Nature (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Nature" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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57web.archive.org

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33doi.org

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24harvard.edu

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23nih.gov

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5archive.org

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2arxiv.org

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aip.org

Weart, Spencer (June 2006). "The Discovery of Global Warming". American Institute of Physics. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2007.

americanscientist.org

Murphy, J.B.; R.D. Nance (2004). "How do supercontinents assemble?". American Scientist. 92 (4): 324. doi:10.1511/2004.4.324. Archived from the original on January 28, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2010.

answers.com

"Ocean Archived January 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine". The Columbia Encyclopedia. 2002. New York: Columbia University Press

archive.org

Margulis, Lynn; Dorian Sagan (1995). What is Life?. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-81326-4.
Margulis, Lynn; Dorian Sagan (1995). What is Life?. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-684-81326-4.
Clarke, Robin; Robert Lamb; Dilys Roe Ward, eds. (2002). "Decline and loss of species". Global environment outlook 3: past, present and future perspectives. London; Sterling, VA: Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. ISBN 978-92-807-2087-7.
Raven, Peter Hamilton; Johnson, George Brooks (2002). Biology. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-07-112261-0. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
Rothenberg, David (2011). Survival of the Beautiful: Art, Science and Evolution. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-216-8.

arxiv.org

Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; et al. (Planck Collaboration) (March 22, 2013). "Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results – Table 9". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 571: A1. arXiv:1303.5062. Bibcode:2014A&A...571A...1P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529. S2CID 218716838.
Varshalovich, D.A.; Potekhin, A.Y. & Ivanchik, A.V. (2000). "Testing cosmological variability of fundamental constants". AIP Conference Proceedings. 506: 503. arXiv:physics/0004062. Bibcode:2000AIPC..506..503V. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.43.6877. doi:10.1063/1.1302777.

biologyonline.com

"Unicellular". BiologyOnline.com. Retrieved August 5, 2008.

blueplanetbiomes.org

"World Climates". Blue Planet Biomes. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2006.

books.google.com

Miller; Spoolman, Scott (September 28, 2007). Environmental Science: Problems, Connections and Solutions. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-38337-6.
Khan, Firdos Alam (2011). Biotechnology Fundamentals. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-2009-4.

britannica.com

Britannica Online. "Lake (physical feature)". Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2008. [a Lake is] any relatively large body of slowly moving or standing water that occupies an inland basin of appreciable size. Definitions that precisely distinguish lakes, ponds, swamps, and even rivers and other bodies of nonoceanic water are not well established. It may be said, however, that rivers and streams are relatively fast moving; marshes and swamps contain relatively large quantities of grasses, trees, or shrubs; and ponds are relatively small in comparison to lakes. Geologically defined, lakes are temporary bodies of water.
Microorganism at the Encyclopædia Britannica

calacademy.org

"Definition of Life". California Academy of Sciences. 2006. Archived from the original on February 8, 2007. Retrieved January 7, 2007.

caltech.edu

gps.caltech.edu

Kirschvink, J.L. (1992). "Late Proterozoic Low-Latitude Global Glaciation: The Snowball Earth" (PDF). In J.W. Schopf; C. Klein (eds.). The Proterozoic Biosphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-0-521-36615-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 9, 2014. Retrieved September 22, 2006.

census.gov

The figure "about one-half of one percent" takes into account the following (See, e.g., Leckie, Stephen (1999). "How Meat-centred Eating Patterns Affect Food Security and the Environment". For hunger-proof cities: sustainable urban food systems. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. ISBN 978-0-88936-882-8. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010., which takes global average weight as 60 kg.), the total human biomass is the average weight multiplied by the current human population of approximately 6.5 billion (see, e.g., "World Population Information". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved September 28, 2006.^{[permanent dead link]}): Assuming 60–70 kg to be the average human mass (approximately 130–150 lb on the average), an approximation of total global human mass of between 390 billion (390×10⁹) and 455 billion kg (between 845 billion and 975 billion lb, or about 423 million–488 million short tons). The total biomass of all kinds on earth is estimated to be in excess of 6.8 x 10¹³ kg (75 billion short tons). By these calculations, the portion of total biomass accounted for by humans would be very roughly 0.6%.

cia.gov

"World". CIA – World Fact Book. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2008.
"GDP – Composition by Sector". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on May 22, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2017.

dictionary.com

"Lake Definition". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.

doi.org

Ducarme, Frédéric; Couvet, Denis (2020). "What does 'nature' mean?". Palgrave Communications. 6 (14). Springer Nature. doi:10.1057/s41599-020-0390-y.
An account of the pre-Socratic use of the concept of φύσις may be found in Naddaf, Gerard (2006) The Greek Concept of Nature, SUNY Press, and in Ducarme, Frédéric; Couvet, Denis (2020). "What does 'nature' mean?". Palgrave Communications. 6 (14). Springer Nature. doi:10.1057/s41599-020-0390-y.. The word φύσις, while first used in connection with a plant in Homer, occurs early in Greek philosophy, and in several senses. Generally, these senses match rather well the current senses in which the English word nature is used, as confirmed by Guthrie, W.K.C. Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus (volume 2 of his History of Greek Philosophy), Cambridge UP, 1965.
Morbidelli, A.; et al. (2000). "Source Regions and Time Scales for the Delivery of Water to Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309–1320. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x.
Murphy, J.B.; R.D. Nance (2004). "How do supercontinents assemble?". American Scientist. 92 (4): 324. doi:10.1511/2004.4.324. Archived from the original on January 28, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
Raup, David M.; J. John Sepkoski Jr. (March 1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science. 215 (4539): 1501–1503. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501. PMID 17788674. S2CID 43002817.
Diamond J; Ashmole, N. P.; Purves, P. E. (1989). "The present, past and future of human-caused extinctions". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 325 (1228): 469–476, discussion 476–477. Bibcode:1989RSPTB.325..469D. doi:10.1098/rstb.1989.0100. PMID 2574887.
Novacek M; Cleland E (2001). "The current biodiversity extinction event: scenarios for mitigation and recovery". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98 (10): 5466–5470. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.5466N. doi:10.1073/pnas.091093698. PMC 33235. PMID 11344295.
Wick, Lucia; Möhl, Adrian (2006). "The mid-Holocene extinction of silver fir (Abies alba) in the Southern Alps: a consequence of forest fires? Palaeobotanical records and forest simulations" (PDF). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 15 (4): 435–444. Bibcode:2006VegHA..15..435W. doi:10.1007/s00334-006-0051-0. S2CID 52953180. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
Stern, Harvey; Davidson, Noel (May 25, 2015). "Trends in the skill of weather prediction at lead times of 1–14 days". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 141 (692): 2726–2736. Bibcode:2015QJRMS.141.2726S. doi:10.1002/qj.2559. S2CID 119942734.
Spilhaus, Athelstan F (1942). "Maps of the whole world ocean". Geographical Review. 32 (3): 431–435. Bibcode:1942GeoRv..32..431S. doi:10.2307/210385. JSTOR 210385.
Adams, C.E. (1994). "The fish community of Loch Lomond, Scotland: its history and rapidly changing status". Hydrobiologia. 290 (1–3): 91–102. Bibcode:1994HyBio.290...91A. doi:10.1007/BF00008956. S2CID 6894397. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
Bailey, Robert G. (April 2004). "Identifying Ecoregion Boundaries" (PDF). Environmental Management. 34 (Supplement 1): S14 – S26. Bibcode:2004EnMan..34S..14B. doi:10.1007/s00267-003-0163-6. PMID 15883869. S2CID 31998098. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2009.
Neveu M, Kim HJ, Benner SA (April 2013). "The "strong" RNA world hypothesis: fifty years old". Astrobiology. 13 (4): 391–403. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13..391N. doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0868. PMID 23551238.
Cech TR (July 2012). "The RNA worlds in context". Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 4 (7): a006742. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006742. PMC 3385955. PMID 21441585.
Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE (September 1985). "Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex". Science. 229 (4719): 1277–81. Bibcode:1985Sci...229.1277B. doi:10.1126/science.3898363. PMID 3898363.
Bunker, Daniel E.; et al. (November 2005). "Species Loss and Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Tropical Forest". Science. 310 (5750): 1029–1031. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1029B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.7559. doi:10.1126/science.1117682. PMID 16239439. S2CID 42696030.
Wilcox, Bruce A. (2006). "Amphibian Decline: More Support for Biocomplexity as a Research Paradigm". EcoHealth. 3 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1007/s10393-005-0013-5. S2CID 23011961.
Schopf, J. William; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.; Czaja, Andrew D.; Tripathi, Abhishek B. (2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils". Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4): 141–155. Bibcode:2007PreR..158..141S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009.
Schopf, JW (2006). "Fossil evidence of Archaean life". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 361 (1470): 869–885. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1834. PMC 1578735. PMID 16754604.
Line, M. (January 1, 2002). "The enigma of the origin of life and its timing". Microbiology. 148 (Pt 1): 21–27. doi:10.1099/00221287-148-1-21. PMID 11782495.
Berkner, L. V.; L. C. Marshall (May 1965). "On the Origin and Rise of Oxygen Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 22 (3): 225–261. Bibcode:1965JAtS...22..225B. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1965)022<0225:OTOARO>2.0.CO;2.
Schopf J (1994). "Disparate rates, differing fates: tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (15): 6735–42. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.6735S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6735. PMC 44277. PMID 8041691.
Szewzyk U; Szewzyk R; Stenström T (1994). "Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (5): 1810–1813. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.1810S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810. PMC 43253. PMID 11607462.
Horneck G (1981). "Survival of microorganisms in space: a review". Adv Space Res. 1 (14): 39–48. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(81)90241-6. PMID 11541716.
Elhacham, Emily; Ben-Uri, Liad; et al. (2020). "Global human-made mass exceeds all living biomass". Nature. 588 (7838): 442–444. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..442E. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3010-5. PMID 33299177. S2CID 228077506.
Plumptre, Andrew J.; Baisero, Daniele; et al. (2021). "Where Might We Find Ecologically Intact Communities?". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 4: 626635. Bibcode:2021FrFGC...4.6635P. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.626635. hdl:10261/242175.
Cafaro, Philip (2022). "Reducing Human Numbers and the Size of our Economies is Necessary to Avoid a Mass Extinction and Share Earth Justly with Other Species". Philosophia. 50 (5): 2263–2282. doi:10.1007/s11406-022-00497-w. S2CID 247433264.
Stokstad, Erik (May 5, 2019). "Landmark analysis documents the alarming global decline of nature". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aax9287. S2CID 166478506.
Brauman, Kate A.; Garibaldi, Lucas A. (2020). "Global trends in nature's contributions to people". PNAS. 117 (51): 32799–32805. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11732799B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2010473117. PMC 7768808. PMID 33288690.
Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Beattie, Andrew; Ceballos, Gerardo; Crist, Eileen; Diamond, Joan; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Ehrlich, Anne H.; Harte, John; Harte, Mary Ellen; Pyke, Graham; Raven, Peter H.; Ripple, William J.; Saltré, Frédérik; Turnbull, Christine; Wackernagel, Mathis; Blumstein, Daniel T. (2021). "Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future". Frontiers in Conservation Science. 1. Bibcode:2021FrCS....1.5419B. doi:10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419.
Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; et al. (Planck Collaboration) (March 22, 2013). "Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results – Table 9". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 571: A1. arXiv:1303.5062. Bibcode:2014A&A...571A...1P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529. S2CID 218716838.
Varshalovich, D.A.; Potekhin, A.Y. & Ivanchik, A.V. (2000). "Testing cosmological variability of fundamental constants". AIP Conference Proceedings. 506: 503. arXiv:physics/0004062. Bibcode:2000AIPC..506..503V. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.43.6877. doi:10.1063/1.1302777.
Bibring, J; et al. (2006). "Global mineralogical and aqueous mars history derived from OMEGA/Mars Express data". Science. 312 (5772): 400–404. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..400B. doi:10.1126/science.1122659. PMID 16627738. S2CID 13968348.

eh-resources.org

Oosthoek, Jan (1999). "Environmental History: Between Science & Philosophy". Environmental History Resources. Archived from the original on June 26, 2007. Retrieved December 1, 2006.

epa.gov

"Past Climate Change". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. October 19, 2006. Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved January 7, 2007.

etymonline.com

The etymology of the word "physical" shows its use as a synonym for "natural" in about the mid-15th century: Harper, Douglas. "physical". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved September 20, 2006.
Harper, Douglas. "nature". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved September 23, 2006.

fs.fed.us

Bailey, Robert G. (April 2004). "Identifying Ecoregion Boundaries" (PDF). Environmental Management. 34 (Supplement 1): S14 – S26. Bibcode:2004EnMan..34S..14B. doi:10.1007/s00267-003-0163-6. PMID 15883869. S2CID 31998098. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2009.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Plumptre, Andrew J.; Baisero, Daniele; et al. (2021). "Where Might We Find Ecologically Intact Communities?". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 4: 626635. Bibcode:2021FrFGC...4.6635P. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.626635. hdl:10261/242175.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Morbidelli, A.; et al. (2000). "Source Regions and Time Scales for the Delivery of Water to Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (6): 1309–1320. Bibcode:2000M&PS...35.1309M. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x.
Raup, David M.; J. John Sepkoski Jr. (March 1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science. 215 (4539): 1501–1503. Bibcode:1982Sci...215.1501R. doi:10.1126/science.215.4539.1501. PMID 17788674. S2CID 43002817.
Diamond J; Ashmole, N. P.; Purves, P. E. (1989). "The present, past and future of human-caused extinctions". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 325 (1228): 469–476, discussion 476–477. Bibcode:1989RSPTB.325..469D. doi:10.1098/rstb.1989.0100. PMID 2574887.
Novacek M; Cleland E (2001). "The current biodiversity extinction event: scenarios for mitigation and recovery". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98 (10): 5466–5470. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.5466N. doi:10.1073/pnas.091093698. PMC 33235. PMID 11344295.
Wick, Lucia; Möhl, Adrian (2006). "The mid-Holocene extinction of silver fir (Abies alba) in the Southern Alps: a consequence of forest fires? Palaeobotanical records and forest simulations" (PDF). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 15 (4): 435–444. Bibcode:2006VegHA..15..435W. doi:10.1007/s00334-006-0051-0. S2CID 52953180. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
Stern, Harvey; Davidson, Noel (May 25, 2015). "Trends in the skill of weather prediction at lead times of 1–14 days". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 141 (692): 2726–2736. Bibcode:2015QJRMS.141.2726S. doi:10.1002/qj.2559. S2CID 119942734.
Spilhaus, Athelstan F (1942). "Maps of the whole world ocean". Geographical Review. 32 (3): 431–435. Bibcode:1942GeoRv..32..431S. doi:10.2307/210385. JSTOR 210385.
Adams, C.E. (1994). "The fish community of Loch Lomond, Scotland: its history and rapidly changing status". Hydrobiologia. 290 (1–3): 91–102. Bibcode:1994HyBio.290...91A. doi:10.1007/BF00008956. S2CID 6894397. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
Bailey, Robert G. (April 2004). "Identifying Ecoregion Boundaries" (PDF). Environmental Management. 34 (Supplement 1): S14 – S26. Bibcode:2004EnMan..34S..14B. doi:10.1007/s00267-003-0163-6. PMID 15883869. S2CID 31998098. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2009.
Neveu M, Kim HJ, Benner SA (April 2013). "The "strong" RNA world hypothesis: fifty years old". Astrobiology. 13 (4): 391–403. Bibcode:2013AsBio..13..391N. doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0868. PMID 23551238.
Bernstein H, Byerly HC, Hopf FA, Michod RE (September 1985). "Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex". Science. 229 (4719): 1277–81. Bibcode:1985Sci...229.1277B. doi:10.1126/science.3898363. PMID 3898363.
Bunker, Daniel E.; et al. (November 2005). "Species Loss and Aboveground Carbon Storage in a Tropical Forest". Science. 310 (5750): 1029–1031. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1029B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.465.7559. doi:10.1126/science.1117682. PMID 16239439. S2CID 42696030.
Schopf, J. William; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.; Czaja, Andrew D.; Tripathi, Abhishek B. (2007). "Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils". Precambrian Research. 158 (3–4): 141–155. Bibcode:2007PreR..158..141S. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009.
Berkner, L. V.; L. C. Marshall (May 1965). "On the Origin and Rise of Oxygen Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 22 (3): 225–261. Bibcode:1965JAtS...22..225B. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1965)022<0225:OTOARO>2.0.CO;2.
Schopf J (1994). "Disparate rates, differing fates: tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (15): 6735–42. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.6735S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6735. PMC 44277. PMID 8041691.
Szewzyk U; Szewzyk R; Stenström T (1994). "Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 (5): 1810–1813. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.1810S. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810. PMC 43253. PMID 11607462.
Elhacham, Emily; Ben-Uri, Liad; et al. (2020). "Global human-made mass exceeds all living biomass". Nature. 588 (7838): 442–444. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..442E. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3010-5. PMID 33299177. S2CID 228077506.
Plumptre, Andrew J.; Baisero, Daniele; et al. (2021). "Where Might We Find Ecologically Intact Communities?". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 4: 626635. Bibcode:2021FrFGC...4.6635P. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.626635. hdl:10261/242175.
Brauman, Kate A.; Garibaldi, Lucas A. (2020). "Global trends in nature's contributions to people". PNAS. 117 (51): 32799–32805. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11732799B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2010473117. PMC 7768808. PMID 33288690.
Bradshaw, Corey J. A.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Beattie, Andrew; Ceballos, Gerardo; Crist, Eileen; Diamond, Joan; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Ehrlich, Anne H.; Harte, John; Harte, Mary Ellen; Pyke, Graham; Raven, Peter H.; Ripple, William J.; Saltré, Frédérik; Turnbull, Christine; Wackernagel, Mathis; Blumstein, Daniel T. (2021). "Underestimating the Challenges of Avoiding a Ghastly Future". Frontiers in Conservation Science. 1. Bibcode:2021FrCS....1.5419B. doi:10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419.
Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; et al. (Planck Collaboration) (March 22, 2013). "Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results – Table 9". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 571: A1. arXiv:1303.5062. Bibcode:2014A&A...571A...1P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529. S2CID 218716838.
Varshalovich, D.A.; Potekhin, A.Y. & Ivanchik, A.V. (2000). "Testing cosmological variability of fundamental constants". AIP Conference Proceedings. 506: 503. arXiv:physics/0004062. Bibcode:2000AIPC..506..503V. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.43.6877. doi:10.1063/1.1302777.
Bibring, J; et al. (2006). "Global mineralogical and aqueous mars history derived from OMEGA/Mars Express data". Science. 312 (5772): 400–404. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..400B. doi:10.1126/science.1122659. PMID 16627738. S2CID 13968348.

archimedes.fas.harvard.edu

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