Nero (English Wikipedia)

Barrett 2010. Barrett, Anthony A. (2010), "Nero", in Gagarin, Michael (ed.), Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195170726.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6
Thornton, Mary Elizabeth Kelly (1971). "Nero's New Deal". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 102: 629. doi:10.2307/2935958. ISSN 0065-9711. JSTOR 2935958.
Anderson, J. G. C.; Haverfield, F. (1911). "Trajan on the Quinquennium Neronis". The Journal of Roman Studies. 1: 173–179. doi:10.2307/295862. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 295862. S2CID 163727450.
Warden reduces its size to under 100 acres (0.40 km²). Warden, P.G. (1981). "The Domus Aurea Reconsidered". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 40 (4): 271–78. doi:10.2307/989644. JSTOR 989644.
Counts, Derek B (1996). "Regum Externorum Consuetudine: The Nature and Function of Embalming in Rome". Classical Antiquity. 15 (2): 189–202. doi:10.2307/25011039. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25011039. See p. 193 n. 18 ("we should not consider it an insult that Poppaea was not buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus, as were other members of the imperial family until the time of Nerva") and p. 196 n. 37 (citing Pliny, Natural History, 12.83 for the funeral's lavishness).
Suetonius (2016). "Nero". In Kaster, Robert A (ed.). Studies on the Text of Suetonius' 'De Vita Caesarum'. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oseo/instance.00233087. ISBN 978-0-19-875847-1.
Russell, Miles; Manley, Harry (2016). "Sanctioning Memory: Changing Identity – Using 3D laser scanning to identify two 'new' portraits of the Emperor Nero in English antiquarian collections". Internet Archaeology (42). doi:10.11141/ia.42.2.
Russell, Miles; Manley, Harry (2013). "Finding Nero: shining a new light on Romano-British sculpture". Internet Archaeology (32). doi:10.11141/ia.32.5.
Klein, Reuven Chaim (2023). "Are historical sections of the Talmud actually historical? Critical tools for understanding historical claims in rabbinic literature". Journal of Philological Pedagogy. 12. Chandler School of Education: 42–75. doi:10.17613/rjp5a-md343.
Hillers, Delbert (1963). "Rev. 13, 18 and a scroll from Murabba'at". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 170 (170): 65. doi:10.2307/1355990. JSTOR 1355990. S2CID 163790686.
Sinclair, Scott Gambrill (2016). "The Book of Revelation (Course Lecture Notes)" (PDF). The Scott Sinclair Lecture Notes Collection (2). Dominican University of California: 36–37. doi:10.33015/dominican.edu/2016.sinclair.02. Nero persecuted the church at Rome, and the Beast whose number is 666 probably represents him. [...] Revelation also draws many parallels between "Babylon" (Rome) and the New Jerusalem. [...] In John's social situation the emperor did appear to be the Almighty, and Rome did appear to be the Heavenly City (attributed to the public domain)

dominican.edu

scholar.dominican.edu

Sinclair, Scott Gambrill (2016). "The Book of Revelation (Course Lecture Notes)" (PDF). The Scott Sinclair Lecture Notes Collection (2). Dominican University of California: 36–37. doi:10.33015/dominican.edu/2016.sinclair.02. Nero persecuted the church at Rome, and the Beast whose number is 666 probably represents him. [...] Revelation also draws many parallels between "Babylon" (Rome) and the New Jerusalem. [...] In John's social situation the emperor did appear to be the Almighty, and Rome did appear to be the Heavenly City (attributed to the public domain)

earlychristianwritings.com

"The Ascension of Isaiah". www.earlychristianwritings.com.
In the apocryphal Acts of Paul (archive); in the apocryphal Acts of Peter (archive); in the First Epistle of Clement 5:6) (archive; and in The Muratorian Fragment (archive)
"The Acts of Peter". www.earlychristianwritings.com.

gutenberg.org

Seneca the Younger, Apocolocyntosis 4 Archived 3 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine

historyextra.com

"Emperor Nero: the tyrant of Rome". BBC History Magazine and BBC History Revealed. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.

jstor.org

Thornton, Mary Elizabeth Kelly (1971). "Nero's New Deal". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 102: 629. doi:10.2307/2935958. ISSN 0065-9711. JSTOR 2935958.
Anderson, J. G. C.; Haverfield, F. (1911). "Trajan on the Quinquennium Neronis". The Journal of Roman Studies. 1: 173–179. doi:10.2307/295862. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 295862. S2CID 163727450.
Dawson, Alexis (1969). "Whatever Happened to Lady Agrippina?". The Classical Journal. 64 (6): 253–267. ISSN 0009-8353. JSTOR 3296108.
Warden reduces its size to under 100 acres (0.40 km²). Warden, P.G. (1981). "The Domus Aurea Reconsidered". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 40 (4): 271–78. doi:10.2307/989644. JSTOR 989644.
Counts, Derek B (1996). "Regum Externorum Consuetudine: The Nature and Function of Embalming in Rome". Classical Antiquity. 15 (2): 189–202. doi:10.2307/25011039. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25011039. See p. 193 n. 18 ("we should not consider it an insult that Poppaea was not buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus, as were other members of the imperial family until the time of Nerva") and p. 196 n. 37 (citing Pliny, Natural History, 12.83 for the funeral's lavishness).
Pollini, John (2006). "Review of Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture". The Art Bulletin. 88 (3): 590–597. ISSN 0004-3079. JSTOR 25067270.
Hillers, Delbert (1963). "Rev. 13, 18 and a scroll from Murabba'at". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 170 (170): 65. doi:10.2307/1355990. JSTOR 1355990. S2CID 163790686.

livius.org

Philostratus, Vita Apollonii, 5.41. Philostratus (1912) [c. 220]. "Books 4–5". Life of Apollonius of Tyana. Translated by F. C. Conybeare. Loeb Classical Library.

mechon-mamre.org

Ezekiel 25:14

newadvent.org

Tertullian. Apologeticum (lost text), quoted in Eusebius's Ecclesiastical History, II.25.4, translated by A. C. McGiffert. Archived 13 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
Lactantius, De mortibus persecutorum Chapter II.
Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History II.25.5 Archived 13 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
John Chrysostom wrote Nero knew Paul personally and had him killed, John Chrysostom, Concerning Lowliness of Mind 4 Archived 3 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine; Sulpicius Severus says Nero killed Peter and Paul, Sulpicius Severus, Chronica II.28–29
Sulpicius Severus and Victorinus of Pettau also say that Nero is the Antichrist, Sulpicius Severus, Chronica II.28–29; Victorinus of Pettau, Commentary on the Apocalypse 17 Archived 6 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine

oremus.org

bible.oremus.org

Acts of the Apostles 18:2

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Günther, Sven (2014) 'Taxation in the Greco-Roman World: The Roman Principate', Oxford Handbook Topics in Classical Studies.

oxfordreference.com

Barrett 2010. Barrett, Anthony A. (2010), "Nero", in Gagarin, Michael (ed.), Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195170726.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-517072-6
"Rabbi Meir". Oxford Reference. 27 June 2025. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

randomhistory.com

"Going for Gold: A History of Olympic Controversies". www.randomhistory.com. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.

roman-emperors.org

Donahue, John, "Galba (68–69 A.D.)" Archived 11 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine at De Imperatoribus Romanis.

sacred-texts.com

"The Sibylline Oracles 5.361–76, 8.68–72, 8.531–157". www.sacred-texts.com.

sefaria.org

Talmud, b. Gittin 56a
Talmud, b. Gittin 56a

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Anderson, J. G. C.; Haverfield, F. (1911). "Trajan on the Quinquennium Neronis". The Journal of Roman Studies. 1: 173–179. doi:10.2307/295862. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 295862. S2CID 163727450.
Hillers, Delbert (1963). "Rev. 13, 18 and a scroll from Murabba'at". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 170 (170): 65. doi:10.2307/1355990. JSTOR 1355990. S2CID 163790686.

substack.com

trmarvin.substack.com

Marvin, Tamar Ron (15 May 2024). "Iyar 5784: Rabbi Meir Baal ha-Nes". Stories from Jewish History. Retrieved 27 June 2025.

tertullian.org

Cassius Dio 66.4: "from the death of Nero to the beginning of Vespasian's rule a year and twenty-two days elapsed". Vespasian's reign officially began on 1 July (Suetonius, Vespasian 6), which places the death on 9 June. Furthermore, Epiphanius' On Weights and Measures (III) gives a reign length of "thirteen years and seven months and twenty-seven days". Jerome (2070) gives "13 years, 7 months and 28 days" (using inclusive counting).

thelatinlibrary.com

"Sulpicius Severus: Chronicles II". www.thelatinlibrary.com.
John Chrysostom wrote Nero knew Paul personally and had him killed, John Chrysostom, Concerning Lowliness of Mind 4 Archived 3 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine; Sulpicius Severus says Nero killed Peter and Paul, Sulpicius Severus, Chronica II.28–29
Sulpicius Severus and Victorinus of Pettau also say that Nero is the Antichrist, Sulpicius Severus, Chronica II.28–29; Victorinus of Pettau, Commentary on the Apocalypse 17 Archived 6 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine

tibursuperbum.it

Nero's villa https://www.tibursuperbum.it/eng/escursioni/subiaco/VillaNerone.htm

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

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uchicago.edu

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Cassius Dio 66.4: "from the death of Nero to the beginning of Vespasian's rule a year and twenty-two days elapsed". Vespasian's reign officially began on 1 July (Suetonius, Vespasian 6), which places the death on 9 June. Furthermore, Epiphanius' On Weights and Measures (III) gives a reign length of "thirteen years and seven months and twenty-seven days". Jerome (2070) gives "13 years, 7 months and 28 days" (using inclusive counting).
Suetonius, Nero, 6. C. Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. AD 121]. "Life of Nero". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Annals, 12.25. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Suetonius, Nero, 7 (n. 16). C. Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. AD 121]. "Life of Nero". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Suetonius, Life of Claudius 44–45
Suetonius, "Life of Nero", § 31.
Suetonius, Nero, 34. C. Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. AD 121]. "Life of Nero". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
"LacusCurtius • Domus Transitoria (Platner & Ashby, 1929)".
Suetonius, Nero, 31.1. C. Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. AD 121]. "Life of Nero". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Annals, 15.37. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
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Tacitus, Annals, 15.38. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Suetonius, Nero, 38. C. Suetonius Tranquillus (1914) [c. AD 121]. "Life of Nero". The Twelve Caesars. Translated by John Carew Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library.
Cassius Dio, 62.16. L. Cassius Dio (1927) [c. 230]. "Books 61–63". Roman History. Translated by Earnest Cary. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Annals, 15.49. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Annals, 15.50. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Annals, 15.55. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
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umich.edu

Frier, Bruce W. (2004). "Roman Same-Sex Weddings from the Legal Perspective". Classical Studies Newsletter, Volume X. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2012.

web.archive.org

Nero or his moneyers reduced the weight of the denarius from 84 per Roman pound to 96 (3.80 grams to 3.30 grams). He also reduced the silver purity from 99.5% to 93.5%—the silver weight dropping from 3.80 grams to 2.97 grams. He also reduced the weight of the aureus from 40 per Roman pound to 45 (7.9 grams to 7.2 grams). Tulane University hand-out, archived. ^{[better source needed]}
"Nero | Roman emperor". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
Frier, Bruce W. (2004). "Roman Same-Sex Weddings from the Legal Perspective". Classical Studies Newsletter, Volume X. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
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In the apocryphal Acts of Paul (archive); in the apocryphal Acts of Peter (archive); in the First Epistle of Clement 5:6) (archive; and in The Muratorian Fragment (archive)
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Tacitus, Annals, 15.55. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Annals, 15.70. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Annals, 15.60–62. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Histories, 1.2. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1925) [c. 105 AD]. "Books 1–4". Histories. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Histories, 1.4. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1925) [c. 105 AD]. "Books 1–4". Histories. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Histories, 1.5. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1925) [c. 105 AD]. "Books 1–4". Histories. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
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Tacitus, Annals, 13.20, 14.2. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Annals, 13.20; Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae, 19.1.13. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library. Josephus (1737b) [c. 94 AD]. "Chapters XIX–XX". Antiquities of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston.
Tacitus, Annals, 13.20. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Annals, 1.1; Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae, 20.8.3. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library. Josephus (1737b) [c. 94 AD]. "Chapters XIX–XX". Antiquities of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston.
Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae, 20.8.3. Josephus (1737b) [c. 94 AD]. "Chapters XIX–XX". Antiquities of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston.
Tacitus, Annals, 1.1. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1924) [c. 116 AD]. "Books 13–16". Annals. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.
Tacitus, Histories, 1.1. P. Cornelius Tacitus (1925) [c. 105 AD]. "Books 1–4". Histories. Translated by Frederick W. Shipley. Loeb Classical Library.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Thornton, Mary Elizabeth Kelly (1971). "Nero's New Deal". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 102: 629. doi:10.2307/2935958. ISSN 0065-9711. JSTOR 2935958.
Anderson, J. G. C.; Haverfield, F. (1911). "Trajan on the Quinquennium Neronis". The Journal of Roman Studies. 1: 173–179. doi:10.2307/295862. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 295862. S2CID 163727450.
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