Nevado del Ruiz (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Nevado del Ruiz" in English language version.

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PeakList.org

Jonathan de Ferranti, John Biggar and Aaron Maizlish (2005). "22 Mountain Summits with Prominence of 1,500 meters or greater". Peaklist. Retrieved 2009-03-03.

apnews.com

Goodman, Joshua (March 20, 2006). "Colombia Mudslide Kills Nine Young Hikers". Associated Press. Retrieved January 19, 2014.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"BBC:On this day: November 13: 1985: Volcano kills thousands in Colombia". British Broadcasting Corporation. November 13, 1985. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
"Signs of an eruption — A scientist has found a way to use earthquakes to predict when volcanoes will erupt". BBC. August 27, 2003. Retrieved September 13, 2008.

bbc.co.uk

Fielding, Emma. "Volcano Hell Transcript". BBC. Retrieved September 3, 2008.

bbc.com

Buschschlüter, Vanessa (April 3, 2023). "Nevado del Ruiz: Residents evacuated from slopes of volcano". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved December 21, 2023.

cnn.com

Staff (November 14, 1995). "World News Briefs". CNN. Retrieved September 20, 2008.

cosis.net

Ramirez, J.; Thouret, J.-C.; Naranjo, J.L.; Vargas, C.A.; Valla, F. (2005). "Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, 20 years after: Evolution of the ice cap, re-assessment of volcano-snow interactionprocesses that feed lahars" (PDF). Geophysical Research Abstracts. 7: 1–2.

doi.org

Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1): 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Thouret, Jean-Claude; Van der Hammen, Thomas; Salomons, Barry; Juvigne, Etienne (1996). "Paleoenvironmental Changes and Glacial Stades of the Last 50,000 Years in the Cordillera Central, Colombia". Quaternary Research. 46 (1): 1–18. Bibcode:1996QuRes..46....1T. doi:10.1006/qres.1996.0039. S2CID 129575897.
Naranjo, J.L.; Siggurdsson, H.; Carey, S.N.; Fritz, W. (August 1986). "Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985 3:06 p.m. : Tephra Fall and Lahars". Science. 233 (4767): 991–993. Bibcode:1986Sci...233..961N. doi:10.1126/science.233.4767.961. PMID 17732038. S2CID 6358629.
Barberi, F.; Martini, M.; Rosi, M. (July 1990). "Nevado del Ruiz volcano (Colombia): pre-eruption observations and the 13 November 1985 catastrophic event". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 42 (1–2): 1–12. Bibcode:1990JVGR...42....1B. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90066-O.
Giggenbach, W.F.; Garcia P., N.; Londoño C., A.; Rodriguez V., L.; Rojas G., N.; Calvache V., M.L. (1990). "The chemistry of fumarolic vapor and thermal-spring discharges from the Nevado del Ruiz volcanic-magmatic-hydrothermal system, Colombia". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 42 (1–2): 13–39. Bibcode:1990JVGR...42...13G. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90067-P.
Wright, T.L.; Pierson, T.C. (1992). Living with Volcanoes: The U. S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program: USGS Circular 1073. United States Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/cir1073. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
Krueger, Arlin J., Walter, Louis S., Schnetzler, Charles C., and Doiron, Scott D. (July 1990). "TOMS measurement of the sulfur dioxide emitted during the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz eruptions". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 41 (1–4): 7–15. Bibcode:1990JVGR...41....7K. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90081-P.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lowe, Donald R.; Williams, Stanley N.; Leigh, Henry; Connort, Charles B.; Gemmell, J. Bruce; Stoiber, Richard E. (November 1986). "Lahars initiated by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia". Nature. 324 (6092): 51–53. Bibcode:1986Natur.324...51L. doi:10.1038/324051a0. S2CID 4315639.
Touret, Jean-Claude; Laforge, Christophe (1994). "Hazard Appraisal and Hazard-Zone Mapping of Flooding and Debris Flowage in the Rio Combeima Valley and Ibague City, Tolima Department, Colombia". GeoJournal. 34 (4): 407–413. doi:10.1007/BF00813136. JSTOR 41146332. S2CID 189882493.
Venzke, E., ed. (June 2017). "Report on Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia)". Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. 42 (6). Smithsonian Institution. doi:10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN201706-351020.

drive.google.com

Mosquera, Darío; Martín, Pedro; Vesga, Carlos; González, H. (1998). Plancha 225 – Nevado del Ruiz 1:100,000. INGEOMINAS. p. 1. Retrieved 2017-06-06.

easternsnow.org

Morris, Jennifer N.; Pool, Alan J.; Klein, Andrew G. (2006). Retreat of Tropical Glaciers in Colombia and Venezuela from 1984 to 2004 as Measured from ASTER and Landsat Images (PDF). 63rd Eastern Snow Conference. Newark, Delaware USA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-26.

foxnews.com

Associated Press (April 15, 2008). "Colombian Volcano Erupts, Thousands Evacuated". Fox News. Archived from the original on 2011-02-04. Retrieved September 20, 2008.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1): 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Thouret, Jean-Claude; Van der Hammen, Thomas; Salomons, Barry; Juvigne, Etienne (1996). "Paleoenvironmental Changes and Glacial Stades of the Last 50,000 Years in the Cordillera Central, Colombia". Quaternary Research. 46 (1): 1–18. Bibcode:1996QuRes..46....1T. doi:10.1006/qres.1996.0039. S2CID 129575897.
Naranjo, J.L.; Siggurdsson, H.; Carey, S.N.; Fritz, W. (August 1986). "Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985 3:06 p.m. : Tephra Fall and Lahars". Science. 233 (4767): 991–993. Bibcode:1986Sci...233..961N. doi:10.1126/science.233.4767.961. PMID 17732038. S2CID 6358629.
Barberi, F.; Martini, M.; Rosi, M. (July 1990). "Nevado del Ruiz volcano (Colombia): pre-eruption observations and the 13 November 1985 catastrophic event". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 42 (1–2): 1–12. Bibcode:1990JVGR...42....1B. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90066-O.
Giggenbach, W.F.; Garcia P., N.; Londoño C., A.; Rodriguez V., L.; Rojas G., N.; Calvache V., M.L. (1990). "The chemistry of fumarolic vapor and thermal-spring discharges from the Nevado del Ruiz volcanic-magmatic-hydrothermal system, Colombia". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 42 (1–2): 13–39. Bibcode:1990JVGR...42...13G. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90067-P.
Krueger, Arlin J., Walter, Louis S., Schnetzler, Charles C., and Doiron, Scott D. (July 1990). "TOMS measurement of the sulfur dioxide emitted during the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz eruptions". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 41 (1–4): 7–15. Bibcode:1990JVGR...41....7K. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90081-P.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lowe, Donald R.; Williams, Stanley N.; Leigh, Henry; Connort, Charles B.; Gemmell, J. Bruce; Stoiber, Richard E. (November 1986). "Lahars initiated by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia". Nature. 324 (6092): 51–53. Bibcode:1986Natur.324...51L. doi:10.1038/324051a0. S2CID 4315639.

igsoc.org

Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1): 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2008-12-12.

ird.fr

horizon.documentation.ird.fr

Thouret, Jean-Claude; Murcia, A; Salinas, R; et al. (1990). Stratigraphy and quaternary eruptive history of the Ruiz-Tolima volcanic massif, Colombia. Implications for assessement [sic] of volcanic hazards (PDF). Symposium international géodynamique andine: résumés des communications. Paris. pp. 391–393.

iugs-geoheritage.org

International Union of Geological Sciences, ed. (2022). The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites (PDF). Spain: International Union of Geological Sciences. pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-1-7923-9975-6.

jstor.org

Touret, Jean-Claude; Laforge, Christophe (1994). "Hazard Appraisal and Hazard-Zone Mapping of Flooding and Debris Flowage in the Rio Combeima Valley and Ibague City, Tolima Department, Colombia". GeoJournal. 34 (4): 407–413. doi:10.1007/BF00813136. JSTOR 41146332. S2CID 189882493.

msn.com

encarta.msn.com

McDowell, Bart (May 1986). "Eruption in Colombia". National Geographic: 640–653. Archived from the original on 2005-01-28.

nap.edu

books.nap.edu

Mileti, Dennis S.; Bolton, Patricia A.; Fernandez, Gabriel; Updike, Randall G. (1991). The Eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano Colombia, South America, November 13, 1985. Washington, D.C.: Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (National Academy Press). p. 92. ISBN 978-0-309-04477-6.
Mileti, Dennis S.; Bolton, Patricia A.; Fernandez, Gabriel; Updike, Randall G. (1991). The Eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano Colombia, South America, November 13, 1985. Washington, D.C.: Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (National Academy Press). p. 5. ISBN 978-0-309-04477-6.
National Research Council (1991). "1". The Eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano Colombia, South America, November 13, 1985. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-0-309-04477-6.
Mileti, Dennis S.; Bolton, Patricia A.; Fernandez, Gabriel; Updike, Randall G. (1991). The Eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano Colombia, South America, November 13, 1985. Washington, D.C.: Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (National Academy Press). p. 13. ISBN 978-0-309-04477-6.
Mileti, Dennis S.; Bolton, Patricia A.; Fernandez, Gabriel; Updike, Randall G. (1991). The Eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano Colombia, South America, November 13, 1985. Washington, D.C.: Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (National Academy Press). p. 1. ISBN 978-0-585-14407-8.
Mileti, Dennis S.; Bolton, Patricia A.; Fernandez, Gabriel; Updike, Randall G. (1991). The Eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano Colombia, South America, November 13, 1985. Washington, D.C.: Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (National Academy Press). pp. 51–53. ISBN 978-0-585-14407-8.
Mileti, Dennis S.; Bolton, Patricia A.; Fernandez, Gabriel; Updike, Randall G. (1991). The Eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano Colombia, South America, November 13, 1985. Washington, D.C.: Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (National Academy Press). p. 61. ISBN 978-0-585-14407-8.
Mileti, Dennis S.; Bolton, Patricia A.; Fernandez, Gabriel; Updike, Randall G. (1991). The Eruption of Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano Colombia, South America, November 13, 1985. Washington, D.C.: Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (National Academy Press). p. 80. ISBN 978-0-309-04477-6.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Naranjo, J.L.; Siggurdsson, H.; Carey, S.N.; Fritz, W. (August 1986). "Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985 3:06 p.m. : Tephra Fall and Lahars". Science. 233 (4767): 991–993. Bibcode:1986Sci...233..961N. doi:10.1126/science.233.4767.961. PMID 17732038. S2CID 6358629.

noaa.gov

ngdc.noaa.gov

Staff. "Nevado del Ruiz – Facts and Figures". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 3, 2008.

nytimes.com

query.nytimes.com

Sullivan, Walter (June 13, 1991). "Plate Under a 'Ring of Fire'". New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2008.
Associated Press (September 2, 1989). "Colombian Volcano Erupting". New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2008.

parquesnacionales.dos

"General Data Los Nevados". Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved March 29, 2009.

reuters.com

Symmes Cobb, Julia (April 4, 2023). Baum, Bernadette (ed.). "Colombia to evacuate those closest to Nevado del Ruiz volcano". Reuters. Thomson Reuters Corporation. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
Symmes Cobb, Julia (June 27, 2023). O'Brien, Rosalba (ed.). "After 89 days, Colombia lowers activity alert at Nevado del Ruiz volcano". Reuters. Thomson Reuters Corporation. Retrieved December 21, 2023.

rgs.org

Neate, Jill (1994). Mountaineering in the Andes (PDF) (2 ed.). Expedition Advisory Centre. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-907649-64-9. Retrieved November 25, 2008.

sciencemag.org

Naranjo, J.L.; Siggurdsson, H.; Carey, S.N.; Fritz, W. (August 1986). "Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985 3:06 p.m. : Tephra Fall and Lahars". Science. 233 (4767): 991–993. Bibcode:1986Sci...233..961N. doi:10.1126/science.233.4767.961. PMID 17732038. S2CID 6358629.

sdsu.edu

geology.sdsu.edu

Camp, Vic. "Nevado del Ruiz (1985)". San Diego State University. Retrieved September 3, 2008.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1): 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Thouret, Jean-Claude; Van der Hammen, Thomas; Salomons, Barry; Juvigne, Etienne (1996). "Paleoenvironmental Changes and Glacial Stades of the Last 50,000 Years in the Cordillera Central, Colombia". Quaternary Research. 46 (1): 1–18. Bibcode:1996QuRes..46....1T. doi:10.1006/qres.1996.0039. S2CID 129575897.
Naranjo, J.L.; Siggurdsson, H.; Carey, S.N.; Fritz, W. (August 1986). "Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, On 13 November 1985 3:06 p.m. : Tephra Fall and Lahars". Science. 233 (4767): 991–993. Bibcode:1986Sci...233..961N. doi:10.1126/science.233.4767.961. PMID 17732038. S2CID 6358629.
Lowe, Donald R.; Williams, Stanley N.; Leigh, Henry; Connort, Charles B.; Gemmell, J. Bruce; Stoiber, Richard E. (November 1986). "Lahars initiated by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia". Nature. 324 (6092): 51–53. Bibcode:1986Natur.324...51L. doi:10.1038/324051a0. S2CID 4315639.
Touret, Jean-Claude; Laforge, Christophe (1994). "Hazard Appraisal and Hazard-Zone Mapping of Flooding and Debris Flowage in the Rio Combeima Valley and Ibague City, Tolima Department, Colombia". GeoJournal. 34 (4): 407–413. doi:10.1007/BF00813136. JSTOR 41146332. S2CID 189882493.

sgc.gov.co

www2.sgc.gov.co

"Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales". www2.sgc.gov.co. Retrieved 3 February 2019.

si.edu

volcano.si.edu

"Nevado del Ruiz". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2011-05-01.
"Nevado del Ruiz: Synonyms & Subfeatures". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
"Nevado del Ruiz: Eruptive History". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
"Frequently Asked Questions: What is an eruption?". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
"Nevado del Ruiz: Bulletin Reports". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
"Nevado del Ruiz: Weekly Reports". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
Sennert, S. K., ed. (2018). "Report on Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) — 24 October-30 October 2018". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution and United States Geological Survey.

botany.si.edu

Rangel-Ch., J. Orlando; Garzón-C., Aída (1997). "Region of Los Nevados Natural National Park". In Davis, S.D.; Heywood, V.H.; Herrera-MacBryde, O.; Villa-Lobos, J.; Hamilton, A. (eds.). Centres of Plant Diversity: A Guide and Strategy for Their Conservation. Volume 3: The Americas. Cambridge, England: World Wide Fund for Nature, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. ISBN 978-2-8317-0199-8. Archived from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved December 16, 2008..

tierramerica.net

María Isabel García (2001). "The Thawing of the Peaks". Tierramerica. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2008.

usgs.gov

web.archive.org

"General Data Los Nevados". Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved March 29, 2009.
Huggel, Cristian; Ceballos, Jorge Luis; Pulgarín, Bernardo; Ramírez, Jair; Thouret, Jean-Claude (2007). "Review and reassessment of hazards owing to volcano–glacier interactions in Colombia" (PDF). Annals of Glaciology. 45 (1): 128–136. Bibcode:2007AnGla..45..128H. doi:10.3189/172756407782282408. S2CID 18144817. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Morris, Jennifer N.; Pool, Alan J.; Klein, Andrew G. (2006). Retreat of Tropical Glaciers in Colombia and Venezuela from 1984 to 2004 as Measured from ASTER and Landsat Images (PDF). 63rd Eastern Snow Conference. Newark, Delaware USA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-26.
María Isabel García (2001). "The Thawing of the Peaks". Tierramerica. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
Rangel-Ch., J. Orlando; Garzón-C., Aída (1997). "Region of Los Nevados Natural National Park". In Davis, S.D.; Heywood, V.H.; Herrera-MacBryde, O.; Villa-Lobos, J.; Hamilton, A. (eds.). Centres of Plant Diversity: A Guide and Strategy for Their Conservation. Volume 3: The Americas. Cambridge, England: World Wide Fund for Nature, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. ISBN 978-2-8317-0199-8. Archived from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved December 16, 2008..
"Frequently Asked Questions: What is an eruption?". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
"Deadly Lahars from Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia: November 13, 1985". United States Geological Survey. September 30, 1999. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved March 18, 2010.
Topinka, Lyn. "Deadliest Volcanic Eruptions Since 1500 A.D." United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on May 31, 2012. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
McDowell, Bart (May 1986). "Eruption in Colombia". National Geographic: 640–653. Archived from the original on 2005-01-28.
Associated Press (April 15, 2008). "Colombian Volcano Erupts, Thousands Evacuated". Fox News. Archived from the original on 2011-02-04. Retrieved September 20, 2008.

Nevado del Ruiz (English Wikipedia)

PeakList.org

apnews.com

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

bbc.co.uk

bbc.com

cnn.com

cosis.net

doi.org

drive.google.com

easternsnow.org

foxnews.com

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

igsoc.org

ird.fr

horizon.documentation.ird.fr

iugs-geoheritage.org

jstor.org

msn.com

encarta.msn.com

nap.edu

books.nap.edu

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

noaa.gov

ngdc.noaa.gov

nytimes.com

query.nytimes.com

parquesnacionales.dos

reuters.com

rgs.org

sciencemag.org

sdsu.edu

geology.sdsu.edu

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

sgc.gov.co

www2.sgc.gov.co

si.edu

volcano.si.edu

botany.si.edu

tierramerica.net

usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

vulcan.wr.usgs.gov

volcanoes.usgs.gov

web.archive.org