Meldonium (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Meldonium" in English language version.

Last modified: 08:36:03, 21 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

3022nih.gov

5^th place

2518doi.org

2^nd place

129web.archive.org

1^st place

44grindeks.lv

low place

44nytimes.com

7^th place

43cnn.com

36^th place

26^th place

42insidethegames.biz

1,127^th place

747^th place

42tass.ru

307^th place

1,202^nd place

42segodnya.ua

3,152^nd place

low place

33wada-main-prod.s3.amazonaws.com

low place

32ap.org

1,968^th place

1,138^th place

32wired.com

254^th place

178^th place

31medicalnewstoday.com

3,865^th place

3,829^th place

31apnews.com

101^st place

62^nd place

31isu.org

1,862^nd place

1,295^th place

31radio-canada.ca

835^th place

1,493^rd place

22usatoday.com

55^th place

36^th place

22bbc.com

26^th place

23^rd place

22espn.com

42^nd place

25^th place

22theguardian.com

16^th place

11^th place

22forbes.com

71^st place

54^th place

21wada-ama.org

low place

21news.com.au

456^th place

254^th place

21dn.se

548^th place

1,466^th place

22sport-express.ru

775^th place

3,513^th place

21futbolas.lt

low place

21handball-planet.com

low place

11semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

11rcsb.org

low place

8,697^th place

11adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

11chemspider.com

6,145^th place

low place

11bmj.com

1,341^st place

1,425^th place

11antidoping.ch

low place

11itftennis.com

1,010^th place

801^st place

11cyclingtips.com

low place

11sports.yahoo.com

363^rd place

207^th place

11fina.org

2,326^th place

1,807^th place

11swimvortex.com

low place

11ibox.bg

low place

11neveitalia.it

low place

11sport.ru

low place

11rsport.ru

8,640^th place

low place

11worldboxingnews.com

low place

6,844^th place

11vg.no

811^th place

1,179^th place

11sport1.de

2,657^th place

7,463^rd place

11ufc.com

898^th place

563^rd place

11flovolleyball.tv

low place

11vice.com

247^th place

175^th place

11mmafighting.com

625^th place

397^th place

11irishexaminer.com

960^th place

467^th place

11irishtimes.com

252^nd place

133^rd place

11canoeicf.com

8,775^th place

6,922^nd place

11sports.kz

6,218^th place

low place

11crossfit.com

low place

9,457^th place

11v8sleuth.com.au

low place

11skysports.com

238^th place

152^nd place

11eldia.es

7,239^th place

low place

11nzherald.co.nz

390^th place

205^th place

11osi.lv

low place

11vesti.ru

1,742^nd place

7,286^th place

11delfi.lv

3,226^th place

7,325^th place

11diena.lv

7,725^th place

low place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Tars K, Rumnieks J, Zeltins A, Kazaks A, Kotelovica S, Leonciks A, et al. (August 2010). "Crystal structure of human gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 398 (4): 634–639. Bibcode:2010BBRC..398..634T. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.121. PMID 20599753.

antidoping.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

"S4 Hormone and metabolic modulators". Antidoping Switzerland. Archived from the original on 25 September 2014.

ap.org (Global: 1,968^th place; English: 1,138^th place)

bigstory.ap.org

"Top Russian ice dancer Bobrova fails doping test – report". The Big Story. 7 March 2016. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
"Ukrainian biathlete Abramova suspended in doping case". insidethegames. 10 February 2016.

apnews.com (Global: 101^st place; English: 62^nd place)

Ellingworth J (19 February 2018). "Q&A: Meldonium, the drug in Russia's Olympic doping case". The Associated Press. Retrieved 19 February 2018.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"Maria Sharapova failed drugs test at Australian Open". BBC. 8 March 2016.
"Maria Sharapova banned for two years for failed drugs test but will appeal". BBC. 8 June 2016.

bmj.com (Global: 1,341^st place; English: 1,425^th place)

blogs.bmj.com

"Meldonium use by athletes at the Baku 2015 European Games". bmj.com. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.

canoeicf.com (Global: 8,775^th place; English: 6,922^nd place)

"Ukraine's Senkevych suspended for four years". International Canoe Federation. 8 August 2020.

chemspider.com (Global: 6,145^th place; English: low place)

Meldonium | C6H14N2O2. ChemSpider. Retrieved on 28 May 2016.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

cnn.com

"Maria Sharapova admits to failing drug test, will be provisionally banned". CNN. 7 March 2016.
Ford Vox. "Sharapova suspension: doping agency's unfair game of 'gotcha'?". CNN. Retrieved 14 March 2016.

advertisementfeature.cnn.com

"Ivars Kalvins: A broad range of medicines based on natural compounds, spearheading a new generation of drugs". European Inventor Awards. Candidates in the Lifetime Achievement category. European Patent Office. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

crossfit.com (Global: low place; English: 9,457^th place)

games.crossfit.com

"CrossFit Athletes Serving Sanctions for Drug Violations". CrossFit LLC. Retrieved 2 November 2023.

cyclingtips.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rogers, Neal (6 February 2016). "Second positive test in 12 months could see Katusha sidelined up to 45 days". Cyclingtips.

delfi.lv (Global: 3,226^th place; English: 7,325^th place)

Kristīna H (8 March 2016). "Mildronāta radītājs Ivars Kalviņš: meldonija pielīdzināšana dopingam ir cilvēktiesību pārkāpums" (in Latvian). Delfi. Retrieved 10 March 2016.

diena.lv (Global: 7,725^th place; English: low place)

"Antidopinga eksperte: Mildronāts iekļauts aizliegto vielu sarakstā" (in Latvian). Diena. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.

dn.se (Global: 548^th place; English: 1,466^th place)

"Preparatet som kan fälla Aregawi". Sport. Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). 29 February 2016.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Schobersberger W, Dünnwald T, Gmeiner G, Blank C (January 2017). "Story behind meldonium-from pharmacology to performance enhancement: a narrative review". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51 (1): 22–25. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096357. PMID 27465696.
Volynskyi D, Vakaliuk I (December 2019). "Use of meldonium in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease and concomitant arterial hypertension". EUREKA: Health Sciences. 3 (6): 9–14. doi:10.21303/2504-5679.2019.001018.
Berlato DG, Bairros AV (March 2020). "Meldonium: Pharmacological, toxicological, and analytical aspects". Toxicology Research and Application. 4: 2397847320915143. doi:10.1177/2397847320915 (inactive 1 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Vaz FM, Wanders RJ (February 2002). "Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals". The Biochemical Journal. 361 (Pt 3): 417–429. doi:10.1042/bj3610417. PMC 1222323. PMID 11802770.
Galland S, Le Borgne F, Guyonnet D, Clouet P, Demarquoy J (January 1998). "Purification and characterization of the rat liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 178 (1–2): 163–168. doi:10.1023/A:1006849713407. PMID 9546596. S2CID 23339575.
Henry L, Leung IK, Claridge TD, Schofield CJ (August 2012). "γ-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase catalyses a Stevens type rearrangement". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 22 (15): 4975–4978. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.024. PMID 22765904.
Spaniol M, Brooks H, Auer L, Zimmermann A, Solioz M, Stieger B, et al. (March 2001). "Development and characterization of an animal model of carnitine deficiency". European Journal of Biochemistry. 268 (6): 1876–1887. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02065.x. PMID 11248709.
Leung IK, Krojer TJ, Kochan GT, Henry L, von Delft F, Claridge TD, et al. (December 2010). "Structural and mechanistic studies on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase". Chemistry & Biology. 17 (12): 1316–1324. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.09.016. PMID 21168767.
Tars K, Rumnieks J, Zeltins A, Kazaks A, Kotelovica S, Leonciks A, et al. (August 2010). "Crystal structure of human gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 398 (4): 634–639. Bibcode:2010BBRC..398..634T. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.121. PMID 20599753.
Rose NR, McDonough MA, King ON, Kawamura A, Schofield CJ (August 2011). "Inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases". Chemical Society Reviews. 40 (8): 4364–4397. doi:10.1039/c0cs00203h. PMID 21390379.
Sjakste N, Gutcaits A, Kalvinsh I (2004). "Mildronate: an antiischemic drug for neurological indications". CNS Drug Reviews. 11 (2): 151–168. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00267.x. PMC 6741751. PMID 16007237.
Dambrova M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Vilskersts R, Makarova E, Kuka J, Liepinsh E (November 2016). "Pharmacological effects of meldonium: Biochemical mechanisms and biomarkers of cardiometabolic activity". Pharmacological Research. 113 (Pt B): 771–780. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.019. PMID 26850121.
Schooneman MG, Vaz FM, Houten SM, Soeters MR (January 2013). "Acylcarnitines: reflecting or inflicting insulin resistance?". Diabetes. 62 (1): 1–8. doi:10.2337/db12-0466. PMC 3526046. PMID 23258903.
Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C (March 2017). "Misuse of the metabolic modulator meldonium in sports". Journal of Sport and Health Science. 6 (1): 49–51. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2016.06.008. PMC 6188923. PMID 30356593.
Simkhovich BZ, Shutenko ZV, Meirena DV, Khagi KB, Mezapuķe RJ, Molodchina TN, et al. (January 1988). "3-(2,2,2-Trimethylhydrazinium)propionate (THP)--a novel gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor with cardioprotective properties". Biochemical Pharmacology. 37 (2): 195–202. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(88)90717-4. PMID 3342076.
Fraenkel G, Friedman S (1957). "Carnitine". Vitamins & Hormones. 15: 73–118. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60508-7. ISBN 9780127098159. PMID 13530702. {{cite journal}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Paul HS, Sekas G, Adibi SA (February 1992). "Carnitine biosynthesis in hepatic peroxisomes. Demonstration of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity". European Journal of Biochemistry. 203 (3): 599–605. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16589.x. PMID 1735445.
Görgens C, Guddat S, Dib J, Geyer H, Schänzer W, Thevis M (2015). "Mildronate (Meldonium) in professional sports – monitoring doping control urine samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography – high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry". Drug Testing and Analysis. 7 (11–12): 973–979. doi:10.1002/dta.1788. PMC 5066279. PMID 25847280.

eldia.es (Global: 7,239^th place; English: low place)

"Seis luchadores georgianos dan positivo por Meldonium" (in Spanish). El Dia.es. 15 February 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2016.

espn.com (Global: 42^nd place; English: 25^th place)

Rafael D (16 May 2016). "Wilder-Povetkin called off after failed drug test". ESPN.com.
"Steeplechase medalist suspended for meldonium". ESPN.com. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.

fina.org (Global: 2,326^th place; English: 1,807^th place)

FINA Communication Department (15 July 2016). "Statement on Yulia Efimova (RUS)".

flovolleyball.tv (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Max Holt Tests Positive For Meldonium". flovolleyball.tv. 14 July 2016.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Rita Rubin. "Banned drug Sharapova took is widely used, study shows, despite little evidence that it boosts performance". Forbes. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
"Banned Drug Sharapova Took Is Widely Used, Study Shows, Despite Little Evidence That It Boosts Performance". Forbes.

futbolas.lt (Global: low place; English: low place)

LFF nenustatė žaidėjų kaltės dėl antidopingo taisyklių pažeidimo. Futbolas.lt (19 April 2016). Retrieved on 13 May 2016.

grindeks.lv (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Grindeks: We Believe that Meldonium Should not be Included in the List of Banned Substances in Sport". Grindeks. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
"Branches and Representative Offices". Grindeks. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
"AS "Grindeks" ir vadošais zāļu ražotājs Baltijas valstīs" (in Latvian). Grindeks. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
"Mildronate". Grindeks. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016.

handball-planet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"EHF process against Russian Handball Federation due positive doping test of three junior players". Handball-Planet. 13 September 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.

ibox.bg (Global: low place; English: low place)

topsport.ibox.bg

"Хванаха с допинг най-добрата ни спортистка !". Topsport.bg. 27 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.

insidethegames.biz (Global: 1,127^th place; English: 747^th place)

Butler, Nick (2 March 2016). "Ethiopian Tokyo Marathon winner Negesse reportedly fails drugs test for Meldonium". insidethegames.
"Tyshchenko named as second Ukrainian biathlete to fail doping test in 2016". insidethegames. 27 February 2016.

irishexaminer.com (Global: 960^th place; English: 467^th place)

Barry S (30 April 2020). "Carlow footballer first case of meldonium detected in Irish sport". Irish Examiner.

irishtimes.com (Global: 252^nd place; English: 133^rd place)

O'Riordan I (1 May 2020). "Ray Walker doping case raises more questions than answers". The Irish Times.

isu.org (Global: 1,862^nd place; English: 1,295^th place)

"ISU Statement". ISU. Retrieved 2 August 2016.

itftennis.com (Global: 1,010^th place; English: 801^st place)

"Press release: Tennis Anti-Doping Programme statement regarding Maria Sharapova". International Tennis Federation. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.

medicalnewstoday.com (Global: 3,865^th place; English: 3,829^th place)

Newman T (17 January 2019). Wilson DR (ed.). "Why do people use meldonium?". Medical News Today.

mmafighting.com (Global: 625^th place; English: 397^th place)

"UFC's Daniel Omielanczuk tests positive for meldonium, won't be provisionally suspended". mmafighting.com. 1 July 2016.

neveitalia.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pavel Kulikov è la 30° positività al meldonium dal caso di Maria Sharapova" [Pavel Kulikov is the 30th positive to meldonium from the case of Maria Sharapova]. Neveitalia.it (in Italian). 1 April 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.

news.com.au (Global: 456^th place; English: 254^th place)

"Sharapova drug scandal: what is Meldonium". NewsComAu. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schobersberger W, Dünnwald T, Gmeiner G, Blank C (January 2017). "Story behind meldonium-from pharmacology to performance enhancement: a narrative review". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51 (1): 22–25. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096357. PMID 27465696.
Vaz FM, Wanders RJ (February 2002). "Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals". The Biochemical Journal. 361 (Pt 3): 417–429. doi:10.1042/bj3610417. PMC 1222323. PMID 11802770.
Galland S, Le Borgne F, Guyonnet D, Clouet P, Demarquoy J (January 1998). "Purification and characterization of the rat liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 178 (1–2): 163–168. doi:10.1023/A:1006849713407. PMID 9546596. S2CID 23339575.
Henry L, Leung IK, Claridge TD, Schofield CJ (August 2012). "γ-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase catalyses a Stevens type rearrangement". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 22 (15): 4975–4978. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.024. PMID 22765904.
Spaniol M, Brooks H, Auer L, Zimmermann A, Solioz M, Stieger B, et al. (March 2001). "Development and characterization of an animal model of carnitine deficiency". European Journal of Biochemistry. 268 (6): 1876–1887. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02065.x. PMID 11248709.
Leung IK, Krojer TJ, Kochan GT, Henry L, von Delft F, Claridge TD, et al. (December 2010). "Structural and mechanistic studies on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase". Chemistry & Biology. 17 (12): 1316–1324. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.09.016. PMID 21168767.
Tars K, Rumnieks J, Zeltins A, Kazaks A, Kotelovica S, Leonciks A, et al. (August 2010). "Crystal structure of human gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 398 (4): 634–639. Bibcode:2010BBRC..398..634T. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.121. PMID 20599753.
Rose NR, McDonough MA, King ON, Kawamura A, Schofield CJ (August 2011). "Inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases". Chemical Society Reviews. 40 (8): 4364–4397. doi:10.1039/c0cs00203h. PMID 21390379.
Sjakste N, Gutcaits A, Kalvinsh I (2004). "Mildronate: an antiischemic drug for neurological indications". CNS Drug Reviews. 11 (2): 151–168. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00267.x. PMC 6741751. PMID 16007237.
Dambrova M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Vilskersts R, Makarova E, Kuka J, Liepinsh E (November 2016). "Pharmacological effects of meldonium: Biochemical mechanisms and biomarkers of cardiometabolic activity". Pharmacological Research. 113 (Pt B): 771–780. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.019. PMID 26850121.
Schooneman MG, Vaz FM, Houten SM, Soeters MR (January 2013). "Acylcarnitines: reflecting or inflicting insulin resistance?". Diabetes. 62 (1): 1–8. doi:10.2337/db12-0466. PMC 3526046. PMID 23258903.
Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C (March 2017). "Misuse of the metabolic modulator meldonium in sports". Journal of Sport and Health Science. 6 (1): 49–51. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2016.06.008. PMC 6188923. PMID 30356593.
Simkhovich BZ, Shutenko ZV, Meirena DV, Khagi KB, Mezapuķe RJ, Molodchina TN, et al. (January 1988). "3-(2,2,2-Trimethylhydrazinium)propionate (THP)--a novel gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor with cardioprotective properties". Biochemical Pharmacology. 37 (2): 195–202. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(88)90717-4. PMID 3342076.
Fraenkel G, Friedman S (1957). "Carnitine". Vitamins & Hormones. 15: 73–118. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60508-7. ISBN 9780127098159. PMID 13530702. {{cite journal}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Paul HS, Sekas G, Adibi SA (February 1992). "Carnitine biosynthesis in hepatic peroxisomes. Demonstration of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity". European Journal of Biochemistry. 203 (3): 599–605. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16589.x. PMID 1735445.
Görgens C, Guddat S, Dib J, Geyer H, Schänzer W, Thevis M (2015). "Mildronate (Meldonium) in professional sports – monitoring doping control urine samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography – high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry". Drug Testing and Analysis. 7 (11–12): 973–979. doi:10.1002/dta.1788. PMC 5066279. PMID 25847280.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Vaz FM, Wanders RJ (February 2002). "Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals". The Biochemical Journal. 361 (Pt 3): 417–429. doi:10.1042/bj3610417. PMC 1222323. PMID 11802770.
Sjakste N, Gutcaits A, Kalvinsh I (2004). "Mildronate: an antiischemic drug for neurological indications". CNS Drug Reviews. 11 (2): 151–168. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2005.tb00267.x. PMC 6741751. PMID 16007237.
Schooneman MG, Vaz FM, Houten SM, Soeters MR (January 2013). "Acylcarnitines: reflecting or inflicting insulin resistance?". Diabetes. 62 (1): 1–8. doi:10.2337/db12-0466. PMC 3526046. PMID 23258903.
Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C (March 2017). "Misuse of the metabolic modulator meldonium in sports". Journal of Sport and Health Science. 6 (1): 49–51. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2016.06.008. PMC 6188923. PMID 30356593.
Görgens C, Guddat S, Dib J, Geyer H, Schänzer W, Thevis M (2015). "Mildronate (Meldonium) in professional sports – monitoring doping control urine samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography – high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry". Drug Testing and Analysis. 7 (11–12): 973–979. doi:10.1002/dta.1788. PMC 5066279. PMID 25847280.

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pubchem. "Mildronate". nih.gov. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"All About Meldonium, the Banned Drug Used by Sharapova". New York Times. Associated Press. 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
Reevell P (13 April 2016). "WADA Opens a Door for Athletes Who Tested Positive for Meldonium". The New York Times.
Rothenberg B (20 September 2016). "Varvara Lepchenko Is Cleared in Meldonium Inquiry". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
Reevell P (9 March 2016). "Meldonium Ban Hits Russian Athletes Hard". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

nzherald.co.nz (Global: 390^th place; English: 205^th place)

"A German wrestler tests positive for meldonium". nzherald.co.nz. 17 March 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.

osi.lv (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Scientific Board". osi.lv. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

radio-canada.ca (Global: 835^th place; English: 1,493^rd place)

ici.radio-canada.ca

Quatre judokas russes positifs au meldonium. ICI.Radio-Canada.ca (4 April 2016). Retrieved on 13 May 2016.

rcsb.org (Global: low place; English: 8,697^th place)

PDB: 3O2G

rsport.ru (Global: 8,640^th place; English: low place)

Призер ЧМ румынская бегунья Лаврик сдала положительный допинг-тест на мельдоний | Легкая атлетика | Р-Спорт. Все главные новости спорта. Rsport.ru. Retrieved on 13 May 2016.

segodnya.ua (Global: 3,152^nd place; English: low place)

sport.segodnya.ua

"Гимнаст, сменивший Украину на Россию, попался на употреблении мельдония – Новости спорта – Николай Куксенков был лидером сборной России по спортивной гимнастике" [The gymnast who replaced Ukraine with Russia was caught using meldonium]. СЕГОДНЯ. Sport.segodnya.ua. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
"Three Olympic licenses were taken away from Ukraine – Olympic Games Rio 2016 – Our wrestlers were caught using doping" [У Украины отобрали три олимпийские лицензии – ОИ Рио 2016 – Наши борцы попались на употреблении допинга]. Sport.segodnya.ua (in Russian). Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Galland S, Le Borgne F, Guyonnet D, Clouet P, Demarquoy J (January 1998). "Purification and characterization of the rat liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 178 (1–2): 163–168. doi:10.1023/A:1006849713407. PMID 9546596. S2CID 23339575.

skysports.com (Global: 238^th place; English: 152^nd place)

"Mykhailo Mudryk: Chelsea winger to appeal against four-year ban for doping offence to Court of Arbitration for Sport". Sky Sports. 29 April 2026. Retrieved 29 April 2026.

sport-express.ru (Global: 775^th place; English: 3,513^th place)

sport-express.ru

"Два российских борца попались на мельдонии". 21 March 2016.

m.sport-express.ru

Крушельницкий дисквалифицирован на четыре года

sport.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Белорусский тяжелоатлет Андрей Рыбаков попался на мельдонии" [Belarusian weightlifter Andrei Rybakov caught on meldonium]. Sport.ru (in Russian). 1 April 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.

sport1.de (Global: 2,657^th place; English: 7,463^rd place)

Eva Tofalvi des Dopings mit Meldonium überführt | Biathlon. Sport1.de. Retrieved on 13 May 2016.

sports.kz (Global: 6,218^th place; English: low place)

"Айбол Абикен узнал срок дисквалификации за допинг". sports.kz/ (in Russian). Sports KZ. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

sports.yahoo.com (Global: 363^rd place; English: 207^th place)

"Russia replaces entire junior hockey team after drug scandal". Yahoo!. 13 April 2016.

swimvortex.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Craig Lord (21 March 2016). "Yuliya Efimova Tells Russia "I'm Innocent" Despite Two Meldonium Positives in 2016". SwimVortex.

tass.ru (Global: 307^th place; English: 1,202^nd place)

TASS: Sport – RUSADA decides against disqualification of seven athletes for taking meldonium. Tass.ru (19 April 2016). Retrieved on 13 May 2016.
"Two Russian Sambo wrestlers test positive for banned meldonium drug – executive". TASS. 25 March 2016.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Cambers S (10 March 2016). "Why was Maria Sharapova taking meldonium? Her lawyer responds". theguardian.com. London.
Doping suspensions of 14 athletes lifted as meldonium concerns grow | Sport. The Guardian. Retrieved on 13 May 2016.

ufc.com (Global: 898^th place; English: 563^rd place)

"UFC Statement on Islam Makhachev". UFC.com. 14 September 2018.

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

"WADA updates list of banned substances". USA Today. Associated Press. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
"Experts say there's little evidence meldonium enhances performance". USA Today. Retrieved 8 April 2016.

v8sleuth.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Three-year ban for Mawson". V8 Sleuth. 25 September 2024.

vesti.ru (Global: 1,742^nd place; English: 7,286^th place)

"Изобретатель мельдония назвал две причины решения WADA" [Meldonium inventor named two reasons for WADA decision]. vesti.ru (in Russian). Russia. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

vg.no (Global: 811^th place; English: 1,179^th place)

"Dopingtatte Ruth Kasirye dømt til to års utestengelse". 12 June 2017.

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

"Canadian Wrestler Gets 4-Year Ban after Testing Positive for Popular Drug Used by Russian Athletes". vice.com. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2017.

wada-ama.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Prohibited List". World Anti-Doping Agency. 14 November 2013. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

wada-main-prod.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"2016 Prohibited List, Summary of Major Modifications and Explanatory Notes" (PDF). World Anti-Doping Agency. 16 September 2015.
"WADA 2015 Monitoring Program" (PDF). wada-ama.org. WADA. 1 January 2016.
"Prohibited List" (PDF). World Anti-Doping Agency. January 2016. S4:5.3. Retrieved 11 March 2016.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Grindeks: We Believe that Meldonium Should not be Included in the List of Banned Substances in Sport". Grindeks. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
"Prohibited List". World Anti-Doping Agency. 14 November 2013. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
"S4 Hormone and metabolic modulators". Antidoping Switzerland. Archived from the original on 25 September 2014.
"Top Russian ice dancer Bobrova fails doping test – report". The Big Story. 7 March 2016. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
"Гимнаст, сменивший Украину на Россию, попался на употреблении мельдония – Новости спорта – Николай Куксенков был лидером сборной России по спортивной гимнастике" [The gymnast who replaced Ukraine with Russia was caught using meldonium]. СЕГОДНЯ. Sport.segodnya.ua. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
Украинская легкоатлетка Анастасия Мохнюк попалась на допинге – Новости спорта – Семиборка принимала препарат милдронат по назначению врача и считает себя невиновной | СЕГОДНЯ. Sport.segodnya.ua (14 April 2016). Retrieved on 13 May 2016.
"Three Olympic licenses were taken away from Ukraine – Olympic Games Rio 2016 – Our wrestlers were caught using doping" [У Украины отобрали три олимпийские лицензии – ОИ Рио 2016 – Наши борцы попались на употреблении допинга]. Sport.segodnya.ua (in Russian). Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
"Branches and Representative Offices". Grindeks. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
"Mildronate". Grindeks. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016.

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

Niiler E. "The Quirky History of Meldonium". Wired. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
Niiler, Eric (9 March 2016). "The Original Users of Sharapova's Banned Drug? Soviet Super Soldiers". Wired. Retrieved 9 March 2016.

worldboxingnews.com (Global: low place; English: 6,844^th place)

Euro champ Igor Mikhalkin admits taking banned drug Meldonium. World Boxing News (11 April 2016). Retrieved on 13 May 2016.

Meldonium (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

antidoping.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

ap.org (Global: 1,968th place; English: 1,138th place)

bigstory.ap.org

apnews.com (Global: 101st place; English: 62nd place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

bmj.com (Global: 1,341st place; English: 1,425th place)

blogs.bmj.com

canoeicf.com (Global: 8,775th place; English: 6,922nd place)

chemspider.com (Global: 6,145th place; English: low place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

cnn.com

advertisementfeature.cnn.com

crossfit.com (Global: low place; English: 9,457th place)

games.crossfit.com

cyclingtips.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

delfi.lv (Global: 3,226th place; English: 7,325th place)

diena.lv (Global: 7,725th place; English: low place)

dn.se (Global: 548th place; English: 1,466th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eldia.es (Global: 7,239th place; English: low place)

espn.com (Global: 42nd place; English: 25th place)

fina.org (Global: 2,326th place; English: 1,807th place)

flovolleyball.tv (Global: low place; English: low place)

forbes.com (Global: 71st place; English: 54th place)

futbolas.lt (Global: low place; English: low place)

grindeks.lv (Global: low place; English: low place)

handball-planet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ibox.bg (Global: low place; English: low place)

topsport.ibox.bg

insidethegames.biz (Global: 1,127th place; English: 747th place)

irishexaminer.com (Global: 960th place; English: 467th place)

irishtimes.com (Global: 252nd place; English: 133rd place)

isu.org (Global: 1,862nd place; English: 1,295th place)

itftennis.com (Global: 1,010th place; English: 801st place)

medicalnewstoday.com (Global: 3,865th place; English: 3,829th place)

mmafighting.com (Global: 625th place; English: 397th place)

neveitalia.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

news.com.au (Global: 456th place; English: 254th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

nzherald.co.nz (Global: 390th place; English: 205th place)

osi.lv (Global: low place; English: low place)

radio-canada.ca (Global: 835th place; English: 1,493rd place)

ici.radio-canada.ca

rcsb.org (Global: low place; English: 8,697th place)

rsport.ru (Global: 8,640th place; English: low place)

segodnya.ua (Global: 3,152nd place; English: low place)

sport.segodnya.ua

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

skysports.com (Global: 238th place; English: 152nd place)

sport-express.ru (Global: 775th place; English: 3,513th place)

sport-express.ru

m.sport-express.ru

sport.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

sport1.de (Global: 2,657th place; English: 7,463rd place)

sports.kz (Global: 6,218th place; English: low place)

sports.yahoo.com (Global: 363rd place; English: 207th place)

swimvortex.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

tass.ru (Global: 307th place; English: 1,202nd place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

ufc.com (Global: 898th place; English: 563rd place)

usatoday.com (Global: 55th place; English: 36th place)

v8sleuth.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

vesti.ru (Global: 1,742nd place; English: 7,286th place)

vg.no (Global: 811th place; English: 1,179th place)

vice.com (Global: 247th place; English: 175th place)

wada-ama.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

wada-main-prod.s3.amazonaws.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wired.com (Global: 254th place; English: 178th place)

worldboxingnews.com (Global: low place; English: 6,844th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ap.org (Global: 1,968^th place; English: 1,138^th place)

apnews.com (Global: 101^st place; English: 62^nd place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

bmj.com (Global: 1,341^st place; English: 1,425^th place)

canoeicf.com (Global: 8,775^th place; English: 6,922^nd place)

chemspider.com (Global: 6,145^th place; English: low place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

crossfit.com (Global: low place; English: 9,457^th place)

delfi.lv (Global: 3,226^th place; English: 7,325^th place)

diena.lv (Global: 7,725^th place; English: low place)

dn.se (Global: 548^th place; English: 1,466^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

eldia.es (Global: 7,239^th place; English: low place)

espn.com (Global: 42^nd place; English: 25^th place)

fina.org (Global: 2,326^th place; English: 1,807^th place)

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

insidethegames.biz (Global: 1,127^th place; English: 747^th place)

irishexaminer.com (Global: 960^th place; English: 467^th place)

irishtimes.com (Global: 252^nd place; English: 133^rd place)

isu.org (Global: 1,862^nd place; English: 1,295^th place)

itftennis.com (Global: 1,010^th place; English: 801^st place)

medicalnewstoday.com (Global: 3,865^th place; English: 3,829^th place)

mmafighting.com (Global: 625^th place; English: 397^th place)

news.com.au (Global: 456^th place; English: 254^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nzherald.co.nz (Global: 390^th place; English: 205^th place)

radio-canada.ca (Global: 835^th place; English: 1,493^rd place)

rcsb.org (Global: low place; English: 8,697^th place)

rsport.ru (Global: 8,640^th place; English: low place)

segodnya.ua (Global: 3,152^nd place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

skysports.com (Global: 238^th place; English: 152^nd place)

sport-express.ru (Global: 775^th place; English: 3,513^th place)

sport1.de (Global: 2,657^th place; English: 7,463^rd place)

sports.kz (Global: 6,218^th place; English: low place)

sports.yahoo.com (Global: 363^rd place; English: 207^th place)

tass.ru (Global: 307^th place; English: 1,202^nd place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

ufc.com (Global: 898^th place; English: 563^rd place)

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

vesti.ru (Global: 1,742^nd place; English: 7,286^th place)

vg.no (Global: 811^th place; English: 1,179^th place)

vice.com (Global: 247^th place; English: 175^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wired.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 178^th place)

worldboxingnews.com (Global: low place; English: 6,844^th place)