Marine protected area (English Wikipedia)

Wells et al. 2008, p. 13 Wells, Sue; Sheppard, V.; van Lavieren, H.; Barnard, N.; Kershaw, F.; Corrigan, C.; Teleki, K.; Stock, P.; Adler, E. (2008). National and Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas:A Review of Progress. Master Evaluation for the UN Effort. World Conservation Monitoring Centre The Americas. ISBN 9789280729757. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
Wells, S. (23 May 2018). National and Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas: A Review of Progress. UNEP-WCMC / UNEP. ISBN 9789280729757 – via Internet Archive.
Wells et al. 2008, p. 15 Wells, Sue; Sheppard, V.; van Lavieren, H.; Barnard, N.; Kershaw, F.; Corrigan, C.; Teleki, K.; Stock, P.; Adler, E. (2008). National and Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas:A Review of Progress. Master Evaluation for the UN Effort. World Conservation Monitoring Centre The Americas. ISBN 9789280729757. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
Wells et al. 2008, p. 33 Wells, Sue; Sheppard, V.; van Lavieren, H.; Barnard, N.; Kershaw, F.; Corrigan, C.; Teleki, K.; Stock, P.; Adler, E. (2008). National and Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas:A Review of Progress. Master Evaluation for the UN Effort. World Conservation Monitoring Centre The Americas. ISBN 9789280729757. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
Wells et al. 2008 Wells, Sue; Sheppard, V.; van Lavieren, H.; Barnard, N.; Kershaw, F.; Corrigan, C.; Teleki, K.; Stock, P.; Adler, E. (2008). National and Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas:A Review of Progress. Master Evaluation for the UN Effort. World Conservation Monitoring Centre The Americas. ISBN 9789280729757. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
Wells et al. 2008, p. 17 The International Union for Conservation of Nature defines a protected area as:
"A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated, and managed, through legal or effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem service and cultural value."
Wells, Sue; Sheppard, V.; van Lavieren, H.; Barnard, N.; Kershaw, F.; Corrigan, C.; Teleki, K.; Stock, P.; Adler, E. (2008). National and Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas:A Review of Progress. Master Evaluation for the UN Effort. World Conservation Monitoring Centre The Americas. ISBN 9789280729757. Retrieved 2009-03-18.

ascension.gov.ac

"Ascension Island Marine Protected Area". www.ascension.gov.ac/. Ascension Island Government. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

auckland.ac.nz

researchspace.auckland.ac.nz

Van Dort, Rebekah (2023). Does displacement of fishing effort from marine protected areas impact the wider environment? A review and case study for displacement within the Hauraki Gulf (Thesis thesis). ResearchSpace@Auckland.

bbc.co.uk

"Seychelles starts 'Britain-sized' reserve". BBC News. 22 February 2018.
"Pitcairn Islands get huge marine reserve". BBC. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015."Pitcairn Islands to get world's largest single marine reserve". The Guardian. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.

bbc.com

"Ascension Island to become marine reserve". BBC. 3 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.

biodiversitya-z.org

Marine Protected Areas (MPA) (2010-10-15). "Areas of Biodiversity Importance: Marine Protected Areas, 2010". Biodiversitya-z.org. Retrieved 2012-06-07.

boell.de

"Ocean Governance: Who Owns the Ocean? | Heinrich Böll Stiftung". Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. Retrieved 2021-09-06.

cbd.int

"United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Decision VII/28". Cbd.int. Retrieved 2012-06-07.
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ccamlr.org

"CCAMLR to create world's largest Marine Protected Area". Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
"Protection of the South Orkney Islands southern shelf". www.ccamlr.org. Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
"CCAMLR to create world's largest Marine Protected Area". Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. 29 October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.

cer.org.za

"MPA Declarations" (PDF). Regulation Gazette No. 42478. 647 (10177). Pretoria: Government Printer. 23 May 2019.

chagos-trust.org

"Chagos Marine Reserve". Chagos Conservation Trust. Archived from the original on 5 July 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2015.

codexverde.cl

"Chile es el país con el mayor porcentaje de sus costas con algún tipo de protección del mundo". Codex Verde. 25 June 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

conservation.org

"Conservation International – World's Largest Marine Protected Area Created in Pacific Ocean". Conservation.org. Retrieved 2012-06-07.

defra.gov.uk

jncc.defra.gov.uk

"Map". UK Marine Protected Areas Centre. Retrieved 19 March 2015."Marine Protected Areas in the UK". Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Retrieved 19 March 2015.

dfo-mpo.gc.ca

"Reaching Canada's marine conservation targets". www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca. Government of Canada. 20 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

doi.org

Kinney, Michael John; Simpfendorfer, Colin Ashley (2009). "Reassessing the value of nursery areas to shark conservation and management". Conservation Letters. 2 (2): 53–60. Bibcode:2009ConL....2...53K. doi:10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00046.x. ISSN 1755-263X.
Petterson, Michael G.; Kim, Hyeon-Ju; Gill, Joel C. (2021), Gill, Joel C.; Smith, Martin (eds.), "Conserve and Sustainably Use the Oceans, Seas, and Marine Resources", Geosciences and the Sustainable Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals Series, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 339–367, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38815-7_14, ISBN 978-3-030-38814-0, S2CID 234955801, retrieved 2021-09-06
Christie, P.; White, A. T. (2007). "Best Practices for Improved Governance of Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas". Coral Reefs. 26 (4): 1047–056. Bibcode:2007CorRe..26.1047C. doi:10.1007/s00338-007-0235-9. S2CID 39073111.
Andradi-Brown, Dominic A.; Veverka, Laura; Amkieltiela; Crane, Nicole L.; Estradivari; Fox, Helen E.; Gill, David; Goetze, Jordan; Gough, Charlotte; Krueck, Nils C.; Lester, Sarah E.; Mahajan, Shauna L.; Rulmal, John; Teoh, Marianne; Ahmadia, Gabby N. (2023). "Diversity in marine protected area regulations: Protection approaches for locally appropriate marine management". Frontiers in Marine Science. 10. doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1099579. ISSN 2296-7745.
Lowry, G. K.; White, A. T.; Christie, P. (2009). "Scaling Up to Networks of Marine Protected Areas in the Philippines: Biophysical, Legal, Institutional, and Social Considerations". Coastal Management. 37 (3): 274–90. Bibcode:2009CoasM..37..274L. doi:10.1080/08920750902851146. S2CID 53701615.
Sala, Enric; Lubchenco, Jane; Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Novelli, Catherine; Roberts, Callum; Sumaila, U. Rashid (2018). "Assessing real progress towards effective ocean protection". Marine Policy. 91: 11–13. Bibcode:2018MarPo..91...11S. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.02.004.
Kuempel, Caitlin; Jones, Kendall; Watson, James; Possingham, James (27 May 2017). "Quantifying biases in marine-protected-area placement relative to abatable threats". Conservation Biology. 33 (6): 1350–1359. doi:10.1111/cobi.13340. PMC 6899811. PMID 31131932.
Halpern, B. (2003). "The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter?". Ecological Applications. 13: 117–137. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0117:TIOMRD]2.0.CO;2.
Mora, C; Sale, P (2011). "Ongoing global biodiversity loss and the need to move beyond protected areas: A review of the technical and practical shortcoming of protected areas on land and sea" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 434: 251–266. Bibcode:2011MEPS..434..251M. doi:10.3354/meps09214.
Wooda, Louisa J.; Fisha, Lucy; Laughrena, Josh; Pauly, Daniel (2008). "Assessing Progress Towards Global Marine Protection Targets: Shortfalls in Information and Action". Oryx. 42 (3): 340–351. doi:10.1017/S003060530800046X.
Hu, Wenjia; Liu, Jie; Ma, Zhiyuan; Wang, Yuyu; Zhang, Dian; Yu, Weiwei; Chen, Bin (2020). "China's marine protected area system: Evolution, challenges, and new prospects". Marine Policy. 115: 103780. Bibcode:2020MarPo.11503780H. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103780. ISSN 0308-597X. S2CID 214281593.
Li, Yunzhou; Fluharty, David L. (2017). "Marine protected area networks in China: Challenges and prospects". Marine Policy. 85: 8–16. Bibcode:2017MarPo..85....8L. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.08.001. ISSN 0308-597X.
Ma, Chun; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chen, Weiping; Zhang, Guangyu; Duan, Huihui; Ju, Meiting; Li, Hongyuan; Yang, Zhihong (2013). "China's special marine protected area policy: Trade-off between economic development and marine conservation". Ocean & Coastal Management. 76: 1–11. Bibcode:2013OCM....76....1M. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.007. ISSN 0964-5691.
Kirlin, John; Caldwell, Meg; Gleason, Mary; Weber, Mike; Ugoretz, John; Fox, Evan; Miller-Henson, Melissa (2013-03-01). "California's Marine Life Protection Act Initiative: Supporting implementation of legislation establishing a statewide network of marine protected areas". Ocean & Coastal Management. 74: 3–13. Bibcode:2013OCM....74....3K. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.08.015. ISSN 0964-5691.
Berezansky, L.; Idels, L.; Kipnis, M. (2011). "Mathematical model of marine protected areas". IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics. 76 (2): 312–325. doi:10.1093/imamat/hxq043. hdl:10613/2741. ISSN 0272-4960. Preprint: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/2741.
Yamahara, Kevan M.; Preston, Christina M.; Birch, James; Walz, Kristine; Marin, Roman; Jensen, Scott; Pargett, Douglas; Roman, Brent; Ussler, William; Zhang, Yanwu; Ryan, John; Hobson, Brett; Kieft, Brian; Raanan, Ben; Goodwin, Kelly D.; Chavez, Francisco P.; Scholin, Christopher (2019). "In situ Autonomous Acquisition and Preservation of Marine Environmental DNA Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle". Frontiers in Marine Science. 6: 373. doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00373. ISSN 2296-7745.
Dinerstein, E.; Vynne, C.; Sala, E.; Joshi, A. R.; Fernando, S.; Lovejoy, T. E.; Mayorga, J.; Olson, D.; Asner, G. P.; Baillie, J. E. M.; Burgess, N. D.; Burkart, K.; Noss, R. F.; Zhang, Y. P.; Baccini, A.; Birch, T.; Hahn, N.; Joppa, L. N.; Wikramanayake, E. (2019). "A Global Deal For Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets". Science Advances. 5 (4): eaaw2869. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.2869D. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw2869. PMC 6474764. PMID 31016243.
Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Sullivan-Stack, Jenna; Roberts, Callum; Constant, Vanessa; Horta e Costa, Barbara; Pike, Elizabeth P.; Kingston, Naomi; Laffoley, Dan; Sala, Enric; Claudet, Joachim; Friedlander, Alan M.; Gill, David A.; Lester, Sarah E.; Day, Jon C.; Gonçalves, Emanuel J.; Ahmadia, Gabby N.; Rand, Matt; Villagomez, Angelo; Ban, Natalie C.; Gurney, Georgina G.; Spalding, Ana K.; Bennett, Nathan J.; Briggs, Johnny; Morgan, Lance E.; Moffitt, Russell; Deguignet, Marine; Pikitch, Ellen K.; Darling, Emily S.; Jessen, Sabine; Hameed, Sarah O.; Di Carlo, Giuseppe; Guidetti, Paolo; Harris, Jean M.; Torre, Jorge; Kizilkaya, Zafer; Agardy, Tundi; Cury, Philippe; Shah, Nirmal J.; Sack, Karen; Cao, Ling; Fernandez, Miriam; Lubchenco, Jane (2021). "The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean" (PDF). Science. 373 (6560): eabf0861. doi:10.1126/science.abf0861. PMID 34516798. S2CID 237473020.
Pandolfi, J.M.; et al. (2003). "Global trajectories of long-term decline of coral reef ecosystems". Science. 301 (5635): 955–958. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..955P. doi:10.1126/science.1085706. PMID 12920296. S2CID 31903371.
Hughes, T.P.; et al. (2003). "Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs". Science. 301 (5635): 929–933. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..929H. doi:10.1126/science.1085046. PMID 12920289. S2CID 1521635.
Mora C.; Andrèfouët, S; Costello, M. J.; Kranenburg, C; Rollo, A; Veron, J; Gaston, K. J.; Myers, R. A.; et al. (2006). "Coral reefs and the global network of Marine Protected Areas" (PDF). Science. 312 (5781): 1750–1751. doi:10.1126/science.1125295. PMID 16794065. S2CID 13067277.
Bruno, John F.; Bates, Amanda E.; Cacciapaglia, Chris; Pike, Elizabeth P.; Amstrup, Steven C.; van Hooidonk, Ruben; Henson, Stephanie A.; Aronson, Richard B. (2018). "Climate change threatens the world's marine protected areas". Nature Climate Change. 8 (6): 499–503. Bibcode:2018NatCC...8..499B. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0149-2. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 89659925.
McLeod, Elizabeth; Salm, Rodney; Green, Alison; Almany, Jeanine (2009). "Designing marine protected area networks to address the impacts of climate change". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 7 (7): 362–370. Bibcode:2009FrEE....7..362M. doi:10.1890/070211. ISSN 1540-9295.
Soto, Cristina G. (2002). "The potential impacts of global climate change on marine protected areas". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. 11 (3): 181–195. doi:10.1023/A:1020364409616. ISSN 1573-5184. S2CID 40966545.
Wilson, Kristen L.; Tittensor, Derek P.; Worm, Boris; Lotze, Heike K. (2020). "Incorporating climate change adaptation into marine protected area planning". Global Change Biology. 26 (6): 3251–3267. Bibcode:2020GCBio..26.3251W. doi:10.1111/gcb.15094. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 32222010. S2CID 214694690.
Roberts, Callum M.; O’Leary, Bethan C.; McCauley, Douglas J.; Cury, Philippe Maurice; Duarte, Carlos M.; Lubchenco, Jane; Pauly, Daniel; Sáenz-Arroyo, Andrea; Sumaila, Ussif Rashid; Wilson, Rod W.; Worm, Boris; Castilla, Juan Carlos (2017). "Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (24): 6167–6175. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.6167R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701262114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5474809. PMID 28584096.
Hilborn, Ray (July 2016). "Policy: Marine biodiversity needs more than protection". Nature. 535 (7611): 224–226. Bibcode:2016Natur.535..224H. doi:10.1038/535224a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27411619.
Erm, Philip; Balmford, Andrew; Holden, Matthew H. (2023-08-01). "The biodiversity benefits of marine protected areas in well-regulated fisheries". Biological Conservation. 284: 110049. Bibcode:2023BCons.28410049E. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110049. ISSN 0006-3207.
Erm, Philip; Balmford, Andrew; Krueck, Nils C.; Takashina, Nao; Holden, Matthew H. (2024-02-04). "Marine protected areas can benefit biodiversity even when bycatch species only partially overlap fisheries". Journal of Applied Ecology. 61 (4): 621–632. Bibcode:2024JApEc..61..621E. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.14595. ISSN 0021-8901.

ecowatch.com

"New Australian Marine Parks Protect an Area Twice the Size of the Great Barrier Reef". Mongabay. Ecowatch. 14 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.

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fco.gov.uk

"Foreign and Commonwealth Office, New Protection for Marine Life, April, 2010". Archived from the original on June 5, 2011.

federalregister.gov

"Nomination of Existing Marine Protected Areas to the National System of Marine Protected Areas and Updates to the List of National System Marine Protected Areas". Federalregister.gov. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 2012-06-07.

gov.ie

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"Managing our Natural Wealth: The Isle of Man's First Biodiversity Strategy" (PDF).

gov.uk

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"The Blue Belt programme". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2020-11-13.

hakaimagazine.com

Noone, Greg (22 December 2021). "How Marine Protected Areas Can Pay for Their Own Protection". Hakai Magazine. Retrieved 26 December 2021.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Berezansky, L.; Idels, L.; Kipnis, M. (2011). "Mathematical model of marine protected areas". IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics. 76 (2): 312–325. doi:10.1093/imamat/hxq043. hdl:10613/2741. ISSN 0272-4960. Preprint: http://hdl.handle.net/10613/2741.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kinney, Michael John; Simpfendorfer, Colin Ashley (2009). "Reassessing the value of nursery areas to shark conservation and management". Conservation Letters. 2 (2): 53–60. Bibcode:2009ConL....2...53K. doi:10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00046.x. ISSN 1755-263X.
Christie, P.; White, A. T. (2007). "Best Practices for Improved Governance of Coral Reef Marine Protected Areas". Coral Reefs. 26 (4): 1047–056. Bibcode:2007CorRe..26.1047C. doi:10.1007/s00338-007-0235-9. S2CID 39073111.
Lowry, G. K.; White, A. T.; Christie, P. (2009). "Scaling Up to Networks of Marine Protected Areas in the Philippines: Biophysical, Legal, Institutional, and Social Considerations". Coastal Management. 37 (3): 274–90. Bibcode:2009CoasM..37..274L. doi:10.1080/08920750902851146. S2CID 53701615.
Sala, Enric; Lubchenco, Jane; Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Novelli, Catherine; Roberts, Callum; Sumaila, U. Rashid (2018). "Assessing real progress towards effective ocean protection". Marine Policy. 91: 11–13. Bibcode:2018MarPo..91...11S. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.02.004.
Mora, C; Sale, P (2011). "Ongoing global biodiversity loss and the need to move beyond protected areas: A review of the technical and practical shortcoming of protected areas on land and sea" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 434: 251–266. Bibcode:2011MEPS..434..251M. doi:10.3354/meps09214.
Hu, Wenjia; Liu, Jie; Ma, Zhiyuan; Wang, Yuyu; Zhang, Dian; Yu, Weiwei; Chen, Bin (2020). "China's marine protected area system: Evolution, challenges, and new prospects". Marine Policy. 115: 103780. Bibcode:2020MarPo.11503780H. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103780. ISSN 0308-597X. S2CID 214281593.
Li, Yunzhou; Fluharty, David L. (2017). "Marine protected area networks in China: Challenges and prospects". Marine Policy. 85: 8–16. Bibcode:2017MarPo..85....8L. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.08.001. ISSN 0308-597X.
Ma, Chun; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chen, Weiping; Zhang, Guangyu; Duan, Huihui; Ju, Meiting; Li, Hongyuan; Yang, Zhihong (2013). "China's special marine protected area policy: Trade-off between economic development and marine conservation". Ocean & Coastal Management. 76: 1–11. Bibcode:2013OCM....76....1M. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.007. ISSN 0964-5691.
Kirlin, John; Caldwell, Meg; Gleason, Mary; Weber, Mike; Ugoretz, John; Fox, Evan; Miller-Henson, Melissa (2013-03-01). "California's Marine Life Protection Act Initiative: Supporting implementation of legislation establishing a statewide network of marine protected areas". Ocean & Coastal Management. 74: 3–13. Bibcode:2013OCM....74....3K. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.08.015. ISSN 0964-5691.
Dinerstein, E.; Vynne, C.; Sala, E.; Joshi, A. R.; Fernando, S.; Lovejoy, T. E.; Mayorga, J.; Olson, D.; Asner, G. P.; Baillie, J. E. M.; Burgess, N. D.; Burkart, K.; Noss, R. F.; Zhang, Y. P.; Baccini, A.; Birch, T.; Hahn, N.; Joppa, L. N.; Wikramanayake, E. (2019). "A Global Deal For Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets". Science Advances. 5 (4): eaaw2869. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.2869D. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw2869. PMC 6474764. PMID 31016243.
Pandolfi, J.M.; et al. (2003). "Global trajectories of long-term decline of coral reef ecosystems". Science. 301 (5635): 955–958. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..955P. doi:10.1126/science.1085706. PMID 12920296. S2CID 31903371.
Hughes, T.P.; et al. (2003). "Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs". Science. 301 (5635): 929–933. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..929H. doi:10.1126/science.1085046. PMID 12920289. S2CID 1521635.
Bruno, John F.; Bates, Amanda E.; Cacciapaglia, Chris; Pike, Elizabeth P.; Amstrup, Steven C.; van Hooidonk, Ruben; Henson, Stephanie A.; Aronson, Richard B. (2018). "Climate change threatens the world's marine protected areas". Nature Climate Change. 8 (6): 499–503. Bibcode:2018NatCC...8..499B. doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0149-2. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 89659925.
McLeod, Elizabeth; Salm, Rodney; Green, Alison; Almany, Jeanine (2009). "Designing marine protected area networks to address the impacts of climate change". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 7 (7): 362–370. Bibcode:2009FrEE....7..362M. doi:10.1890/070211. ISSN 1540-9295.
Wilson, Kristen L.; Tittensor, Derek P.; Worm, Boris; Lotze, Heike K. (2020). "Incorporating climate change adaptation into marine protected area planning". Global Change Biology. 26 (6): 3251–3267. Bibcode:2020GCBio..26.3251W. doi:10.1111/gcb.15094. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 32222010. S2CID 214694690.
Roberts, Callum M.; O’Leary, Bethan C.; McCauley, Douglas J.; Cury, Philippe Maurice; Duarte, Carlos M.; Lubchenco, Jane; Pauly, Daniel; Sáenz-Arroyo, Andrea; Sumaila, Ussif Rashid; Wilson, Rod W.; Worm, Boris; Castilla, Juan Carlos (2017). "Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (24): 6167–6175. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.6167R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701262114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5474809. PMID 28584096.
Hilborn, Ray (July 2016). "Policy: Marine biodiversity needs more than protection". Nature. 535 (7611): 224–226. Bibcode:2016Natur.535..224H. doi:10.1038/535224a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 27411619.
Erm, Philip; Balmford, Andrew; Holden, Matthew H. (2023-08-01). "The biodiversity benefits of marine protected areas in well-regulated fisheries". Biological Conservation. 284: 110049. Bibcode:2023BCons.28410049E. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110049. ISSN 0006-3207.
Erm, Philip; Balmford, Andrew; Krueck, Nils C.; Takashina, Nao; Holden, Matthew H. (2024-02-04). "Marine protected areas can benefit biodiversity even when bycatch species only partially overlap fisheries". Journal of Applied Ecology. 61 (4): 621–632. Bibcode:2024JApEc..61..621E. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.14595. ISSN 0021-8901.

hawaii.edu

soc.hawaii.edu

Mora C.; Andrèfouët, S; Costello, M. J.; Kranenburg, C; Rollo, A; Veron, J; Gaston, K. J.; Myers, R. A.; et al. (2006). "Coral reefs and the global network of Marine Protected Areas" (PDF). Science. 312 (5781): 1750–1751. doi:10.1126/science.1125295. PMID 16794065. S2CID 13067277.

ifremer.fr

archimer.ifremer.fr

Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Sullivan-Stack, Jenna; Roberts, Callum; Constant, Vanessa; Horta e Costa, Barbara; Pike, Elizabeth P.; Kingston, Naomi; Laffoley, Dan; Sala, Enric; Claudet, Joachim; Friedlander, Alan M.; Gill, David A.; Lester, Sarah E.; Day, Jon C.; Gonçalves, Emanuel J.; Ahmadia, Gabby N.; Rand, Matt; Villagomez, Angelo; Ban, Natalie C.; Gurney, Georgina G.; Spalding, Ana K.; Bennett, Nathan J.; Briggs, Johnny; Morgan, Lance E.; Moffitt, Russell; Deguignet, Marine; Pikitch, Ellen K.; Darling, Emily S.; Jessen, Sabine; Hameed, Sarah O.; Di Carlo, Giuseppe; Guidetti, Paolo; Harris, Jean M.; Torre, Jorge; Kizilkaya, Zafer; Agardy, Tundi; Cury, Philippe; Shah, Nirmal J.; Sack, Karen; Cao, Ling; Fernandez, Miriam; Lubchenco, Jane (2021). "The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean" (PDF). Science. 373 (6560): eabf0861. doi:10.1126/science.abf0861. PMID 34516798. S2CID 237473020.

indybay.org

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int-res.com

Mora, C; Sale, P (2011). "Ongoing global biodiversity loss and the need to move beyond protected areas: A review of the technical and practical shortcoming of protected areas on land and sea" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 434: 251–266. Bibcode:2011MEPS..434..251M. doi:10.3354/meps09214.

iucn.org

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"The Mediterranean needs more marine reserves – they are an antidote to the crisis, says WWF". www.wwfmmi.org.