Nile (English Wikipedia)

Vijverberg, Jacobus; Sibbing, Ferdinand A.; Dejen, Eshete (2009). "Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile". Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile, in, The Nile. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 163–192. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9726-3_9. ISBN 978-1-4020-9726-3. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021 – via Google Books.
Morbach, M; Ribbe, Lars; Pedroso, Lui (2014). "Supporting the Development of Efficient and Effective River Basin Organisations in Africa: What Steps Can Be Taken to Improve Transboundary Water Cooperation Between Riparian States of the Nile?". In Melesse, Assefa M.; Setegn, Shimelis G.; Abtew, Wossenu (eds.). Nile River Basin Ecohydrological Challenges, Climate Change and Hydropolitics. Springer International Publishing (published 13 February 2014). p. 600. ISBN 978-3-319-02720-3. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
Aziz, Yehia Abdel. "Irrigation Management Transfer: Development and Turnover to Private Water User Associations in Egypt" (PDF). core.ac.uk, USAID·assisted Irrigation Improvement Project. Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources (MPWWR), Cairo, Egypt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
Said, R (1976). "The Geological Evolution of the River Nile in Egypt". In Rzóska, J. (ed.). The Nile, Biology of an Ancient River. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 29. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 2. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1563-9_1. ISBN 978-94-010-1563-9. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021 – via Microsoft Academic.

attalus.org (Global: 5,033^rd place; English: 3,554^th place)

S. Whiteway, editor and translator, The Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1441–1543, 1902. (Nendeln, Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, 1967), p. 241. Referring to Cicero, De Republica, 6.19 Archived 2 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
Natural History, 5.(10).51

aulaorientalis.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

An overview is given by: Carles Múrcia (2006). [1]Greek: Νεῖλος : El nom grec del riu Nil pot ser d'origen amazic? Archived 4 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine Aula Orientalis 24: 269–292

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

Fleming, Lucy (18 May 2010). "Sudan's Nile Island joins the 21st Century". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2024.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Margat, Jean F. (2004). Mediterranean Basin Water Atlas. UNESCO. p. 4. ISBN 978-2-9517181-5-9. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2022. A basin of varied geometry: Area of the entire Mediterranean Basin, including the whole of the Nile Basin = 4,562,480 km²; Area of the 'conventional' Mediterranean Basin (i.e. counting only part of the Nile Basin in Egypt) = 1,836,480 km² [...] There are few rivers with an abundant flow. Only three rivers have a mean discharge of more than 1000 m³/s: the Nile (at Aswan), the Rhône and the Po.
Daniel Hillel (2007). The Natural History of the Bible: An Environmental Exploration of the Hebrew Scriptures. Columbia University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-231-13363-0.
Morbach, M; Ribbe, Lars; Pedroso, Lui (2014). "Supporting the Development of Efficient and Effective River Basin Organisations in Africa: What Steps Can Be Taken to Improve Transboundary Water Cooperation Between Riparian States of the Nile?". In Melesse, Assefa M.; Setegn, Shimelis G.; Abtew, Wossenu (eds.). Nile River Basin Ecohydrological Challenges, Climate Change and Hydropolitics. Springer International Publishing (published 13 February 2014). p. 600. ISBN 978-3-319-02720-3. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
Shahin, Mamdouh (2002). Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa. Springer. pp. 276, 287–288. ISBN 1-4020-0866-X. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
Said, Rushdi (22 October 2013). The River Nile Geology, Hydrology and Utilization (Ebook) (22 October 2013 ed.). Elsevier Science (published 1993). p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4832-8768-3. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
Said, R (6 December 2012). The Geological Evolution of the River Nile. New York: Springer (published 2012). p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4612-5841-4. Retrieved 23 May 2021 – via Google.
Dizionario biografico universale, Volume 5, by Felice Scifoni, Publisher Davide Passagli, Florence (1849); page 411.
Ten Centuries of European Progress Archived 30 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine by Lowis D'Aguilar Jalkson (1893) pages 126–127.
Shahin, Mamdouh (2002). Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa. Springer. pp. 286–287. ISBN 1-4020-0866-X. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
"Big Canal To Change Course of Nile River" Archived 5 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. October 1933. Popular Science (short article on top-right of page with map).

brill.com (Global: 1,840^th place; English: 1,115^th place)

Yihdego, Zeray (25 May 2017). "The Fairness 'Dilemma' in Sharing the Nile Waters: What Lessons from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam for International Law?". Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law. 2 (2): 2–3. doi:10.1163/23529369-12340006. hdl:2164/12347. ISSN 2352-9350.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

Harold Edwin Hurst, Nile River at the Encyclopædia Britannica
"Nile River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015.
"Blue Nile River | river, Africa". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.

copernicus.org (Global: 7,281^st place; English: 5,368^th place)

hess.copernicus.org

Haile, A T; Rientjes, T H M; Habib, E; Jetten, V; Gebremichael, M (24 March 2011). "Rain event properties at the source of the Blue Nile River". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 15 (3): 1023–1034. Bibcode:2011HESS...15.1023H. doi:10.5194/hess-15-1023-2011. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.

core.ac.uk (Global: 1,734^th place; English: 1,312^th place)

Aziz, Yehia Abdel. "Irrigation Management Transfer: Development and Turnover to Private Water User Associations in Egypt" (PDF). core.ac.uk, USAID·assisted Irrigation Improvement Project. Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources (MPWWR), Cairo, Egypt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.

crisisgroup.org (Global: 6,150^th place; English: 4,439^th place)

"Bridging the Gap in the Nile Waters Dispute". Crisis Group. 20 March 2019. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2019.

dabangasudan.org (Global: low place; English: 6,489^th place)

"The battle over Khartoum's bridges". Dabanga Radio TV Online. 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hans Goedicke (Spring 1979). "Νεῖλος - An Etymology". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (1): 69–72. doi:10.2307/294226. JSTOR 294226.
Liu, Shaochuang; Lu, P; Liu, D; Jin, P; Wang, W (1 March 2009). "Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world". Int. J. Digit. Earth. 2 (1): 80–87. Bibcode:2009IJDE....2...80L. doi:10.1080/17538940902746082. S2CID 27548511. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
Vijverberg, Jacobus; Sibbing, Ferdinand A.; Dejen, Eshete (2009). "Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile". Lake Tana: Source of the Blue Nile, in, The Nile. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 89. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 163–192. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9726-3_9. ISBN 978-1-4020-9726-3. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021 – via Google Books.
Haile, A T; Rientjes, T H M; Habib, E; Jetten, V; Gebremichael, M (24 March 2011). "Rain event properties at the source of the Blue Nile River". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 15 (3): 1023–1034. Bibcode:2011HESS...15.1023H. doi:10.5194/hess-15-1023-2011. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
Stern, Robert J.; Abdelsalam, Mohamed Gamal (1996). "The Origin of the Great Bend of the Nile from SIR-C/X-SAR Imaginary". Science. 274 (5293): 1696–1698. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1696S. doi:10.1126/science.274.5293.1696. PMID 8939856. S2CID 30460159.
Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7)". Journal of Hydrology. 577 123968. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968. S2CID 199099061.
Carmignani, Luigi; Salvini, Riccardo; Bonciani, Filippo (2009). "Did the Nile River flow to the Gulf of Sirt during the late Miocene?". Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana (Italian Journal of Geoscience). 128 (2): 403–408. doi:10.3301/IJG.2009.128.2.403 (inactive 12 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Salvini, Riccardo; Carmignani, Luigi; Francionib, Mirko; Casazzaa, Paolo (2015). "Elevation modelling and palaeo-environmental interpretation in the Siwa area (Egypt): Application of SAR interferometry and radargrammetry to COSMO-SkyMed imagery". Catena. 129: 46–62. Bibcode:2015Caten.129...46S. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.017. hdl:10871/20327.
Although the ancestral Sahara Desert initially developed at least 7 million years ago, it grew during interglacial periods and shrank during glacial ones. The growth of the current Sahara began about 6,000 years ago. Schuster, Mathieu; et al. (2006). "The age of the Sahara desert". Science. 311 (5762): 821. doi:10.1126/science.1120161. PMID 16469920. S2CID 206508108.
Sheisha, Hader (2022). "Nile waterscapes facilitated the construction of the Giza pyramids during the 3rd millennium BCE". PNAS. 119 (37) e2202530119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11902530S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2202530119. PMC 9477388. PMID 36037388.
Said, R (1976). "The Geological Evolution of the River Nile in Egypt". In Rzóska, J. (ed.). The Nile, Biology of an Ancient River. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 29. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 2. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1563-9_1. ISBN 978-94-010-1563-9. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021 – via Microsoft Academic.
El Mahmoudi, A.; Gabr, A. (2008). "Geophysical surveys to investigate the relation between the Quaternary Nile channels and the Messinian Nile canyon at East Nile Delta, Egypt". Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2 (1): 53–67. doi:10.1007/s12517-008-0018-9. ISSN 1866-7511. S2CID 128432827.
Embabi, N.S. (2018). "Remarkable Events in the Life of the River Nile". Landscapes and Landforms of Egypt. World Geomorphological Landscapes. pp. 39–45. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_4. ISBN 978-3-319-65659-5. ISSN 1866-7538. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
Osypiński, Piotr; Osypińska, Marta; Gautier, Achilles (2011). "Affad 23, a Late Middle Palaeolithic Site With Refitted Lithics and Animal Remains in the Southern Dongola Reach, Sudan". Journal of African Archaeology. 9 (2): 177–188. doi:10.3213/2191-5784-10186. ISSN 1612-1651. JSTOR 43135549. OCLC 7787802958. S2CID 161078189.
Salama, R.B. (1987). "The evolution of the River Nile, The buried saline rift lakes in Sudan". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 6 (6): 899–913. doi:10.1016/0899-5362(87)90049-2.
Morrice, H.A.W.; Allan, W N. (1959). "Planning for the ultimate hydraulic development of the Nile Valley". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. 14 (2): 101–156. doi:10.1680/iicep.1959.11963.
Yihdego, Zeray (25 May 2017). "The Fairness 'Dilemma' in Sharing the Nile Waters: What Lessons from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam for International Law?". Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law. 2 (2): 2–3. doi:10.1163/23529369-12340006. hdl:2164/12347. ISSN 2352-9350.
Ranjan, Amit (2 January 2024). "Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute: implications, negotiations, and mediations". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 42 (1): 18, 23–24. doi:10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425. ISSN 0258-9001.
Matthews, Ron; Vivoda, Vlado (4 July 2023). "'Water Wars': strategic implications of the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam". Conflict, Security & Development. 23 (4): 339. doi:10.1080/14678802.2023.2257137. ISSN 1467-8802.
Matthews, Ron; Vivoda, Vlado (4 July 2023). "'Water Wars': strategic implications of the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam". Conflict, Security & Development. 23 (4): 349. doi:10.1080/14678802.2023.2257137. ISSN 1467-8802.
İlkbahar, Hasan; Mercan, Muhammed Hüseyin (2023). "Hydro-Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony and Neoclassical Realism on the Nile Basin: An Analysis of Egypt's Response to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)". Journal of Asian and African Studies. 60 (2): 7–8. doi:10.1177/00219096231188953. ISSN 0021-9096.
Elsanabary, Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa (2012). Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin (PhD thesis). Canada: University of Alberta. doi:10.7939/R3377641M. hdl:10402/era.28151.
Roussi, Antoaneta (23 July 2020). "Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 583 (7817): 501–502. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..501R. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02124-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32669727.
Ranjan, Amit (2 January 2024). "Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam dispute: implications, negotiations, and mediations". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 42 (1): 28–30. doi:10.1080/02589001.2023.2287425. ISSN 0258-9001.
Matthews, Ron; and Vivoda, Vlado (4 July 2023). "'Water Wars': strategic implications of the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam". Conflict, Security & Development. 23 (4): 346. doi:10.1080/14678802.2023.2257137. ISSN 1467-8802.
İlkbahar, Hasan; Mercan, Muhammed Hüseyin (1 March 2025). "Hydro-Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony and Neoclassical Realism on the Nile Basin: An Analysis of Egypt's Response to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)". Journal of Asian and African Studies. 60 (2): 10. doi:10.1177/00219096231188953. ISSN 0021-9096.
Matthews, Ron; and Vivoda, Vlado (4 July 2023). "'Water Wars': strategic implications of the grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam". Conflict, Security & Development. 23 (4): 348–350. doi:10.1080/14678802.2023.2257137. ISSN 1467-8802.

eb.com (Global: 5,420^th place; English: 5,395^th place)

library.eb.com

"Sobat River". Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 January 2008.

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

"Nile". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2013.

fordham.edu (Global: 1,648^th place; English: 1,137^th place)

sourcebooks.fordham.edu

Halsall, Paul (May 1998). "Hymn To The Nile". Fordham University. Retrieved 20 November 2016.

geohack.toolforge.org (Global: 3,699^th place; English: 3,000^th place)

The river's outflow from that lake occurs at 12°02′09″N 37°15′53″E / 12.03583°N 37.26472°E / 12.03583; 37.26472

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Salvini, Riccardo; Carmignani, Luigi; Francionib, Mirko; Casazzaa, Paolo (2015). "Elevation modelling and palaeo-environmental interpretation in the Siwa area (Egypt): Application of SAR interferometry and radargrammetry to COSMO-SkyMed imagery". Catena. 129: 46–62. Bibcode:2015Caten.129...46S. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.017. hdl:10871/20327.
Yihdego, Zeray (25 May 2017). "The Fairness 'Dilemma' in Sharing the Nile Waters: What Lessons from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam for International Law?". Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law. 2 (2): 2–3. doi:10.1163/23529369-12340006. hdl:2164/12347. ISSN 2352-9350.
Elsanabary, Mohamed Helmy Mahmoud Moustafa (2012). Teleconnection, Modeling, Climate Anomalies Impact and Forecasting of Rainfall and Streamflow of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin (PhD thesis). Canada: University of Alberta. doi:10.7939/R3377641M. hdl:10402/era.28151.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Liu, Shaochuang; Lu, P; Liu, D; Jin, P; Wang, W (1 March 2009). "Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world". Int. J. Digit. Earth. 2 (1): 80–87. Bibcode:2009IJDE....2...80L. doi:10.1080/17538940902746082. S2CID 27548511. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
Haile, A T; Rientjes, T H M; Habib, E; Jetten, V; Gebremichael, M (24 March 2011). "Rain event properties at the source of the Blue Nile River". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 15 (3): 1023–1034. Bibcode:2011HESS...15.1023H. doi:10.5194/hess-15-1023-2011. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
Stern, Robert J.; Abdelsalam, Mohamed Gamal (1996). "The Origin of the Great Bend of the Nile from SIR-C/X-SAR Imaginary". Science. 274 (5293): 1696–1698. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1696S. doi:10.1126/science.274.5293.1696. PMID 8939856. S2CID 30460159.
Salvini, Riccardo; Carmignani, Luigi; Francionib, Mirko; Casazzaa, Paolo (2015). "Elevation modelling and palaeo-environmental interpretation in the Siwa area (Egypt): Application of SAR interferometry and radargrammetry to COSMO-SkyMed imagery". Catena. 129: 46–62. Bibcode:2015Caten.129...46S. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.017. hdl:10871/20327.
Sheisha, Hader (2022). "Nile waterscapes facilitated the construction of the Giza pyramids during the 3rd millennium BCE". PNAS. 119 (37) e2202530119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11902530S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2202530119. PMC 9477388. PMID 36037388.
Roussi, Antoaneta (23 July 2020). "Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 583 (7817): 501–502. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..501R. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02124-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32669727.

holivar2006.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Marshall et al.,"Late Pleistocene and Holocene environmental and climatic change from Lake Tana, source of the Blue Nile" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2006. Retrieved 30 September 2006.

iahs.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

J. V. Sutcliffe & Y.P. Parks (1999). "12" (PDF). The Hydrology of the Nile. IAHS Special Publication no. 5. p. 161. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2010.

ielrc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hurst H.E.; et al. (2011). "The Nile Basins |volume 1 The Hydrology of the Blue Nile and Akbara and the Main Nile to Aswan, with some Reference to the Projects Nile control Dept. paper 12" (PDF). Cairo: Government Printing office. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2011.

indiatimes.com (Global: 17^th place; English: 15^th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"What's the Blue Nile and the White Nile?". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Hans Goedicke (Spring 1979). "Νεῖλος - An Etymology". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (1): 69–72. doi:10.2307/294226. JSTOR 294226.
Osypiński, Piotr; Osypińska, Marta; Gautier, Achilles (2011). "Affad 23, a Late Middle Palaeolithic Site With Refitted Lithics and Animal Remains in the Southern Dongola Reach, Sudan". Journal of African Archaeology. 9 (2): 177–188. doi:10.3213/2191-5784-10186. ISSN 1612-1651. JSTOR 43135549. OCLC 7787802958. S2CID 161078189.
Barnett, M.P. (1957). "Comment on the Nile Valley Calculations". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B. 19: 223. JSTOR 2983815.

lochnesswatergardens.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sacred blue lily of the Nile". Loch Ness Water Gardens. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2018.

marktanner.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mark Tanner, Paddling the Blue Nile in Flood Archived 1 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 November 2014

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Marijke Eken (2012). "The origin of the word INDIGO and ANILA" (PDF). mekenart.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2018.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

"Egyptian Dust Plume, Red Sea". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 8 July 2013. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014.
"Two Niles Meet: Image of the Day". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 26 April 2013. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 296^th place)

news.nationalgeographic.com

"Where Does the Amazon River Begin?". National Geographic News. 15 February 2014. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2018.

nature.com (Global: 234^th place; English: 397^th place)

Roussi, Antoaneta (23 July 2020). "Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 583 (7817): 501–502. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..501R. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02124-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32669727.

nga.mil (Global: 2,028^th place; English: 1,414^th place)

earth-info.nga.mil

BGN/PCGN. "Romanization System for Amharic Archived 13 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine". 1967. Hosted at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, 2013. Accessed 28 February 2014.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stern, Robert J.; Abdelsalam, Mohamed Gamal (1996). "The Origin of the Great Bend of the Nile from SIR-C/X-SAR Imaginary". Science. 274 (5293): 1696–1698. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1696S. doi:10.1126/science.274.5293.1696. PMID 8939856. S2CID 30460159.
Although the ancestral Sahara Desert initially developed at least 7 million years ago, it grew during interglacial periods and shrank during glacial ones. The growth of the current Sahara began about 6,000 years ago. Schuster, Mathieu; et al. (2006). "The age of the Sahara desert". Science. 311 (5762): 821. doi:10.1126/science.1120161. PMID 16469920. S2CID 206508108.
Sheisha, Hader (2022). "Nile waterscapes facilitated the construction of the Giza pyramids during the 3rd millennium BCE". PNAS. 119 (37) e2202530119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11902530S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2202530119. PMC 9477388. PMID 36037388.
Roussi, Antoaneta (23 July 2020). "Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists". Nature. 583 (7817): 501–502. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..501R. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02124-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32669727.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Sheisha, Hader (2022). "Nile waterscapes facilitated the construction of the Giza pyramids during the 3rd millennium BCE". PNAS. 119 (37) e2202530119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11902530S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2202530119. PMC 9477388. PMID 36037388.

nilebasin.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Nile River". Nile Basin Initiative. 2011. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
"The Nile Basin Initiative". Archived from the original on 27 June 2007.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Walsh, Decian (9 February 2020). "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
Cambanis, Thanassis (25 September 2010). "Egypt and Thirsty Neighbors Are at Odds Over Nile". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2010.

popsci.com (Global: 2,941^st place; English: 2,021^st place)

Solis-Moreira, Jocelyn (31 August 2022). "A dried-up arm of the Nile provides another clue to how Egyptians built the pyramids". Popular Science. Retrieved 2 September 2022.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Liu, Shaochuang; Lu, P; Liu, D; Jin, P; Wang, W (1 March 2009). "Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world". Int. J. Digit. Earth. 2 (1): 80–87. Bibcode:2009IJDE....2...80L. doi:10.1080/17538940902746082. S2CID 27548511. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
Carmignani, Luigi; Salvini, Riccardo; Bonciani, Filippo (2009). "Did the Nile River flow to the Gulf of Sirt during the late Miocene?". Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana (Italian Journal of Geoscience). 128 (2): 403–408. doi:10.3301/IJG.2009.128.2.403 (inactive 12 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Although the ancestral Sahara Desert initially developed at least 7 million years ago, it grew during interglacial periods and shrank during glacial ones. The growth of the current Sahara began about 6,000 years ago. Schuster, Mathieu; et al. (2006). "The age of the Sahara desert". Science. 311 (5762): 821. doi:10.1126/science.1120161. PMID 16469920. S2CID 206508108.
"Nicol-André Berdellé (2024) Breach of Aswan Dam - a realistic worst case scenario" [2]

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