MD5 (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "MD5" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

44web.archive.org

1^st place

7iacr.org

5,032^nd place

3,357^th place

6doi.org

2^nd place

5microsoft.com

153^rd place

151^st place

4tue.nl

9,054^th place

6,363^rd place

4ietf.org

214^th place

176^th place

3nist.gov

355^th place

454^th place

2cert.org

low place

2schneier.com

8,888^th place

6,276^th place

2wired.com

193^rd place

152^nd place

1archive.org

6^th place

1colorado.edu

2,526^th place

1,796^th place

1bishopfox.com

low place

1marc-stevens.nl

low place

1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1zdnet.com

786^th place

558^th place

1epfl.ch

4,521^st place

4,877^th place

1free.fr

321^st place

724^th place

1uni-mannheim.de

low place

1ccc.de

low place

1silentsignal.eu

low place

1arnes.si

low place

1usc.edu

1,077^th place

761^st place

1cnet.com

272^nd place

225^th place

1technet.com

9,482^nd place

6,202^nd place

1python.org

2,232^nd place

1,903^rd place

1verisign.com

low place

1rtfm.com

low place

1semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

1freebsd.org

5,469^th place

3,758^th place

1oracle.com

1,514^th place

1,024^th place

archive.org

Ciampa, Mark (2009). CompTIA Security+ 2008 in depth. Australia; United States: Course Technology/Cengage Learning. p. 290. ISBN 978-1-59863-913-1.

arnes.si

ftp.arnes.si

Hans Dobbertin (Summer 1996). "The Status of MD5 After a Recent Attack". CryptoBytes. Retrieved 22 October 2013.

bishopfox.com

Bishop Fox (26 September 2013). "Fast MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators". BishopFox. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2014.

ccc.de

events.ccc.de

Sotirov, Alexander; Marc Stevens; Jacob Appelbaum; Arjen Lenstra; David Molnar; Dag Arne Osvik; Benne de Weger (30 December 2008). "MD5 considered harmful today". Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2008. Announced Archived 16 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine at the 25th Chaos Communication Congress.

cert.org

kb.cert.org

Chad R, Dougherty (31 December 2008). "Vulnerability Note VU#836068 MD5 vulnerable to collision attacks". Vulnerability notes database. CERT Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
"CERT Vulnerability Note VU#836068". Kb.cert.org. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2010.

cnet.com

news.cnet.com

Stray, Jonathan (30 December 2008). "Web browser flaw could put e-commerce security at risk". CNET.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2009.

colorado.edu

cs.colorado.edu

J. Black, M. Cochran, T. Highland: A Study of the MD5 Attacks: Insights and Improvements Archived 1 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine, 3 March 2006. Retrieved 27 July 2008.

doi.org

Rivest, R. (April 1992). "Step 4. Process Message in 16-Word Blocks". The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm. IETF. p. 5. sec. 3.4. doi:10.17487/RFC1321. RFC 1321. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
Turner, Sean (March 2011). "RFC 6151 – Updated Security Considerations for the MD5 Message-Digest and the HMAC-MD5 Algorithms". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6151. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
Rivest, Ronald L. (April 1992). "RFC 1321 – The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC1321. hdl:1721.1/149165. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
Krawczyk, Hugo; Bellare, Mihir; Canetti, Ran (February 1997). "RFC 2104 – HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC2104. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
Yu Sasaki; Kazumaro Aoki (16 April 2009). "Finding Preimages in Full MD5 Faster Than Exhaustive Search". Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5479. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 134–152. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01001-9_8. ISBN 978-3-642-01000-2.
Ming Mao and Shaohui Chen and Jin Xu (2009). "Construction of the Initial Structure for Preimage Attack of MD5". 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security. Vol. 1. IEEE Computer Society. pp. 442–445. doi:10.1109/CIS.2009.214. ISBN 978-0-7695-3931-7. S2CID 16512325.

epfl.ch

documents.epfl.ch

Marc Stevens; Arjen Lenstra; Benne de Weger (16 June 2009). "Chosen-prefix Collisions for MD5 and Applications" (PDF). École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2010.

free.fr

bvernoux.free.fr

"New GPU MD5 cracker cracks more than 200 million hashes per second". Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2011.

freebsd.org

"FreeBSD Handbook, Security – DES, Blowfish, MD5, and Crypt". Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2014.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Rivest, Ronald L. (April 1992). "RFC 1321 – The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC1321. hdl:1721.1/149165. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2013.

iacr.org

eprint.iacr.org

Xie Tao; Fanbao Liu; Dengguo Feng (2013). "Fast Collision Attack on MD5" (PDF). Cryptology ePrint Archive. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
Hawkes, Philip; Paddon, Michael; Rose, Gregory G. (13 October 2004). "Musings on the Wang et al. MD5 Collision". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
Lenstra, Arjen; Wang, Xiaoyun; Weger, Benne de (1 March 2005). "Colliding X.509 Certificates". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
Klíma, Vlastimil (5 March 2005). "Finding MD5 Collisions – a Toy For a Notebook". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
Vlastimil Klima: Tunnels in Hash Functions: MD5 Collisions Within a Minute Archived 6 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Cryptology ePrint Archive Report 2006/105, 18 March 2006, revised 17 April 2006. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
Tao Xie; Dengguo Feng (2010). "Construct MD5 Collisions Using Just A Single Block Of Message" (PDF). Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
Anton A. Kuznetsov. "An algorithm for MD5 single-block collision attack using high performance computing cluster" (PDF). IACR. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2014.

ietf.org

tools.ietf.org

Turner, Sean (March 2011). "RFC 6151 – Updated Security Considerations for the MD5 Message-Digest and the HMAC-MD5 Algorithms". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6151. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
Rivest, Ronald L. (April 1992). "RFC 1321 – The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC1321. hdl:1721.1/149165. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
Krawczyk, Hugo; Bellare, Mihir; Canetti, Ran (February 1997). "RFC 2104 – HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC2104. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2013.

datatracker.ietf.org

Rivest, R. (April 1992). "Step 4. Process Message in 16-Word Blocks". The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm. IETF. p. 5. sec. 3.4. doi:10.17487/RFC1321. RFC 1321. Retrieved 10 October 2018.

marc-stevens.nl

"Marc Stevens – Research – Single-block collision attack on MD5". Marc-stevens.nl. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2014.

microsoft.com

support.microsoft.com

"Availability and description of the File Checksum Integrity Verifier utility". Microsoft Support. 17 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
"How to compute the MD5 or SHA-1 cryptographic hash values for a file". Microsoft Support. 23 January 2007. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2014.

answers.microsoft.com

"Finding Checksum Values in Windows 10". Microsoft Community. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2023.

learn.microsoft.com

"certutil". certutil. Microsoft Learn. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.

referencesource.microsoft.com

"Reference Source". Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2020.

nist.gov

csrc.nist.gov

Max Gebhardt; Georg Illies; Werner Schindler (31 October 2005). "A Note on the Practical Value of Single Hash Collisions for Special File Formats" (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2008.
"NIST.gov — Computer Security Division — Computer Security Resource Center". Csrc.nist.gov. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2010.

nvlpubs.nist.gov

NIST SP 800-132 Archived 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine Section 5.1

oracle.com

docs.oracle.com

"Synopsis – man pages section 4: File Formats". Docs.oracle.com. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2014.

python.org

mail.python.org

"[Python-Dev] hashlib — faster md5/sha, adds sha256/512 support". Mail.python.org. 16 December 2005. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2010.

rtfm.com

Eric Rescorla (17 August 2004). "A real MD5 collision". Educated Guesswork (blog). Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2015.

schneier.com

"Schneier on Security: More MD5 Collisions". Schneier.com. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
Bruce Schneier (31 December 2008). "Forging SSL Certificates". Schneier on Security. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2014.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ming Mao and Shaohui Chen and Jin Xu (2009). "Construction of the Initial Structure for Preimage Attack of MD5". 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security. Vol. 1. IEEE Computer Society. pp. 442–445. doi:10.1109/CIS.2009.214. ISBN 978-0-7695-3931-7. S2CID 16512325.

silentsignal.eu

blog.silentsignal.eu

"Poisonous MD5 – Wolves Among the Sheep | Silent Signal Techblog". 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

technet.com

blogs.technet.com

"Flame malware collision attack explained". Archived from the original on 8 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.

tue.nl

win.tue.nl

M.M.J. Stevens (June 2007). On Collisions for MD5 (PDF) (Master's thesis). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
Sotirov, Alexander; Marc Stevens; Jacob Appelbaum; Arjen Lenstra; David Molnar; Dag Arne Osvik; Benne de Weger (30 December 2008). "MD5 considered harmful today". Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2008. Announced Archived 16 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine at the 25th Chaos Communication Congress.
Marc Stevens, Arjen Lenstra, Benne de Weger: Vulnerability of software integrity and code signing applications to chosen-prefix collisions for MD5 Archived 13 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, 30 November 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
"Colliding X.509 Certificates". Win.tue.nl. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2010.

uni-mannheim.de

th.informatik.uni-mannheim.de

Magnus Daum, Stefan Lucks. "Hash Collisions (The Poisoned Message Attack)". Eurocrypt 2005 rump session. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010.

usc.edu

merlot.usc.edu

Xiaoyun Wang; Hongbo Yu (2005). "How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions" (PDF). Advances in Cryptology – Lecture Notes in Computer Science. pp. 19–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2009.

verisign.com

blogs.verisign.com

Callan, Tim (31 December 2008). "This morning's MD5 attack — resolved". Verisign. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2008.

web.archive.org

Xie Tao; Fanbao Liu; Dengguo Feng (2013). "Fast Collision Attack on MD5" (PDF). Cryptology ePrint Archive. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
J. Black, M. Cochran, T. Highland: A Study of the MD5 Attacks: Insights and Improvements Archived 1 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine, 3 March 2006. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
Hawkes, Philip; Paddon, Michael; Rose, Gregory G. (13 October 2004). "Musings on the Wang et al. MD5 Collision". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
Bishop Fox (26 September 2013). "Fast MD5 and MD4 Collision Generators". BishopFox. Archived from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
Lenstra, Arjen; Wang, Xiaoyun; Weger, Benne de (1 March 2005). "Colliding X.509 Certificates". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
Klíma, Vlastimil (5 March 2005). "Finding MD5 Collisions – a Toy For a Notebook". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
Vlastimil Klima: Tunnels in Hash Functions: MD5 Collisions Within a Minute Archived 6 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Cryptology ePrint Archive Report 2006/105, 18 March 2006, revised 17 April 2006. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
"Code Cracked! Cyber Command Logo Mystery Solved". USCYBERCOM. Wired News. 8 July 2010. Archived from the original on 17 February 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
Tao Xie; Dengguo Feng (2010). "Construct MD5 Collisions Using Just A Single Block Of Message" (PDF). Archived from the original on 14 May 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
"Marc Stevens – Research – Single-block collision attack on MD5". Marc-stevens.nl. 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
Turner, Sean (March 2011). "RFC 6151 – Updated Security Considerations for the MD5 Message-Digest and the HMAC-MD5 Algorithms". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6151. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
Rivest, Ronald L. (April 1992). "RFC 1321 – The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC1321. hdl:1721.1/149165. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
Krawczyk, Hugo; Bellare, Mihir; Canetti, Ran (February 1997). "RFC 2104 – HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC2104. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
Chad R, Dougherty (31 December 2008). "Vulnerability Note VU#836068 MD5 vulnerable to collision attacks". Vulnerability notes database. CERT Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
Cimpanu, Catalin. "A quarter of major CMSs use outdated MD5 as the default password hashing scheme". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
M.M.J. Stevens (June 2007). On Collisions for MD5 (PDF) (Master's thesis). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
Marc Stevens; Arjen Lenstra; Benne de Weger (16 June 2009). "Chosen-prefix Collisions for MD5 and Applications" (PDF). École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
"New GPU MD5 cracker cracks more than 200 million hashes per second". Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
Magnus Daum, Stefan Lucks. "Hash Collisions (The Poisoned Message Attack)". Eurocrypt 2005 rump session. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010.
Max Gebhardt; Georg Illies; Werner Schindler (31 October 2005). "A Note on the Practical Value of Single Hash Collisions for Special File Formats" (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2008.
Sotirov, Alexander; Marc Stevens; Jacob Appelbaum; Arjen Lenstra; David Molnar; Dag Arne Osvik; Benne de Weger (30 December 2008). "MD5 considered harmful today". Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2008. Announced Archived 16 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine at the 25th Chaos Communication Congress.
"Poisonous MD5 – Wolves Among the Sheep | Silent Signal Techblog". 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Xiaoyun Wang; Hongbo Yu (2005). "How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions" (PDF). Advances in Cryptology – Lecture Notes in Computer Science. pp. 19–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
Marc Stevens, Arjen Lenstra, Benne de Weger: Vulnerability of software integrity and code signing applications to chosen-prefix collisions for MD5 Archived 13 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, 30 November 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2008.
Stray, Jonathan (30 December 2008). "Web browser flaw could put e-commerce security at risk". CNET.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2009.
"CERT Vulnerability Note VU#836068". Kb.cert.org. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
"NIST.gov — Computer Security Division — Computer Security Resource Center". Csrc.nist.gov. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
"Flame malware collision attack explained". Archived from the original on 8 June 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
"Schneier on Security: More MD5 Collisions". Schneier.com. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
"Colliding X.509 Certificates". Win.tue.nl. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
"[Python-Dev] hashlib — faster md5/sha, adds sha256/512 support". Mail.python.org. 16 December 2005. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
"Researchers Use PlayStation Cluster to Forge a Web Skeleton Key". Wired. 31 December 2008. Archived from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
Callan, Tim (31 December 2008). "This morning's MD5 attack — resolved". Verisign. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
Bruce Schneier (31 December 2008). "Forging SSL Certificates". Schneier on Security. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
Eric Rescorla (17 August 2004). "A real MD5 collision". Educated Guesswork (blog). Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Anton A. Kuznetsov. "An algorithm for MD5 single-block collision attack using high performance computing cluster" (PDF). IACR. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
"Finding Checksum Values in Windows 10". Microsoft Community. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
"certutil". certutil. Microsoft Learn. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
"Availability and description of the File Checksum Integrity Verifier utility". Microsoft Support. 17 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
"How to compute the MD5 or SHA-1 cryptographic hash values for a file". Microsoft Support. 23 January 2007. Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
"FreeBSD Handbook, Security – DES, Blowfish, MD5, and Crypt". Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
"Synopsis – man pages section 4: File Formats". Docs.oracle.com. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
NIST SP 800-132 Archived 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine Section 5.1
"Reference Source". Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2020.

wired.com

"Code Cracked! Cyber Command Logo Mystery Solved". USCYBERCOM. Wired News. 8 July 2010. Archived from the original on 17 February 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2011.

blog.wired.com

"Researchers Use PlayStation Cluster to Forge a Web Skeleton Key". Wired. 31 December 2008. Archived from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2008.

zdnet.com

Cimpanu, Catalin. "A quarter of major CMSs use outdated MD5 as the default password hashing scheme". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2019.