Nuclear weapons testing (English Wikipedia)

For a longer and more technical discussion, see US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (October 1989). The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions (PDF). Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-02-27. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
Nevada Test Site: U1a Complex subcritical experiments (PDF) (Report). DOE Nevada. February 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2003.
"United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992" (PDF). Las Vegas, NV: Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office. 2000-12-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-12. Retrieved 2013-12-18. This is usually cited as the "official" US list.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Danielson, Jeremy; Bauer, Amy L. (September 2016). Nightshade Prototype Experiments (Silverleaf). Los Alamos National Laboratory (Report). OSTI. doi:10.2172/1338708. OSTI 1338708.
Pavlovski, O. A. (1 January 1998). "Radiological Consequences of Nuclear Testing for the Population of the Former USSR (Input Information, Models, Dose, and Risk Estimates)". Atmospheric Nuclear Tests. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 219–260. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03610-5_17. ISBN 978-3-642-08359-4.
Bouville, André; Simon, Steven L.; Miller, Charles W.; Beck, Harold L.; Anspaugh, Lynn R.; Bennett, Burton G. (2002). "Estimates of Doses from Global Fallout". Health Physics. 82 (5): 690–705. Bibcode:2002HeaPh..82..690B. doi:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00015. ISSN 0017-9078. PMID 12003019.
Prăvălie, Remus (2014-02-22). "Nuclear Weapons Tests and Environmental Consequences: A Global Perspective". Ambio. 43 (6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 729–744. Bibcode:2014Ambio..43..729P. doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0491-1. ISSN 0044-7447. PMC 4165831. PMID 24563393.
Hennaoui, Leila; Nurzhan, Marzhan (2023-10-02). "Dealing with a Nuclear Past: Revisiting the Cases of Algeria and Kazakhstan through a Decolonial Lens". The International Spectator. 58 (4): 91–109. doi:10.1080/03932729.2023.2234817. ISSN 0393-2729.
Maguire, Richard (2007). "From the Guest Editor: The nuclear weapon and genocide: The beginning of a discussion". Journal of Genocide Research. 9 (3): 353–360. doi:10.1080/14623520701528866. ISSN 1462-3528.
Council, National Research (11 February 2003). Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests: A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations. doi:10.17226/10621. ISBN 9780309087131. PMID 25057651.

environmentandsociety.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hsu, Hsuan L. (2014-05-21). "Nuclear colonialism". Environment & Society Portal. Retrieved 2025-01-03.

fas.org (Global: 505^th place; English: 410^th place)

Papazian, Ghazar R.; Reinovsky, Robert E.; Beatty, Jerry N. (2003). "The New World of the Nevada Test Site" (PDF). Los Alamos Science (28). Retrieved 2013-12-12.
Thorn, Robert N.; Westervelt, Donald R. (February 1, 1987). "Hydronuclear Experiments" (PDF). LANL Report LA-10902-MS. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
"Nuclear Weapons Test List". Fas.org. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
"Pakistan Special Weapons - A Chronology". Archived from the original on 2012-04-27. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
"Pakistan Nuclear Weapons: A Brief History of Pakistan's Nuclear Program". Federation of American Scientists. 11 December 2002. Retrieved 30 October 2019.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bouville, André; Simon, Steven L.; Miller, Charles W.; Beck, Harold L.; Anspaugh, Lynn R.; Bennett, Burton G. (2002). "Estimates of Doses from Global Fallout". Health Physics. 82 (5): 690–705. Bibcode:2002HeaPh..82..690B. doi:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00015. ISSN 0017-9078. PMID 12003019.
Prăvălie, Remus (2014-02-22). "Nuclear Weapons Tests and Environmental Consequences: A Global Perspective". Ambio. 43 (6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 729–744. Bibcode:2014Ambio..43..729P. doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0491-1. ISSN 0044-7447. PMC 4165831. PMID 24563393.

india.com (Global: 385^th place; English: 234^th place)

zeenews.india.com

"US conducts 'subcritical' nuclear test". zeenews.india.com. 2012-12-07. Retrieved 2013-05-28.

iss-atom.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mikhailov, Editor in Chief, V.N.; Andryushin, L.A.; Voloshin, N.P.; Ilkaev, R.I.; Matushchenko, A.M.; Ryabev, L.D.; Strukov, V.G.; Chernyshev, A.K.; Yudin, Yu.A. "Catalog of Worldwide Nuclear Testing". Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2013-12-28. {{cite web}}: |last1= has generic name (help)An equivalent list available on the internet.

llnl.gov (Global: 6,750^th place; English: 5,140^th place)

Conrad, David C. (July 1, 2000). "Underground explosions are music to their ears". Science and Technology Review. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
O'Brien, Nolan (24 May 2019). "Subcritical experiment captures scientific measurements to advance stockpile safety". LLNL. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

missouriindependent.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kinsella, William (2023-08-04). "The nuclear arms race's legacy: Contamination, staggering cleanup costs and a culture of secrecy • Missouri Independent". Missouri Independent. Retrieved 2025-01-07.

nap.edu (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,553^rd place)

books.nap.edu

Council, National Research (11 February 2003). Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests: A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations. doi:10.17226/10621. ISBN 9780309087131. PMID 25057651.

nhk.or.jp (Global: 145^th place; English: 1,388^th place)

www3.nhk.or.jp

"US conducted subcritical nuclear test in November". NHK World-Japan. 16 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bouville, André; Simon, Steven L.; Miller, Charles W.; Beck, Harold L.; Anspaugh, Lynn R.; Bennett, Burton G. (2002). "Estimates of Doses from Global Fallout". Health Physics. 82 (5): 690–705. Bibcode:2002HeaPh..82..690B. doi:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00015. ISSN 0017-9078. PMID 12003019.
Prăvălie, Remus (2014-02-22). "Nuclear Weapons Tests and Environmental Consequences: A Global Perspective". Ambio. 43 (6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 729–744. Bibcode:2014Ambio..43..729P. doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0491-1. ISSN 0044-7447. PMC 4165831. PMID 24563393.
Council, National Research (11 February 2003). Exposure of the American Population to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Weapons Tests: A Review of the CDC-NCI Draft Report on a Feasibility Study of the Health Consequences to the American Population from Nuclear Weapons Tests Conducted by the United States and Other Nations. doi:10.17226/10621. ISBN 9780309087131. PMID 25057651.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Prăvălie, Remus (2014-02-22). "Nuclear Weapons Tests and Environmental Consequences: A Global Perspective". Ambio. 43 (6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 729–744. Bibcode:2014Ambio..43..729P. doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0491-1. ISSN 0044-7447. PMC 4165831. PMID 24563393.

nuclearweaponarchive.org (Global: 2,381^st place; English: 1,789^th place)

Carey Sublette (9 August 2001), Nuclear Weapons Frequently Asked Questions, section 4.1.9, retrieved 10 April 2011

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"Troops Who Cleaned Up Radioactive Islands Can't Get Medical Care". The New York Times. 28 January 2017.

ornl.gov (Global: 5,534^th place; English: 4,538^th place)

cdiac.esd.ornl.gov

"Atmospheric δ¹⁴C record from Wellington". Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. 1994. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
Levin, I.; et al. (1994). "δ¹⁴C record from Vermunt". Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. Archived from the original on 23 September 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2016.

osti.gov (Global: 2,036^th place; English: 1,254^th place)

Danielson, Jeremy; Bauer, Amy L. (September 2016). Nightshade Prototype Experiments (Silverleaf). Los Alamos National Laboratory (Report). OSTI. doi:10.2172/1338708. OSTI 1338708.
The Containment of Underground Explosions (Report). Office of Technology Assessment. 31 October 1989. p. 11. OTA-ISC-414.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

Hardach, Sophie; Shirbon, Estelle (24 March 2009). "France to compensate victims of nuclear testing". Reuters. Retrieved 28 January 2025.

science.org (Global: 1,160^th place; English: 737^th place)

Scoles, Sarah (2023-04-20). "Trust but verify: U.S. labs are overhauling the nuclear stockpile. Can they validate the weapons without bomb tests?". Science.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 896^th place; English: 674^th place)

Long, Kat. "Blasts from the Past: Old Nuke Test Films Offer New Insights [Video]". Scientific American. Retrieved 2017-04-24.

state.gov (Global: 264^th place; English: 249^th place)

2009-2017.state.gov

"The Treaty has not been signed by France or by the People's Republic of China." US Department of State, Limited Test Ban Treaty.
U.S. Department of State, Limited Test Ban Treaty.

thebulletin.org (Global: 4,686^th place; English: 3,826^th place)

Togzhan Kassenova (28 September 2009). "The lasting toll of Semipalatinsk's nuclear testing". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Seale, Jack (2024-11-20). "Britain's Nuclear Bomb Scandal: Our Story review – how the UK's atomic testing programme devastated lives". the Guardian. Retrieved 2025-01-07.

ucsusa.org (Global: low place; English: 8,611^th place)

blog.ucsusa.org

Adams, Lilly (May 26, 2020). "Resuming Nuclear Testing a Slap in the Face to Survivors". The Equation. Retrieved July 16, 2024.

un.org (Global: 97^th place; English: 164^th place)

Nations, United (1945-07-16). "End Nuclear Tests Day". United Nations. Retrieved 2025-01-08.

usdoj.gov (Global: 2,755^th place; English: 1,753^rd place)

"Radiation Exposure Compensation System: Claims to Date Summary of Claims Received by 06/11/2009" (PDF). Usdoj.gov.

uu.nl (Global: 2,467^th place; English: 2,049^th place)

www1.phys.uu.nl

"Radiocarbon dating". University of Utrecht. Retrieved 2008-02-19.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

Hoffman, David E. (2011-11-01). "Supercomputers offer tools for nuclear testing — and solving nuclear mysteries". Washington Post.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

For a longer and more technical discussion, see US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (October 1989). The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions (PDF). Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-02-27. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
Nevada Test Site: U1a Complex subcritical experiments (PDF) (Report). DOE Nevada. February 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2003.
"United States Nuclear Tests: July 1945 through September 1992" (PDF). Las Vegas, NV: Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office. 2000-12-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-10-12. Retrieved 2013-12-18. This is usually cited as the "official" US list.
Mikhailov, Editor in Chief, V.N.; Andryushin, L.A.; Voloshin, N.P.; Ilkaev, R.I.; Matushchenko, A.M.; Ryabev, L.D.; Strukov, V.G.; Chernyshev, A.K.; Yudin, Yu.A. "Catalog of Worldwide Nuclear Testing". Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2013-12-28. {{cite web}}: |last1= has generic name (help)An equivalent list available on the internet.
"UK/US Agreement". Archived from the original on 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2010-10-21.
"Pakistan Special Weapons - A Chronology". Archived from the original on 2012-04-27. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
"Atmospheric δ¹⁴C record from Wellington". Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. 1994. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
Levin, I.; et al. (1994). "δ¹⁴C record from Vermunt". Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. Archived from the original on 23 September 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2016.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Bouville, André; Simon, Steven L.; Miller, Charles W.; Beck, Harold L.; Anspaugh, Lynn R.; Bennett, Burton G. (2002). "Estimates of Doses from Global Fallout". Health Physics. 82 (5): 690–705. Bibcode:2002HeaPh..82..690B. doi:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00015. ISSN 0017-9078. PMID 12003019.
Prăvălie, Remus (2014-02-22). "Nuclear Weapons Tests and Environmental Consequences: A Global Perspective". Ambio. 43 (6). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 729–744. Bibcode:2014Ambio..43..729P. doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0491-1. ISSN 0044-7447. PMC 4165831. PMID 24563393.
Hennaoui, Leila; Nurzhan, Marzhan (2023-10-02). "Dealing with a Nuclear Past: Revisiting the Cases of Algeria and Kazakhstan through a Decolonial Lens". The International Spectator. 58 (4): 91–109. doi:10.1080/03932729.2023.2234817. ISSN 0393-2729.
Maguire, Richard (2007). "From the Guest Editor: The nuclear weapon and genocide: The beginning of a discussion". Journal of Genocide Research. 9 (3): 353–360. doi:10.1080/14623520701528866. ISSN 1462-3528.

youtube.com (Global: 9^th place; English: 13^th place)

A video of the Armando test on YouTube
A video of the Pollux test on YouTube
A video of the Leda test on YouTube

Nuclear weapons testing (English Wikipedia)

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