Mashhad (English Wikipedia)

"Statistical Center of Iran > Home".
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان خراسان رضوی [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Razavi Khorasan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان خراسان رضوی [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Razavi Khorasan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.

aqr.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

sport.aqr.ir

"هیات باستانی". ISNA. 5 March 2016. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

asriran.com (Global: 2,996^th place; English: low place)

"احداث اولین زمین گلف کشور". AsrIran (in Persian). 13 May 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

blogfa.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

salariyan.blogfa.com

"زبان و ادبیات ترکان خراسان – غذاهای سنتی گریوان". salariyan.blogfa.com.

tarikhsazan.blogfa.com

"مرکز تحقیقاتی _ tarikhsazan". tarikhsazan.blogfa.com.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

The Cosmopolitan. Vol. 6. 1889. p. 378.
Ghani, Cyrus (6 January 2001). Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power. I.B.Tauris. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-86064-629-4. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
Kazemzadeh, Firuz (10 April 2013). Russia and Britain in Persia: Imperial Ambitions in Qajar Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 663. ISBN 978-0-85772-173-0.
Onley, James. The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj: Merchants, Rulers, and the British in the Nineteenth-Century Gulf. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 15. ISBN 0-19-922810-8.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Mashhad". The Britannica Dictionary. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
"Mashhad". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
"How does tourism impact Mashhad? | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 13 July 2026. Retrieved 22 July 2026.
"Mashhad | Meaning, History, Tourism, & Map | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 1 July 2026.

cfi.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

"داوري:پيست مشهد تاثير بسزايي در رشد دوچرخه سواري خواهد داشت". CFI. 14 August 2014. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

chbmet.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

- "Highest record temperature in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- - "Average Maximum temperature in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  - "Monthly Total Precipitation in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  - "Average relative humidity in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  - "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  - "No. Of days with snow in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  - "Monthly total sunshine hours in Mashhad by Month 1951–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2015.

citypopulation.de (Global: 99^th place; English: 341^st place)

"Iran: Razavi Khorasan". citypopulation.de.
"Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps". citypopulation.de. 13 September 2018. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018.
"Razavi Khorasan (Iran): Counties & Cities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". citypopulation.de.
"Iran: Provinces, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de.

dawn.com (Global: 315^th place; English: 155^th place)

Raza, Adeel (23 October 2016). "Tourism: 'Pilgrimage diplomacy' in Mashhad". Dawn. Retrieved 5 November 2025.

distance.to (Global: 1,371^st place; English: low place)

"Distance from Tehran to Mashhad". www.distance.to. Retrieved 16 February 2026.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Glazebrook & Abbasi-Shavazi 2007, p. 189 Glazebrook, Diana; Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal (2007), "Being Neighbors to Imam Reza: Pilgrimage Practices and Return, Iran", Iranian Studies, 40 (2): 187–201, doi:10.1080/00210860701269535, S2CID 162335732

duas.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sahifa Radhvia". www.duas.org. Retrieved 13 February 2026.

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

Dockery, Wesley (3 January 2018). "Iran protests: Arab states between trepidation and glee". DW. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 7 January 2018.

embassypages.com (Global: 8,375^th place; English: low place)

"Consulate General of Turkey in Mashhad, Iran". embassypages.com.

eshia.ir (Global: 2,966^th place; English: low place)

lib.eshia.ir

fadaktrains.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fadak Trains Co". www.fadaktrains.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.

fararu.com (Global: 5,501^st place; English: low place)

"نادرشاه چگونه سنگاب بزرگ سقاخانه را از هرات به مشهد برد؟". Fararu | فرارو (in Persian). 25 July 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2026.

farsnews.ir (Global: 1,983^rd place; English: 6,147^th place)

Unallowable places farsnews.ir
قطار شهري مشهد به صورت آزمايشي به بهره‌برداري رسيد (in Persian). Fars News Agency. 21 February 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2011.

financialtribune.com (Global: low place; English: 8,978^th place)

"Mashhad: A Hub of Tourism and Pilgrimage | FinancialTribune". financialtribune.com. 8 September 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

Bozorgmehr, Najmeh (23 February 2012). "Hardline group emerges as Iran poll threat". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2015.

ghasednews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"افزایش 35درصدی طلاق در مشهد". پایگاه خبری تحلیلی قاصد نیوز. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
"بعد از اعتیاد و طلاق، خشونت، سومین آسیب عمده‌ اجتماعی در مشهد". پایگاه خبری تحلیلی قاصد نیوز. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2016.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Bozorgmehr, Najmeh (23 February 2012). "Hardline group emerges as Iran poll threat". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2015.

globalsecurity.org (Global: 540^th place; English: 541^st place)

"Mashhad Airbase / 14th Tactical Air Base". Global Security.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

"8GGV+H84 Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 15 March 2026.

gooya.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

news.gooya.com

"علی رهبر، معترض بازداشت شده در مشهد اعدام شد". news.gooya.com.

hakimiyyet.az (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nakhchivan-Mashhad train schedule to be optimized: Azerbaijan | Hakimiyyet". Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

hawzahnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.hawzahnews.com

"Mashhad, Cultural Capital of Islamic World in 2017". Hawzah News Agency. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2026.
"Iraqi Sunni Friday prayer leaders visit Imam Reza (AS) holy shrine". Hawzah News Agency. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2026.

highbeam.com (Global: 515^th place; English: 295^th place)

"Explosive circles: Iran. (Mashhad bombing)". The Economist. 25 June 1994. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2009 – via HighBeam Research.

historycommons.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Context of 'Mid-1994: Ramzi Yousef Works Closely with Al-Qaeda Leaders". History Commons. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2010.

hoover.org (Global: 4,172^nd place; English: 3,994^th place)

"Hoover Institution - Hoover Digest - Order Out of Chaos". www.hoover.org. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.

imam-khomeini.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"Imam Reza (PBUH) shrine is visited by nearly 30 million people annually". Imam Khomeini. Retrieved 10 December 2025.

iqna.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

iqna.ir (25 January 2017). "Mashhad Becomes 2017 Cultural Capital of Muslim World". iqna.ir. Retrieved 4 July 2026.

iran-daily.com (Global: low place; English: 8,568^th place)

"Iran Daily". www.iran-daily.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2025.
"Turkey opens new consulate in Iran". iran-daily.com.

irandehkadeh.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"تور مشهد – نقد و اقساط (شروع از 200,000 تومان)". irandehkadeh.com.

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320^th place; English: 308^th place)

"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".

irna.ir (Global: 936^th place; English: 2,967^th place)

en.irna.ir

"Mashhad - Iran's most popular religious tourist destination". en.irna.ir. Retrieved 1 July 2026.

islamic-rf.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

mishkat.islamic-rf.ir

Amīrzada, Hasan (20 February 2014). "Pilgrimage (to Mashhad al-Riḍā) and its Complexities in the Qajar Period from the Tourists' Point of View (1210-1344/1796-1925)". Mishkat. 32 (4): 114–131. ISSN 1683-8033.
میثم, جلالی (22 November 2010). "ضریح شاه تهماسب یادگاری از دودمان صفوی در موزه آستان قدس رضوی". مشکوة (in Persian). 29 (3). ISSN 1683-8033. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024.

jamejamonline.ir (Global: 3,762^nd place; English: low place)

"مردم گول نخورند / موسسات ثامن‌الحجج و ثامن مجوز ندارند". Jamejam Online. 2 November 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2016.

joopar.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Joopar Rail Co". www.joopar.com.

khabaronline.ir (Global: 1,738^th place; English: 6,217^th place)

"پیشرفت های جدید در ساماندهی مؤسسات اعتباری/ ثامن الحجج در کدام مرحله دریافت مجوز است؟". 9 September 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
"سهم گروه‌های سیاسی از چهارمین انتخابات شورای شهر در تهران و ۸ شهر بزرگ". Khabar Online. July 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
سید صولت مرتضوی شهردار مشهد شد "Seyed Soulat Mortazaví, alcalde de Mashhad" (in Persian). Khabar Online. Fars News. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.

khobregan.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi (First vice chairman)". Official website of the Assembly of Experts – Management Committee of [the] Assembly of Experts. Retrieved 9 June 2016.

khorasannews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

مشهد، پایتخت معنوی ایران اعلام شد [Mashhad, Iran's spiritual capital] (in Persian). Khorasan newspaper. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015.

livius.org (Global: 2,150^th place; English: 2,305^th place)

"Hystaspes (2) – Livius". livius.org. Retrieved 7 January 2018.

majlis.ir (Global: 2,385^th place; English: 1,908^th place)

rc.majlis.ir

Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1369.6.21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. ‌تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوی استان خراسان به مرکزیت شهر مشهد [‌Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad]. مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران [Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. 84902ت125ک [84902T125K]. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2026.

mashhad.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

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"ساعت کاری خط دو قطار شهری مشهد افزایش یافت/خط دو می تواند ۷۰ هزار مسافر جابجا کند". MUROC. Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
"شرکت بهره برداری قطارشهری مشهداخباراخبار شرکت بهره برداری قطارشهری مشهد". Archived from the original on 26 September 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2019.

news.mashhad.ir

"-نصف-اقامت-مسافران-یزد-کاشان-کاهش-یافت". Masshad News (in Persian). Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2016.

en.mashhad.ir

"Town Twinning". mashhad.ir. Mashhad. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.

mashhadenc.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

"کنسولگری ها ؛ مستخدمان و مستشاران خارجی در مشهد". mashhadenc.ir.

mehrnews.com (Global: 801^st place; English: 2,342^nd place)

mehrnews.com

"مهاجرت افغان‌ها برای همسایه دردسرساز شد/ سرنوشت خاکستری اتباع خارجی در مشهد". خبرگزاری مهر – اخبار ایران و جهان – Mehr News Agency. 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
"چند پیشنهاد به آستان قدس رضوی". 7 August 2023.

en.mehrnews.com

"Overlooking dialect associated with forgetting identity: academic". 23 August 2008.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Mashhad". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871. Retrieved 29 March 2025.

metropolis.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mashhad". 6 October 2022. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.

middle-east-online.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

".:Middle East Online::Feared Iranian prosecutor falls from grace:". middle-east-online.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2016.

mofa.gov.pk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Consulate of Pakistan in Mashhad, Iran". Archived from the original on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2012.

mums.ac.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

تاریخجه شهر مشهد, "Historia de la ciudad de Mashhad". Portal de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Mashhad (in Persian). Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.

murco.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

"قطار شهری مشهد > صفحه نخست". Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

ncei.noaa.gov

"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Mashhad(WMO number: 40745)". ncei.noaa.gov (Excel). NOAA. p. 5. Archived from the original (XLS) on 20 November 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2024. Parameter Code: 47 Number of Days with Snowfall

nodc.noaa.gov

"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Mashhad-40745" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov (Excel). NOAA. Retrieved 18 February 2024.

noorlib.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

کلینی, محمد بن یعقوبA3-غفاری (6 July 1363). آخوندی, محمد (ed.). "الکافي". دار الکتب الإسلامیة – via Noor Digital Library.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
غفاری, علی‌ اکبر; نعمانی, محمد بن ابراهیم (6 July 1397). "... الغيبة". مکتبة الصدوق – via Noor Digital Library.
شعیری, محمد بن محمد. "جامع الأخبار". المطبعة الحيدرية – via Noor Digital Library.
فیض کاشانی, محمد بن شاه مرتضی; علامه, ضیاءالدینA3-فقیه ایمانی (6 July 1406). "الوافي". مکتبة الإمام أميرالمؤمنين علي (عليه السلام) العامة – via Noor Digital Library.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

openstreetmap.org (Global: 844^th place; English: 888^th place)

OpenStreetMap contributors (4 May 2023). "District 11, Mashhad, بخش مرکزی شهرستان مشهد [Central District of Mashhad County], Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap. OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 4 May 2023.^{[self-published source]}

payvand.com (Global: 6,409^th place; English: 5,059^th place)

"Photos: Airplane Overhaul Facility in Mashhad, Eastern Iran". payvand.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
Photos: Airplane Overhaul Facility in Mashhad, Eastern Iran Archived 15 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Payvand.com.

persiatours.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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populationstat.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mashhad, Iran Population (2026) - Population Stat". populationstat.com.

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qudsonline.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

"درباره نخستین گنبد بارگاه منور رضوی که در روزگار سلطان سنجرسلجوقی بنا شد". قدس آنلاین (in Persian). 3 September 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2026.

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razavisport.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

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reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

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rferl.org (Global: 733^rd place; English: 555^th place)

"Tajikistan Rejects Iran Visa Offer". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 7 May 2010.

rfi.fr (Global: 420^th place; English: 1,088^th place)

"قوه قضائیه اعدام علی رهبر را تکذیب کرد". ار.اف.ای - RFI. 23 January 2026.

roozonline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kamdar, Nazanin (6 January 2015). "پدیده شاندیز؛". Rooz Online. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

sacredsites.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sacred Sites: Mashhad, Iran". sacredsites.com. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2006.
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salamatnews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"مسائل جنسی عامل 60 درصد طلاق ها در مشهد است/راه های افزایش کیفیت رابطه جنسی". سلامت نیوز. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2016.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Glazebrook & Abbasi-Shavazi 2007, p. 189 Glazebrook, Diana; Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal (2007), "Being Neighbors to Imam Reza: Pilgrimage Practices and Return, Iran", Iranian Studies, 40 (2): 187–201, doi:10.1080/00210860701269535, S2CID 162335732

shahr.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

نام‌گذاري مشهد به عنوان پايتخت معنوي "Nombramiento de Mashhad como capital espiritual de Irán" (in Persian). Shahr.ir. 1 November 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

shahraranews.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

mashhadchehreh.shahraranews.ir

سیدی, شیرین (16 February 2022). "داستانِ زیارت شاه عباس و کاروان پیاده‌اش". مشهد چهره (in Persian). Archived from the original on 4 July 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
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shiachat.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"English Pakistani Sunnis Visit Imam Reza Shrine". ShiaChat.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2025. Retrieved 10 July 2026.

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snl.no (Global: 272^nd place; English: 378^th place)

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syr.edu (Global: 1,643^rd place; English: 794^th place)

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tasnimnews.com (Global: 1,604^th place; English: 3,550^th place)

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thaqalayn.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā: On the Reward of Visiting the Shrine of Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (a.s.)". thaqalayn.net. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
"Kitāb al-Ghayba - Hadith 5, Book 2, Chapter 4". thaqalayn.net. 21 April 2025.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

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Mashhad (English Wikipedia)

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