Dams", in Dai, Qing (ed.), The River Dragon Has Come!: The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China's Yangtze River and Its People, M.E. Sharpe, p. 28, ISBN 9780765633392, archived from the original on September 17, 2023, retrieved September 12, 2020
Haigh, Ivan; Nicholls, R.J. (2017). "Coastal flooding" (PDF). MCCIP Science Review 2017: 98. doi:10.14465/2017.arc10.009-cof. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
June 2017, Nola Taylor Redd (June 26, 2017). "Flood Facts, Types of Flooding, Floods in History". livescience.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Haigh, Ivan D.; Bradshaw, Elizabeth. "A century of UK coastal flooding" (PDF). Planet Earth (Winter 2015): 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2020.
Simons, Paul (November 11, 2019). "The great coastal flood of 1099". The Times. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
"You're experiencing world's 5th deadliest heatwave ever". The Times of India. May 31, 2015. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
ThinkQuest Team #C003603. "Hurricanes: case studies". Library.thinkquest.org. Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Pedro Ribera, Ricardo Garcia-Herrera and Luis Gimeno (July 2008). "Historical Deadly Typhoons in the Philippines" (PDF). Weather. 63 (7): 196. Bibcode:2008Wthr...63..194R. doi:10.1002/wea.275. S2CID 122913766. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
"Written records of historical tsunamis in the northeastern South China Sea" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
"The Opportunity of a Disaster: The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Discussion Paper 06/03, Centre for Historical Economics and Related Research at York, York University, 2006" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
"Krakatoa Volcano: Facts About Deadly Eruption". Live Science. September 15, 2017. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
"Benchmarks: May 8, 1902: The deadly eruption of Mount Pelée". Earth Magazine. April 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
"BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1985: Volcano kills thousands in Colombia". BBC. November 13, 1985. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
"Mount Unzen eruption of 1792 | Japanese history". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
"Vesuvio: The eruption of 1631". www.geo.mtu.edu. Archived from the original on November 23, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
"What is the largest eruption ever? | Volcano World | Oregon State University". Volcano World. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
"Indonesia's Mount Kelut Erupts : Natural Hazards". NASA. February 14, 2014. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
Rogers, Paul (November 22, 2018). "Camp Fire is deadliest U.S. wildfire in 100 years; eerily similar to 1918 inferno that killed 453". East Bay Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
"Capter 3 It Only Takes A Spark: The Hazard of Wildfires" (PDF). Brookings.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
Masters, Jeff. "5th Deadliest Wildfire Globally in Past 100 Years: 87 Dead from Monday's Greek Fires". Weather Underground. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2018.

wunderground.com

Masters, Jeff. "5th Deadliest Wildfire Globally in Past 100 Years: 87 Dead from Monday's Greek Fires". Weather Underground. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2018.

xinhuanet.com

news.xinhuanet.com

"Death toll of 1920 China earthquake higher than previously estimated". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2014.

york.ac.uk

"The Opportunity of a Disaster: The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. Discussion Paper 06/03, Centre for Historical Economics and Related Research at York, York University, 2006" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved August 6, 2013.