Lord Kelvin (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Lord Kelvin" in English language version.

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abdn.ac.uk

homepages.abdn.ac.uk

"David Thomson 17 Nov 1817 – 31st Jan 1880". Aberdeen University.

academia.edu

Kragh, Helge (2002). "The Vortex Atom: A Victorian Theory of Everything". Centaurus. 44 (1–2): 32–114. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0498.2002.440102.x. Retrieved 9 March 2019.

archive.org

Thompson, Silvanus (1910). The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. Vol. 1. MacMillan and Co., Limited. p. 98.
Thomson, W. (March 1851). "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M. Regnault's Observations on Steam". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. XX (part II): 261–268, 289–298. Also published in Thomson, W. (December 1852). "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M. Regnault's Observations on Steam". Phil. Mag. 4. IV (22): 8–21.
Lindley, p. 259 Lindley, D. (2004). Degrees Kelvin: A Tale of Genius, Invention and Tragedy. Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 978-0-309-09073-5.
Lindley, p. 293 Lindley, D. (2004). Degrees Kelvin: A Tale of Genius, Invention and Tragedy. Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 978-0-309-09073-5.
Imbrie, John; Imbrie, Katherine Palmer (1986). Ice ages: solving the mystery. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-674-44075-3.
Hamblin, W. Kenneth (1989). The Earth's Dynamic Systems 5th ed. Macmillan Publishing Company. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-02-349381-2.
Perry, John (1895) "On the age of the earth," Nature, 51 : 224–227, 341–342, 582–585. (51:224, 51:341, 51:582 at Internet Archive)
Thompson, Silvanus (1910). The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. Vol. 2. MacMillan and Co., Limited.
Thompson, Silvanus (1910). The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. Vol. 2. MacMillan and Co., Limited. p. 914.

archive.today

"The Evening News – Google News Archive Search". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012.

arxiv.org

Aplin, K. L.; Harrison, R. G. (3 September 2013). "Lord Kelvin's atmospheric electricity measurements". History of Geo- and Space Sciences. 4 (2): 83–95. arXiv:1305.5347. Bibcode:2013HGSS....4...83A. doi:10.5194/hgss-4-83-2013. S2CID 9783512.

books.google.com

Thomson, W. (1891). Popular Lectures and Addresses, Vol. I. London: MacMillan. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-598-77599-3. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
Thompson, Silvanus Phillips (January 1977). "The life of Lord Kelvin". American Journal of Physics. 45 (10): 1095. Bibcode:1977AmJPh..45.1010T. doi:10.1119/1.10735. ISBN 978-0-8284-0292-7.
Thompson, Silvanus Phillips (January 1977). "The life of Lord Kelvin". American Journal of Physics. 45 (10): 998. Bibcode:1977AmJPh..45.1010T. doi:10.1119/1.10735. ISBN 978-0-8284-0292-7.
"Lord Kelvin, Nineteenth Century Clouds over the Dynamical Theory of Heat and Light", reproduced in Notices of the Proceedings at the Meetings of the Members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain with Abstracts of the Discourses, Volume 16, p. 363–397

britannica.com

Sharlin, Harold I. (2019). "William Thomson, Baron Kelvin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 24 January 2020.

caltech.edu

ned.ipac.caltech.edu

"A History of Dark Matter- Gianfranco Bertone & Dan Hooper". ned.ipac.caltech.edu.

cam.ac.uk

venn.lib.cam.ac.uk

"Thomson, William (THN841W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

cerncourier.com

"How dark matter became a particle". CERN Courier. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2022.

diomedia.com

"Lord Kelvin's sailing yacht 'Lalla Rookh', c 1860–1900". stock images.

doi.org

Grabiner, Judy (2002). "Creators of Mathematics: The Irish Connection (book review)" (PDF). Irish Math. Soc. Bull. 48: 67. doi:10.33232/BIMS.0048.65.68. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
Thomson, William (1849). "An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat; with Numerical Results deduced from Regnault's Experiments on Steam". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 16 (5): 541–574. doi:10.1017/s0080456800022481. S2CID 120335729.
Smith, Crosbie. "Thomson, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36507. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Multiple sources:
- Martin, Elizabeth, ed. (2009), "Kelvin, Sir William Thomson, Lord", The New Oxford Dictionary for Scientific Writers and Editors (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199545155.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-954515-5, British theoretical and experimental physicist
- Flood, Raymond; McCartney, Mark; Whitaker, Andrew (28 April 2009). "Kelvin and Ireland". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 158: 011001. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/158/1/011001. S2CID 250690809.
- Hutchison, Iain (2009). "Lord Kelvin and Liberal Unionism". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 158 (1). IOP Publishing: 012004. Bibcode:2009JPhCS.158a2004H. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/158/1/012004. S2CID 250693895.
- Trainer, Matthew (2008). "Lord Kelvin, Recipient of The John Fritz Medal in 1905". Physics in Perspective. 10: 212–223. doi:10.1007/s00016-007-0344-4. S2CID 124435108.
- P.Q.R. (1842). "On the uniform motion of heat and its connection with the mathematical theory of electricity". Cambridge Mathematical Journal. 3: 71–84. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511996009.004.
- Thomson, W. (1848). "On an Absolute Thermometric Scale founded on Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat, and calculated from Regnault's observations". Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. pp. 100–106. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996009.040. ISBN 978-1-108-02898-1.
- Thomson, W. (1849). "An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat; with Numerical Results deduced from Regnault's Experiments on Steam". Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. pp. 113–164. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996009.042. ISBN 978-1-108-02898-1.
- Thomson, W. (1852). "On the dynamical theory of heat; with numerical results deduced from Mr. Joule's equivalent of a thermal unit and M. Regnault's observations on steam". Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–332. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996009.049. ISBN 978-1-108-02898-1.
- Joule, J. P.; Thomson, W. (30 June 2011). "On the thermal effects of fluids in motion". Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. pp. 333–455. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996009.050.
- Thomson, W. (1855). "On the theory of the electric telegraph". Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. pp. 61–76. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996016.009. ISBN 978-1-108-02899-8.
- Thomson, W. (1855). "On Peristaltic Induction of Electric Currents". Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. pp. 77–91 [87]. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996016.011.
- Thomson, W. (1856). "Letters on "telegraphs to America"". Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–102. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996016.012. ISBN 978-1-108-02899-8.
- Thomson, W. (1865). "On the forces concerned in the laying and lifting of deep-sea cables". Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. pp. 153–167. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996016.020. ISBN 978-1-108-02899-8.
- Aplin, K. L.; Harrison, R. G. (3 September 2013). "Lord Kelvin's atmospheric electricity measurements". History of Geo- and Space Sciences. 4 (2): 83–95. arXiv:1305.5347. Bibcode:2013HGSS....4...83A. doi:10.5194/hgss-4-83-2013. S2CID 9783512.
- Aplin, Karen L. (April 2012). "Smoke emissions from industrial western Scotland in 1859 inferred from Lord Kelvin's atmospheric electricity measurements". Atmospheric Environment. 50: 373–376. Bibcode:2012AtmEn..50..373A. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.053.
- Harrison, R. G. (2003). "Twentieth-century atmospheric electrical measurements at the observatories of Kew, Eskdalemuir and Lerwick". Weather. 58 (1): 11–19. Bibcode:2003Wthr...58...11H. doi:10.1256/wea.239.01. S2CID 122673748.
- Takeda, M.; Yamauchi, M.; Makino, M.; Owada, T. (2011). "Initial effect of the Fukushima accident on atmospheric electricity". Geophysical Research Letters. 38 (15). Bibcode:2011GeoRL..3815811T. doi:10.1029/2011GL048511. S2CID 73530372.
- Kragh, Helge (2002). "The Vortex Atom: A Victorian Theory of Everything". Centaurus. 44 (1–2): 32–114. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0498.2002.440102.x. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
- Thomson, Wm. (1867). "On Vortex Atoms". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 6: 94–105. doi:10.1017/S0370164600045430.
- Silliman, Robert H. (1963). "William Thomson: Smoke Rings and Nineteenth-Century Atomism". Isis. 54 (4): 461–474. doi:10.1086/349764. JSTOR 228151. S2CID 144988108.
- Kelvin did pay off gentleman's bet with Strutt on the importance of radioactivity in the Earth. The Kelvin period does exist in the evolution of stars. They shine from gravitational energy for a while (correctly calculated by Kelvin) before fusion and the main sequence begins. Fusion was not understood until well after Kelvin's time. England, P.; Molnar, P.; Righter, F. (January 2007). "John Perry's neglected critique of Kelvin's age for the Earth: A missed opportunity in geodynamics". GSA Today. 17 (1): 4–9. Bibcode:2007GSAT...17R...4E. doi:10.1130/GSAT01701A.1.
- Thomson, William (1862). "On the Secular Cooling of the Earth". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. XXIII: 160–161. doi:10.1017/s0080456800018512. S2CID 126038615.
- Thompson, Silvanus Phillips (January 1977). "The life of Lord Kelvin". American Journal of Physics. 45 (10): 1095. Bibcode:1977AmJPh..45.1010T. doi:10.1119/1.10735. ISBN 978-0-8284-0292-7.
- Thompson, Silvanus Phillips (January 1977). "The life of Lord Kelvin". American Journal of Physics. 45 (10): 998. Bibcode:1977AmJPh..45.1010T. doi:10.1119/1.10735. ISBN 978-0-8284-0292-7.
- Stacey, Frank D. (2000). "Kelvin's age of the Earth paradox revisited". Journal of Geophysical Research. 105 (B6): 13155–13158. Bibcode:2000JGR...10513155S. doi:10.1029/2000JB900028.
- Khramov, Yu A (31 December 1986). "Petr Nikolaevich Lebedev and his school (On the 120th anniversary of the year of his birth)". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 29 (12): 1127–1134. doi:10.1070/PU1986v029n12ABEH003609. ISSN 0038-5670.

electricscotland.com

"Significant Scots. William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)". Electric Scotland. Retrieved 23 July 2018.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hutchison, Iain (2009). "Lord Kelvin and Liberal Unionism". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 158 (1). IOP Publishing: 012004. Bibcode:2009JPhCS.158a2004H. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/158/1/012004. S2CID 250693895.
Aplin, K. L.; Harrison, R. G. (3 September 2013). "Lord Kelvin's atmospheric electricity measurements". History of Geo- and Space Sciences. 4 (2): 83–95. arXiv:1305.5347. Bibcode:2013HGSS....4...83A. doi:10.5194/hgss-4-83-2013. S2CID 9783512.
Aplin, Karen L. (April 2012). "Smoke emissions from industrial western Scotland in 1859 inferred from Lord Kelvin's atmospheric electricity measurements". Atmospheric Environment. 50: 373–376. Bibcode:2012AtmEn..50..373A. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.12.053.
Harrison, R. G. (2003). "Twentieth-century atmospheric electrical measurements at the observatories of Kew, Eskdalemuir and Lerwick". Weather. 58 (1): 11–19. Bibcode:2003Wthr...58...11H. doi:10.1256/wea.239.01. S2CID 122673748.
Takeda, M.; Yamauchi, M.; Makino, M.; Owada, T. (2011). "Initial effect of the Fukushima accident on atmospheric electricity". Geophysical Research Letters. 38 (15). Bibcode:2011GeoRL..3815811T. doi:10.1029/2011GL048511. S2CID 73530372.
Kelvin did pay off gentleman's bet with Strutt on the importance of radioactivity in the Earth. The Kelvin period does exist in the evolution of stars. They shine from gravitational energy for a while (correctly calculated by Kelvin) before fusion and the main sequence begins. Fusion was not understood until well after Kelvin's time. England, P.; Molnar, P.; Righter, F. (January 2007). "John Perry's neglected critique of Kelvin's age for the Earth: A missed opportunity in geodynamics". GSA Today. 17 (1): 4–9. Bibcode:2007GSAT...17R...4E. doi:10.1130/GSAT01701A.1.
Thompson, Silvanus Phillips (January 1977). "The life of Lord Kelvin". American Journal of Physics. 45 (10): 1095. Bibcode:1977AmJPh..45.1010T. doi:10.1119/1.10735. ISBN 978-0-8284-0292-7.
Thompson, Silvanus Phillips (January 1977). "The life of Lord Kelvin". American Journal of Physics. 45 (10): 998. Bibcode:1977AmJPh..45.1010T. doi:10.1119/1.10735. ISBN 978-0-8284-0292-7.
Stacey, Frank D. (2000). "Kelvin's age of the Earth paradox revisited". Journal of Geophysical Research. 105 (B6): 13155–13158. Bibcode:2000JGR...10513155S. doi:10.1029/2000JB900028.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Perry, John (1895) "On the age of the earth," Nature, 51 : 224–227, 341–342, 582–585. (51:224, 51:341, 51:582 at Internet Archive)

ica-atom.org

strathclyde.ica-atom.org

"Maclean, Magnus, 1857–1937, electrical engineer". University of Strathclyde Archives. Retrieved 19 January 2018.

iec.ch

IEC. "1906 Preliminary Meeting Report, pp 46–48" (PDF). The minutes from our first meeting. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2012.

iesis.org

"Honorary Members and Fellows". Institution of Engineers in Scotland. Retrieved 6 October 2012.

iop.org

iopscience.iop.org

Khramov, Yu A (31 December 1986). "Petr Nikolaevich Lebedev and his school (On the 120th anniversary of the year of his birth)". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 29 (12): 1127–1134. doi:10.1070/PU1986v029n12ABEH003609. ISSN 0038-5670.

jstor.org

Silliman, Robert H. (1963). "William Thomson: Smoke Rings and Nineteenth-Century Atomism". Isis. 54 (4): 461–474. doi:10.1086/349764. JSTOR 228151. S2CID 144988108.

linz.govt.nz

gazetteer.linz.govt.nz

"Place name detail: Mount Kelvin". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

natlib.govt.nz

paperspast.natlib.govt.nz

"Papers Past—Evening Post—30 July 1898—A Startling Scientific Prediction". Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 September 2013.

news.google.com

"The Evening News – Google News Archive Search". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012.

nls.uk

digital.nls.uk

"Lord Kelvin biography – Science Hall of Fame – National Library of Scotland". digital.nls.uk. Retrieved 16 April 2023.

oxforddnb.com

Smith, Crosbie. "Thomson, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36507. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

oxfordworldsclassics.com

Otis, Laura (2002). "Literature and Science in the Nineteenth Century: An Anthology". OUP Oxford. Vol. 1. pp. 60–67.

physicsweb.org

McCartney & Whitaker (2002), reproduced on Institute of Physics website

physicsworld.com

McCartney, Mark (1 December 2002). "William Thomson: king of Victorian physics". Physics World. Archived from the original on 15 July 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.

researchgate.net

Ranford, Paul (September 2019). John William Strutt-- the 3rd Baron Rayleigh (1842–1919): Recently studied correspondence. p. 25.
Heuel-Fabianek, Burkhard. "Natürliche Radioisotope: die "Atomuhr" für die Bestimmung des absoluten Alters von Gesteinen und archäologischen Funden". StrahlenschutzPraxis. 1/2017: 31–42.

royalphil.org

Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow (2008). No Mean Society: 200 years of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. 2nd Ed (PDF). Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-9544965-0-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

royalsoced.org.uk

"Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

royalsociety.org

The Royal Society, London

scotbanks.org.uk

"Current Banknotes : Clydesdale Bank". The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers. Retrieved 15 October 2008.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Thomson, William (1849). "An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat; with Numerical Results deduced from Regnault's Experiments on Steam". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 16 (5): 541–574. doi:10.1017/s0080456800022481. S2CID 120335729.
Flood, Raymond; McCartney, Mark; Whitaker, Andrew (28 April 2009). "Kelvin and Ireland". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 158: 011001. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/158/1/011001. S2CID 250690809.
Hutchison, Iain (2009). "Lord Kelvin and Liberal Unionism". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 158 (1). IOP Publishing: 012004. Bibcode:2009JPhCS.158a2004H. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/158/1/012004. S2CID 250693895.
Trainer, Matthew (2008). "Lord Kelvin, Recipient of The John Fritz Medal in 1905". Physics in Perspective. 10: 212–223. doi:10.1007/s00016-007-0344-4. S2CID 124435108.
Aplin, K. L.; Harrison, R. G. (3 September 2013). "Lord Kelvin's atmospheric electricity measurements". History of Geo- and Space Sciences. 4 (2): 83–95. arXiv:1305.5347. Bibcode:2013HGSS....4...83A. doi:10.5194/hgss-4-83-2013. S2CID 9783512.
Harrison, R. G. (2003). "Twentieth-century atmospheric electrical measurements at the observatories of Kew, Eskdalemuir and Lerwick". Weather. 58 (1): 11–19. Bibcode:2003Wthr...58...11H. doi:10.1256/wea.239.01. S2CID 122673748.
Takeda, M.; Yamauchi, M.; Makino, M.; Owada, T. (2011). "Initial effect of the Fukushima accident on atmospheric electricity". Geophysical Research Letters. 38 (15). Bibcode:2011GeoRL..3815811T. doi:10.1029/2011GL048511. S2CID 73530372.
Silliman, Robert H. (1963). "William Thomson: Smoke Rings and Nineteenth-Century Atomism". Isis. 54 (4): 461–474. doi:10.1086/349764. JSTOR 228151. S2CID 144988108.
Thomson, William (1862). "On the Secular Cooling of the Earth". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. XXIII: 160–161. doi:10.1017/s0080456800018512. S2CID 126038615.

st-and.ac.uk

www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk

"Biography of William Thomson's father". Groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2011.

tcd.ie

maths.tcd.ie

Grabiner, Judy (2002). "Creators of Mathematics: The Irish Connection (book review)" (PDF). Irish Math. Soc. Bull. 48: 67. doi:10.33232/BIMS.0048.65.68. Retrieved 27 June 2016.

thegazette.co.uk

"No. 27470". The London Gazette. 2 September 1902. p. 5679.
"No. 27464". The London Gazette. 12 August 1902. p. 5173.
"No. 23185". The London Gazette. 16 November 1866. p. 6062.
"No. 26260". The London Gazette. 23 February 1892. p. 991.
"No. 26758". The London Gazette. 14 July 1896. p. 4026.
"No. 27470". The London Gazette. 2 September 1902. p. 5679.

uio.no

"Honorary doctorates from the University of Oslo 1902–1910". (in Norwegian)

web.archive.org

"Biography of William Thomson's father". Groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
"Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
McCartney, Mark (1 December 2002). "William Thomson: king of Victorian physics". Physics World. Archived from the original on 15 July 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
IEC. "1906 Preliminary Meeting Report, pp 46–48" (PDF). The minutes from our first meeting. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow (2008). No Mean Society: 200 years of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. 2nd Ed (PDF). Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-9544965-0-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

westminster-abbey.org

"William Thomson, Lord Kelvin. Scientist, Mathematician and Engineer". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 23 July 2018. His first wife was Margaret Crum and he married secondly Frances Blandy but had no children.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

P.Q.R. (1841). "Note on a passage in Fourier's 'Heat'". Cambridge Mathematical Journal. 3: 25–27.
Thomson, W. (1889) Address to the Christian Evidence Society

worldcat.org

Khramov, Yu A (31 December 1986). "Petr Nikolaevich Lebedev and his school (On the 120th anniversary of the year of his birth)". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 29 (12): 1127–1134. doi:10.1070/PU1986v029n12ABEH003609. ISSN 0038-5670.

zapatopi.net

Thomson, William (1862). "On the Age of the Sun's Heat". Macmillan's Magazine. Vol. 5. pp. 388–393.
Thomson, Wm. (1867). "On Vortex Atoms". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 6: 94–105. doi:10.1017/S0370164600045430.
""Of Geological Dynamics" excerpts". Zapatopi.net. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
Letter from Lord Kelvin to Baden Powell 8 December 1896
Interview in the Newark Advocate 26 April 1902

zenodo.org

Thomson, William (1849). "An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat; with Numerical Results deduced from Regnault's Experiments on Steam". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 16 (5): 541–574. doi:10.1017/s0080456800022481. S2CID 120335729.
Thomson, W. (1849). "An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat; with Numerical Results deduced from Regnault's Experiments on Steam". Mathematical and Physical Papers. Cambridge University Press. pp. 113–164. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996009.042. ISBN 978-1-108-02898-1.
Thomson, William (1862). "On the Secular Cooling of the Earth". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. XXIII: 160–161. doi:10.1017/s0080456800018512. S2CID 126038615.