"Not much of matrix theory carries over to infinite-dimensional spaces, and what does is not so useful, but it sometimes helps." Halmos 1982, p. 23, Chapter 5 Halmos, Paul Richard (1982), A Hilbert space problem book, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 19 (2nd ed.), Berlin, DE; New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, ISBN978-0-387-90685-0, MR0675952
Krzanowski 1988, Ch. 2.2., p. 60 Krzanowski, Wojtek J. (1988), Principles of multivariate analysis, Oxford Statistical Science Series, vol. 3, The Clarendon Press Oxford University Press, ISBN978-0-19-852211-9, MR0969370
Krzanowski 1988, Ch. 4.1 Krzanowski, Wojtek J. (1988), Principles of multivariate analysis, Oxford Statistical Science Series, vol. 3, The Clarendon Press Oxford University Press, ISBN978-0-19-852211-9, MR0969370
Knobloch 1994Knobloch, Eberhard (1994), "From Gauss to Weierstrass: determinant theory and its historical evaluations", The intersection of history and mathematics, Science Networks Historical Studies, vol. 15, Basel, Boston, Berlin: Birkhäuser, pp. 51–66, MR1308079
Although many sources state that J. J. Sylvester coined the mathematical term "matrix" in 1848, Sylvester published nothing in 1848. (For proof that Sylvester published nothing in 1848, see J. J. Sylvester with H. F. Baker, ed., The Collected Mathematical Papers of James Joseph Sylvester (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1904), vol. 1.) His earliest use of the term "matrix" occurs in 1850 in J. J. Sylvester (1850) "Additions to the articles in the September number of this journal, "On a new class of theorems," and on Pascal's theorem," The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 37: 363-370. From page 369: "For this purpose, we must commence, not with a square, but with an oblong arrangement of terms consisting, suppose, of m lines and n columns. This does not in itself represent a determinant, but is, as it were, a Matrix out of which we may form various systems of determinants ... "
The Collected Mathematical Papers of James Joseph Sylvester: 1837–1853, Paper 37, p. 247
"Empty Matrix: A matrix is empty if either its row or column dimension is zero", GlossaryArchived 2009-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, O-Matrix v6 User Guide
Press, Flannery & Teukolsky et al. 1992 Press, William H.; Flannery, Brian P.; Teukolsky, Saul A.; Vetterling, William T. (1992), "LU Decomposition and Its Applications"(PDF), Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN: The Art of Scientific Computing (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 34–42, archived from the original on 2009-09-06
"Empty Matrix: A matrix is empty if either its row or column dimension is zero", GlossaryArchived 2009-04-29 at the Wayback Machine, O-Matrix v6 User Guide