Olive (English Wikipedia)

Essid, Mohamed Yassine (2012). "History of Mediterranean Food". MediTerra: The Mediterranean Diet for Sustainable Regional Development. Presses de Sciences Po. p. 29. ISBN 978-2-7246-1248-6.
Essid, Mohamed Yassine (2012). "Chapter 2. History of Mediterranean Food". MediTerra: The Mediterranean Diet for Sustainable Regional Development. Presses de Sciences Po. pp. 51–69. ISBN 978-2-7246-1248-6.

csic.es (Global: 2,036^th place; English: 2,704^th place)

digital.csic.es

Romero-Segura, C.; García-Rodríguez, R.; Sanz, C.; Pérez, A. G. "Virgin Olive Phenolic Profile as a Result of the Anabolic and Catabolic Enzymes Status in the Olive Fruit" (PDF). DIGITAL.CSIC. Retrieved 18 May 2023.

deaditerranean.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

minoan.deaditerranean.com

"The Linear B word e-ra-wa". Retrieved 12 June 2010. "The Linear B word e-ra-wo". Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of ancient languages. Retrieved 15 March 2014."e-ra3-wo". Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2014. Raymoure, K. A. "e-ra-wo". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2014.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Liphschitz, N.; Gophna, R.; Hartman, M.; Biger, G. (1991). "The beginning of olive (Olea europaea) cultivation in the old world: a reassessment". Journal of Archaeological Science. 18 (4): 441–453. Bibcode:1991JArSc..18..441L. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(91)90037-p.
Marquer, L.; Otto, T.; Arous, E. Ben; Stoetzel, E.; Campmas, E.; et al. (22 March 2022). "The first use of olives in Africa around 100,000 years ago". Nature Plants. 8 (3): 204–208. Bibcode:2022NatPl...8..204M. doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01109-x. PMID 35318448. S2CID 247615211. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
Besnard, G.; Terral, J. F.; Cornille, A. (2017). "On the origins and domestication of the olive: A review and perspectives". Annals of Botany. 121 (3): 385–403. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx145. PMC 5838823. PMID 29293871. (Erratum: doi:10.1093/aob/mcy002, PMC 5838823, PMID 29293871)
Torres, Mariela; Pierantozzi, Pierluigi; Searles, Peter; Rousseaux, M. Cecilia; García-Inza, Georgina; et al. (27 October 2017). "Olive Cultivation in the Southern Hemisphere: Flowering, Water Requirements and Oil Quality Responses to New Crop Environments". Frontiers in Plant Science. 8 1830. Bibcode:2017FrPS....8.1830T. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01830. PMC 5663689. PMID 29163569.
Mariotti, Roberto; Pandolfi, Saverio; De Cauwer, Isabelle; Saumitou-Laprade, Pierre; Vernet, Philippe; et al. (2021). "Diallelic self-incompatibility is the main determinant of fertilization patterns in olive orchards". Evolutionary Applications. 14 (4): 983–995. Bibcode:2021EvApp..14..983M. doi:10.1111/eva.13175. PMC 8061272. PMID 33897815.
Valverde, Pedro; Barranco, Diego; López-Escudero, Francisco Javier; Díez, Concepcion Munoz; Trapero, Carlos (22 February 2023). "Efficiency of breeding olives for resistance to Verticillium wilt". Frontiers in Plant Science. 14 1149570. Bibcode:2023FrPS...1449570V. doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1149570. PMC 9994353. PMID 36909426.
Obanor, Friday O.; Walter, Monika; Jones, E. Eirian; Jaspers, Marlene V. (2008). "Effect of temperature, relative humidity, leaf wetness and leaf age on Spilocaea oleagina conidium germination on olive leaves". European Journal of Plant Pathology. 120 (3): 211–222. Bibcode:2008EJPP..120..211O. doi:10.1007/s10658-007-9209-6. S2CID 6801014.
Janse, J. D. (1982). "Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi (ex Smith) subsp. nov., nom. rev., the bacterium causing excrescences on Oleaceae and Nerium oleander L." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 32 (2): 166–169. doi:10.1099/00207713-32-2-166.
Martelli, G. P.; Boscia, D.; Porcelli, F.; Saponari, M. (2015). "The olive quick decline syndrome in south-east Italy: A threatening phytosanitary emergency". European Journal of Plant Pathology. 144 (2): 235–243. doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0784-7. S2CID 16126474.
Lumaret, Roselyne; Ouazzani, Noureddine (2001). "Ancient wild olives in Mediterranean forests". Nature. 413 (6857): 700. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..700L. doi:10.1038/35099680. PMID 11607022. S2CID 4387691.
Spennemann, D. H. R.; Allen, L. R. (2000). "Feral olives (Olea europaea) as future woody weeds in Australia: a review". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 40 (6): 889–901. Bibcode:2000AuJEA..40..889S. doi:10.1071/EA98141.
Rackham, Oliver; Moody, Jennifer Alice (1996). The making of the Cretan landscape. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3647-7. cited in Riley, F. R. (2002). "Olive Oil Production on Bronze Age Crete: Nutritional properties, Processing methods, and Storage life of Minoan olive oil". Oxford Journal of Archaeology. 21: 63. doi:10.1111/1468-0092.00149.
Cherubini, Paolo; Humbel, Turi; Beeckman, Hans; Gärtner, Holger; Mannes, David; et al. (28 January 2013). "Olive Tree-Ring Problematic Dating: A Comparative Analysis on Santorini (Greece)". PLOS ONE. 8 (1) e54730. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854730C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054730. PMC 3557290. PMID 23382949.
Camarero, J. Julio; Colangelo, Michele; Gracia-Balaga, Adrián; Ortega-Martínez, Miguel A.; Büntgen, Ulf (1 February 2021). "Demystifying the age of old olive trees". Dendrochronologia. 65 125802. Bibcode:2021Dendr..6525802C. doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125802. hdl:11563/188276.
Camarero, J. Julio; Touchan, Ramzi; Valeriano, Cristina; Bashour, Isam; Stephan, Jean (1 April 2024). "Dating the Noah trees to improve age estimates in centennial and millennial olive trees". Dendrochronologia. 84 126181. Bibcode:2024Dendr..8426181C. doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126181. hdl:10261/354303.
Fernández-Lobato, L.; Ruiz-Carrasco, B.; Tostado-Véliz, M.; Jurado, F.; Vera, D. (25 February 2024). "Environmental impact of the most representative Spanish olive oil farming systems: A life cycle assessment study". Journal of Cleaner Production. 442 141169. Bibcode:2024JCPro.44241169F. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141169. hdl:10630/34242.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Cicerale, Sara; Conlan, Xavier A.; Sinclair, Andrew J.; Keast, Russell S. J. (17 December 2008). "Chemistry and Health of Olive Oil Phenolics". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 49 (3). Taylor & Francis: 218–236. Bibcode:2008CRFSN..49..218C. doi:10.1080/10408390701856223. PMID 19093267. S2CID 38244644.
Romero, Concepción; Brenes, Manuel; Yousfi, Khaled; García, Pedro; García, Aranzazu; Garrido, Antonio (2004). "Effect of cultivar and processing method on the contents of polyphenols in table olives". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52 (3): 479–484. Bibcode:2004JAFC...52..479R. doi:10.1021/jf030525l. PMID 14759136. S2CID 36821085.
Omar, S. H. (2010). "Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects". Scientia Pharmaceutica. 78 (2): 133–154. doi:10.3797/scipharm.0912-18. PMC 3002804. PMID 21179340.
Dodd, Emlyn (2026). "The Archaeology of Olive Oil Production in Roman and Pre-Roman Italy". American Journal of Archaeology. 130 (1): 115–151. doi:10.1086/737823.
Jimenez-Lopez, Cecilia; Carpena, Maria; Lourenço-Lopes, Catarina; Gallardo-Gomez, Maria; Lorenzo, Jose M.; et al. (28 July 2020). "Bioactive Compounds and Quality of Extra Virgin Olive Oil". Foods. 9 (8): 1014. doi:10.3390/foods9081014. PMC 7466243. PMID 32731481.
Cuffaro, Doretta; Bertolini, Andrea; Bertini, Simone; Ricci, Claudio; Cascone, Maria Grazia; Danti, Serena; Saba, Alessandro; Macchia, Marco; Digiacomo, Maria (26 August 2023). "Olive Mill Wastewater as Source of Polyphenols with Nutraceutical Properties". Nutrients. 15 (17): 3746. doi:10.3390/nu15173746. PMC 10489820. PMID 37686778. OMWW is characterized by marked acidity and a high content of phenolic components, and due to these peculiarities, it can potentially be toxic to the air, microorganisms, and plants
Alardhi, Saja M.; Salih, Hussein G.; Ali, Nisreen S.; Khalbas, Ali H.; Salih, Issam K.; et al. (29 November 2023). "Olive stone as an eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for elimination of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 21063. Bibcode:2023NatSR..1321063A. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47319-x. PMC 10687264. PMID 38030694.
Rodríguez, Guillermo; Lama, Antonio; Rodríguez, Rocío; Jiménez, Ana; Guillén, Rafael; Fernández-Bolaños, Juan (1 September 2008). "Olive stone an attractive source of bioactive and valuable compounds". Bioresource Technology. 99 (13): 5261–5269. Bibcode:2008BiTec..99.5261R. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.027. hdl:10261/347771. PMID 18160280.
Perevolotsky, A.; Seligman, N.G. (1998). "Role of grazing in Mediterranean rangeland ecosystems". Bio Sci. 48 (12): 1007–1017. doi:10.2307/1313457. JSTOR 1313457.
Brilli, L.; Lugato, E.; Moriondo, M.; Gioli, B.; Toscano, P.; Zaldei, A.; et al. (2019). "Carbon sequestration capacity and productivity responses of Mediterranean olive groves under future climates and management options". Mitig Adapt Strateg Global Change. 24 (3): 467–91. Bibcode:2019MASGC..24..467B. doi:10.1007/s11027-018-9824-x.
Mairech, H.; López-Bernal, A.; Moriondo, M.; Dibari, C.; Regni, L.; et al. (2021). "Sustainability of olive growing in the Mediterranean area under future climate scenarios: exploring the effects of intensification and deficit irrigation". European Journal of Agronomy. 129 126319. Bibcode:2021EuJAg.12926319M. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2021.126319. hdl:10396/22389.
Lopez-Bellido, P. J.; Lopez-Bellido, L.; Fernandez-Garcia, P.; Muñoz-Romero, V; Lopez-Bellido, F. J. (2016). "Assessment of carbon sequestration and the carbon footprint in olive groves in southern Spain". Carbon Manag. 7 (3–4): 161–170. Bibcode:2016CarM....7..161L. doi:10.1080/17583004.2016.1213126. hdl:10396/26250.

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

"oil (n.)". etymonline.com. Retrieved 25 August 2026.

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; English: 480^th place)

faostat.fao.org

"FAOSTAT". Faostat.fao.org. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
"FAOSTAT". Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2010.

apps3.fao.org

"FAO, 2004". Apps3.fao.org. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2009.

fao.org

"FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2 June 2024.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

figshare.com (Global: 3,822^nd place; English: 2,289^th place)

Cicerale, Sara; Conlan, Xavier A.; Sinclair, Andrew J.; Keast, Russell S. J. (17 December 2008). "Chemistry and Health of Olive Oil Phenolics". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 49 (3). Taylor & Francis: 218–236. Bibcode:2008CRFSN..49..218C. doi:10.1080/10408390701856223. PMID 19093267. S2CID 38244644.

forestpests.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Prays oleae: Olive moth". Forest Pests Europe. Retrieved 24 August 2026.

gardenista.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Genius Garden Ideas: 10 Landscapes with Olive Trees". www.gardenista.com. 29 July 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Camarero, J. Julio; Colangelo, Michele; Gracia-Balaga, Adrián; Ortega-Martínez, Miguel A.; Büntgen, Ulf (1 February 2021). "Demystifying the age of old olive trees". Dendrochronologia. 65 125802. Bibcode:2021Dendr..6525802C. doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125802. hdl:11563/188276.
Camarero, J. Julio; Touchan, Ramzi; Valeriano, Cristina; Bashour, Isam; Stephan, Jean (1 April 2024). "Dating the Noah trees to improve age estimates in centennial and millennial olive trees". Dendrochronologia. 84 126181. Bibcode:2024Dendr..8426181C. doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126181. hdl:10261/354303.
Fernández-Lobato, L.; Ruiz-Carrasco, B.; Tostado-Véliz, M.; Jurado, F.; Vera, D. (25 February 2024). "Environmental impact of the most representative Spanish olive oil farming systems: A life cycle assessment study". Journal of Cleaner Production. 442 141169. Bibcode:2024JCPro.44241169F. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141169. hdl:10630/34242.
Rodríguez, Guillermo; Lama, Antonio; Rodríguez, Rocío; Jiménez, Ana; Guillén, Rafael; Fernández-Bolaños, Juan (1 September 2008). "Olive stone an attractive source of bioactive and valuable compounds". Bioresource Technology. 99 (13): 5261–5269. Bibcode:2008BiTec..99.5261R. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.027. hdl:10261/347771. PMID 18160280.
Mairech, H.; López-Bernal, A.; Moriondo, M.; Dibari, C.; Regni, L.; et al. (2021). "Sustainability of olive growing in the Mediterranean area under future climate scenarios: exploring the effects of intensification and deficit irrigation". European Journal of Agronomy. 129 126319. Bibcode:2021EuJAg.12926319M. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2021.126319. hdl:10396/22389.
Lopez-Bellido, P. J.; Lopez-Bellido, L.; Fernandez-Garcia, P.; Muñoz-Romero, V; Lopez-Bellido, F. J. (2016). "Assessment of carbon sequestration and the carbon footprint in olive groves in southern Spain". Carbon Manag. 7 (3–4): 161–170. Bibcode:2016CarM....7..161L. doi:10.1080/17583004.2016.1213126. hdl:10396/26250.

iau.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

journals.iau.ir

Seifi, Esmaeil; Guerin, Jenny; Kaiser, Brent; Sedgley, Margaret (January 2015). "Flowering and fruit set in olive: a review" (PDF). Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 5 (2): 1263–1272. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2025. Retrieved 17 September 2025.

icnf.pt (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Declaração" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
"Florestas" (in Portuguese). ICNF. Retrieved 3 November 2016.

internationaloliveoil.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Moreno, Francisco Javier Larraona (4 October 2023). "Experts will gather at the IOC to analyse the olive grove's fundamental role in addressinc climage change acting as a permanent CO₂ sink". International Olive Council. Retrieved 15 October 2025.
"The Olive Tree". International Olive Council. Retrieved 15 April 2025.

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

Magos Brehm, J.; Draper Munt, D.; Kell, S.P. (2016) [errata version of 2011 assessment]. "Olea europaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011 e.T63005A102150835. Retrieved 26 June 2021.

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

Hachisu, Nancy Singleton (30 October 2015). "The island making Japan's best olive oil". The Japan Times. Retrieved 28 March 2025.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Perevolotsky, A.; Seligman, N.G. (1998). "Role of grazing in Mediterranean rangeland ecosystems". Bio Sci. 48 (12): 1007–1017. doi:10.2307/1313457. JSTOR 1313457.

kew.org (Global: 100^th place; English: 140^th place)

apps.kew.org

"Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Olea europaea". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 December 2014.

madeinsouthitalytoday.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Italy olive oil production". www.madeinsouthitalytoday.com.

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

Marquer, L.; Otto, T.; Arous, E. Ben; Stoetzel, E.; Campmas, E.; et al. (22 March 2022). "The first use of olives in Africa around 100,000 years ago". Nature Plants. 8 (3): 204–208. Bibcode:2022NatPl...8..204M. doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01109-x. PMID 35318448. S2CID 247615211. Retrieved 30 March 2022.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Marquer, L.; Otto, T.; Arous, E. Ben; Stoetzel, E.; Campmas, E.; et al. (22 March 2022). "The first use of olives in Africa around 100,000 years ago". Nature Plants. 8 (3): 204–208. Bibcode:2022NatPl...8..204M. doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01109-x. PMID 35318448. S2CID 247615211. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
Besnard, G.; Terral, J. F.; Cornille, A. (2017). "On the origins and domestication of the olive: A review and perspectives". Annals of Botany. 121 (3): 385–403. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx145. PMC 5838823. PMID 29293871. (Erratum: doi:10.1093/aob/mcy002, PMC 5838823, PMID 29293871)
Torres, Mariela; Pierantozzi, Pierluigi; Searles, Peter; Rousseaux, M. Cecilia; García-Inza, Georgina; et al. (27 October 2017). "Olive Cultivation in the Southern Hemisphere: Flowering, Water Requirements and Oil Quality Responses to New Crop Environments". Frontiers in Plant Science. 8 1830. Bibcode:2017FrPS....8.1830T. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01830. PMC 5663689. PMID 29163569.
Mariotti, Roberto; Pandolfi, Saverio; De Cauwer, Isabelle; Saumitou-Laprade, Pierre; Vernet, Philippe; et al. (2021). "Diallelic self-incompatibility is the main determinant of fertilization patterns in olive orchards". Evolutionary Applications. 14 (4): 983–995. Bibcode:2021EvApp..14..983M. doi:10.1111/eva.13175. PMC 8061272. PMID 33897815.
Valverde, Pedro; Barranco, Diego; López-Escudero, Francisco Javier; Díez, Concepcion Munoz; Trapero, Carlos (22 February 2023). "Efficiency of breeding olives for resistance to Verticillium wilt". Frontiers in Plant Science. 14 1149570. Bibcode:2023FrPS...1449570V. doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1149570. PMC 9994353. PMID 36909426.
Lumaret, Roselyne; Ouazzani, Noureddine (2001). "Ancient wild olives in Mediterranean forests". Nature. 413 (6857): 700. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..700L. doi:10.1038/35099680. PMID 11607022. S2CID 4387691.
Cherubini, Paolo; Humbel, Turi; Beeckman, Hans; Gärtner, Holger; Mannes, David; et al. (28 January 2013). "Olive Tree-Ring Problematic Dating: A Comparative Analysis on Santorini (Greece)". PLOS ONE. 8 (1) e54730. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854730C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054730. PMC 3557290. PMID 23382949.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Cicerale, Sara; Conlan, Xavier A.; Sinclair, Andrew J.; Keast, Russell S. J. (17 December 2008). "Chemistry and Health of Olive Oil Phenolics". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 49 (3). Taylor & Francis: 218–236. Bibcode:2008CRFSN..49..218C. doi:10.1080/10408390701856223. PMID 19093267. S2CID 38244644.
Romero, Concepción; Brenes, Manuel; Yousfi, Khaled; García, Pedro; García, Aranzazu; Garrido, Antonio (2004). "Effect of cultivar and processing method on the contents of polyphenols in table olives". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52 (3): 479–484. Bibcode:2004JAFC...52..479R. doi:10.1021/jf030525l. PMID 14759136. S2CID 36821085.
Omar, S. H. (2010). "Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects". Scientia Pharmaceutica. 78 (2): 133–154. doi:10.3797/scipharm.0912-18. PMC 3002804. PMID 21179340.
Jimenez-Lopez, Cecilia; Carpena, Maria; Lourenço-Lopes, Catarina; Gallardo-Gomez, Maria; Lorenzo, Jose M.; et al. (28 July 2020). "Bioactive Compounds and Quality of Extra Virgin Olive Oil". Foods. 9 (8): 1014. doi:10.3390/foods9081014. PMC 7466243. PMID 32731481.
Cuffaro, Doretta; Bertolini, Andrea; Bertini, Simone; Ricci, Claudio; Cascone, Maria Grazia; Danti, Serena; Saba, Alessandro; Macchia, Marco; Digiacomo, Maria (26 August 2023). "Olive Mill Wastewater as Source of Polyphenols with Nutraceutical Properties". Nutrients. 15 (17): 3746. doi:10.3390/nu15173746. PMC 10489820. PMID 37686778. OMWW is characterized by marked acidity and a high content of phenolic components, and due to these peculiarities, it can potentially be toxic to the air, microorganisms, and plants
Alardhi, Saja M.; Salih, Hussein G.; Ali, Nisreen S.; Khalbas, Ali H.; Salih, Issam K.; et al. (29 November 2023). "Olive stone as an eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for elimination of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 21063. Bibcode:2023NatSR..1321063A. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47319-x. PMC 10687264. PMID 38030694.
Rodríguez, Guillermo; Lama, Antonio; Rodríguez, Rocío; Jiménez, Ana; Guillén, Rafael; Fernández-Bolaños, Juan (1 September 2008). "Olive stone an attractive source of bioactive and valuable compounds". Bioresource Technology. 99 (13): 5261–5269. Bibcode:2008BiTec..99.5261R. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.027. hdl:10261/347771. PMID 18160280.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Besnard, G.; Terral, J. F.; Cornille, A. (2017). "On the origins and domestication of the olive: A review and perspectives". Annals of Botany. 121 (3): 385–403. doi:10.1093/aob/mcx145. PMC 5838823. PMID 29293871. (Erratum: doi:10.1093/aob/mcy002, PMC 5838823, PMID 29293871)
Torres, Mariela; Pierantozzi, Pierluigi; Searles, Peter; Rousseaux, M. Cecilia; García-Inza, Georgina; et al. (27 October 2017). "Olive Cultivation in the Southern Hemisphere: Flowering, Water Requirements and Oil Quality Responses to New Crop Environments". Frontiers in Plant Science. 8 1830. Bibcode:2017FrPS....8.1830T. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01830. PMC 5663689. PMID 29163569.
Mariotti, Roberto; Pandolfi, Saverio; De Cauwer, Isabelle; Saumitou-Laprade, Pierre; Vernet, Philippe; et al. (2021). "Diallelic self-incompatibility is the main determinant of fertilization patterns in olive orchards". Evolutionary Applications. 14 (4): 983–995. Bibcode:2021EvApp..14..983M. doi:10.1111/eva.13175. PMC 8061272. PMID 33897815.
Valverde, Pedro; Barranco, Diego; López-Escudero, Francisco Javier; Díez, Concepcion Munoz; Trapero, Carlos (22 February 2023). "Efficiency of breeding olives for resistance to Verticillium wilt". Frontiers in Plant Science. 14 1149570. Bibcode:2023FrPS...1449570V. doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1149570. PMC 9994353. PMID 36909426.
Cherubini, Paolo; Humbel, Turi; Beeckman, Hans; Gärtner, Holger; Mannes, David; et al. (28 January 2013). "Olive Tree-Ring Problematic Dating: A Comparative Analysis on Santorini (Greece)". PLOS ONE. 8 (1) e54730. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854730C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054730. PMC 3557290. PMID 23382949.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Omar, S. H. (2010). "Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects". Scientia Pharmaceutica. 78 (2): 133–154. doi:10.3797/scipharm.0912-18. PMC 3002804. PMID 21179340.
Jimenez-Lopez, Cecilia; Carpena, Maria; Lourenço-Lopes, Catarina; Gallardo-Gomez, Maria; Lorenzo, Jose M.; et al. (28 July 2020). "Bioactive Compounds and Quality of Extra Virgin Olive Oil". Foods. 9 (8): 1014. doi:10.3390/foods9081014. PMC 7466243. PMID 32731481.
Cuffaro, Doretta; Bertolini, Andrea; Bertini, Simone; Ricci, Claudio; Cascone, Maria Grazia; Danti, Serena; Saba, Alessandro; Macchia, Marco; Digiacomo, Maria (26 August 2023). "Olive Mill Wastewater as Source of Polyphenols with Nutraceutical Properties". Nutrients. 15 (17): 3746. doi:10.3390/nu15173746. PMC 10489820. PMID 37686778. OMWW is characterized by marked acidity and a high content of phenolic components, and due to these peculiarities, it can potentially be toxic to the air, microorganisms, and plants
Alardhi, Saja M.; Salih, Hussein G.; Ali, Nisreen S.; Khalbas, Ali H.; Salih, Issam K.; et al. (29 November 2023). "Olive stone as an eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for elimination of methylene blue dye from industrial wastewater". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 21063. Bibcode:2023NatSR..1321063A. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47319-x. PMC 10687264. PMID 38030694.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Kornei, Katherine (9 March 2024). "These May Be the Oldest Olive Trees in the World". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
Moskin, Julia (17 October 2007). "Olives, Flavored by Time, Seasoned With Memories". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 January 2020.

olivemuseum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Methods for harvesting olive fruit". Olive Museum. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2014.

oliveoiltimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"One-Third of Global Olive Oil Production Comes from Intensive Farming". Olive Oil Times. 10 October 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2025.
Argentino, Christopher (12 June 2023). "Tracking the Rise of Olive Oil in Japan". Olive Oil Times. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
"Global Olive Oil Production Hits Record 3.5 Million Tons". Olive Oil Times. 26 November 2025. Retrieved 3 December 2025.
"On the Preservation and Maintenance of Monumental Olive Trees". Olive Oil Times. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
"Global Olive Oil Production Hits Record 3.5 Million Tons". Olive Oil Times. 26 November 2025. Retrieved 3 December 2025.

oliveoilworldcongress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Olive oil global production could decrease 20% due to global warming". www.oliveoilworldcongress.com. Retrieved 10 April 2025.

organicfarming-italy.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Olive Harvest 2025/2026 Europe – Production, Quality & Outlook". 27 February 2026. Archived from the original on 13 April 2026. Retrieved 9 April 2026.

palaeolexicon.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Linear B word e-ra-wa". Retrieved 12 June 2010. "The Linear B word e-ra-wo". Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of ancient languages. Retrieved 15 March 2014."e-ra3-wo". Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2014. Raymoure, K. A. "e-ra-wo". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2014.

patrimoineculinaire.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Olio d'oliva ticinese". Culinary Heritage of Switzerland. Retrieved 9 March 2022.

phenol-explorer.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Olives and olive oil". Phenol-Explorer. Retrieved 5 December 2014.

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

Palli, Jordan. "The olive landscape: A nearly 4,000-year-old legacy of human-nature interaction in the Central Mediterranean". phys.org. Retrieved 16 April 2025.

pir.sa.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Olives as Weeds" (PDF). Animal and Plant Control Commission of South Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2013.

plantgrower.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Olive". Plant Grower. Retrieved 9 April 2026.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Oteros, Jose (2014). Modelización del ciclo fenológico reproductor del olivo Archived 2016-08-27 at the Wayback Machine. PhD Thesis. University of Córdoba (Spain)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

"Leading olive oil producer Spain turns to olive stones for fuel]". Reuters. 12 September 2024.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Camarero, J. Julio; Colangelo, Michele; Gracia-Balaga, Adrián; Ortega-Martínez, Miguel A.; Büntgen, Ulf (1 February 2021). "Demystifying the age of old olive trees". Dendrochronologia. 65 125802. Bibcode:2021Dendr..6525802C. doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125802. hdl:11563/188276.
Camarero, J. Julio; Touchan, Ramzi; Valeriano, Cristina; Bashour, Isam; Stephan, Jean (1 April 2024). "Dating the Noah trees to improve age estimates in centennial and millennial olive trees". Dendrochronologia. 84 126181. Bibcode:2024Dendr..8426181C. doi:10.1016/j.dendro.2024.126181. hdl:10261/354303.
Rodríguez, Guillermo; Lama, Antonio; Rodríguez, Rocío; Jiménez, Ana; Guillén, Rafael; Fernández-Bolaños, Juan (1 September 2008). "Olive stone an attractive source of bioactive and valuable compounds". Bioresource Technology. 99 (13): 5261–5269. Bibcode:2008BiTec..99.5261R. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.027. hdl:10261/347771. PMID 18160280.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

Ghose, Tia (6 February 2013). "The Origins of the Olive Tree Revealed". Scientific American. Retrieved 7 April 2025.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Marquer, L.; Otto, T.; Arous, E. Ben; Stoetzel, E.; Campmas, E.; et al. (22 March 2022). "The first use of olives in Africa around 100,000 years ago". Nature Plants. 8 (3): 204–208. Bibcode:2022NatPl...8..204M. doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01109-x. PMID 35318448. S2CID 247615211. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
Obanor, Friday O.; Walter, Monika; Jones, E. Eirian; Jaspers, Marlene V. (2008). "Effect of temperature, relative humidity, leaf wetness and leaf age on Spilocaea oleagina conidium germination on olive leaves". European Journal of Plant Pathology. 120 (3): 211–222. Bibcode:2008EJPP..120..211O. doi:10.1007/s10658-007-9209-6. S2CID 6801014.
Martelli, G. P.; Boscia, D.; Porcelli, F.; Saponari, M. (2015). "The olive quick decline syndrome in south-east Italy: A threatening phytosanitary emergency". European Journal of Plant Pathology. 144 (2): 235–243. doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0784-7. S2CID 16126474.
Lumaret, Roselyne; Ouazzani, Noureddine (2001). "Ancient wild olives in Mediterranean forests". Nature. 413 (6857): 700. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..700L. doi:10.1038/35099680. PMID 11607022. S2CID 4387691.
Cicerale, Sara; Conlan, Xavier A.; Sinclair, Andrew J.; Keast, Russell S. J. (17 December 2008). "Chemistry and Health of Olive Oil Phenolics". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 49 (3). Taylor & Francis: 218–236. Bibcode:2008CRFSN..49..218C. doi:10.1080/10408390701856223. PMID 19093267. S2CID 38244644.
Romero, Concepción; Brenes, Manuel; Yousfi, Khaled; García, Pedro; García, Aranzazu; Garrido, Antonio (2004). "Effect of cultivar and processing method on the contents of polyphenols in table olives". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52 (3): 479–484. Bibcode:2004JAFC...52..479R. doi:10.1021/jf030525l. PMID 14759136. S2CID 36821085.

shodoshima.lg.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

town.shodoshima.lg.jp

"Shodoshima Town". shodoshima.lg.jp. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2012.

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

oliva. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
ἐλαία. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
oleum. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
ἐλαία, ἔλαιον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project

ucanr.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,567^th place)

ipm.ucanr.edu

"Olive Fruit Fly". University of California. February 2009.

anrcatalog.ucanr.edu

Yada, Sylvia; Harris, Linda. "Olives: Safe Methods for Home Pickling" (PDF). University of California, Division of Agricultural and Natural Resources. Retrieved 6 December 2014.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

Lydecker, Toni (18 August 1985). "The Italian Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Disaster". The Washington Post. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The Linear B word e-ra-wa". Retrieved 12 June 2010. "The Linear B word e-ra-wo". Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of ancient languages. Retrieved 15 March 2014."e-ra3-wo". Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2014. Raymoure, K. A. "e-ra-wo". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
Seifi, Esmaeil; Guerin, Jenny; Kaiser, Brent; Sedgley, Margaret (January 2015). "Flowering and fruit set in olive: a review" (PDF). Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology. 5 (2): 1263–1272. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2025. Retrieved 17 September 2025.
"Shodoshima Town". shodoshima.lg.jp. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
Oteros, Jose (2014). Modelización del ciclo fenológico reproductor del olivo Archived 2016-08-27 at the Wayback Machine. PhD Thesis. University of Córdoba (Spain)
"Olives as Weeds" (PDF). Animal and Plant Control Commission of South Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2013.
"Olive Harvest 2025/2026 Europe – Production, Quality & Outlook". 27 February 2026. Archived from the original on 13 April 2026. Retrieved 9 April 2026.
"Methods for harvesting olive fruit". Olive Museum. Archived from the original on 28 December 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
"Declaração" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
"FAO, 2004". Apps3.fao.org. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
"FAOSTAT". Faostat.fao.org. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
"FAOSTAT". Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

woodassistant.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Olive Wood - Characteristics, Uses and Benefits". Wood Assistant. Retrieved 18 August 2026.

yahoo.com (Global: 431^st place; English: 257^th place)

"Trader Joe's Brought Back The $11 Mini Olive Tree Plant". Yahoo Life. 11 April 2025. Retrieved 17 April 2025.

Olive (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

atlasobscura.com (Global: 2,066th place; English: 1,258th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 621st place; English: 429th place)

ourenvironment.berkeley.edu

bonap.net (Global: 7,038th place; English: 3,651st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cairn.info (Global: 574th place; English: 2,035th place)

csic.es (Global: 2,036th place; English: 2,704th place)

digital.csic.es

deaditerranean.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

minoan.deaditerranean.com

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669th place; English: 670th place)

fao.org (Global: 428th place; English: 480th place)

faostat.fao.org

apps3.fao.org

fao.org

fda.gov (Global: 470th place; English: 329th place)

figshare.com (Global: 3,822nd place; English: 2,289th place)

forestpests.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

gardenista.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

iau.ir (Global: low place; English: low place)

journals.iau.ir

icnf.pt (Global: low place; English: low place)

internationaloliveoil.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39th place; English: 71st place)

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407th place; English: 286th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

kew.org (Global: 100th place; English: 140th place)

apps.kew.org

madeinsouthitalytoday.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nature.com (Global: 207th place; English: 347th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

olivemuseum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

oliveoiltimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

oliveoilworldcongress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

organicfarming-italy.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

palaeolexicon.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

patrimoineculinaire.ch (Global: low place; English: low place)

phenol-explorer.eu (Global: low place; English: low place)

phys.org (Global: 1,595th place; English: 1,363rd place)

pir.sa.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

plantgrower.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38th place; English: 30th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; English: 146th place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110th place; English: 817th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

shodoshima.lg.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

town.shodoshima.lg.jp

tufts.edu (Global: 192nd place; English: 165th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

ucanr.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,567th place)

ipm.ucanr.edu

anrcatalog.ucanr.edu

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35th place; English: 24th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

woodassistant.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

yahoo.com (Global: 431st place; English: 257th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

atlasobscura.com (Global: 2,066^th place; English: 1,258^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

bonap.net (Global: 7,038^th place; English: 3,651^st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cairn.info (Global: 574^th place; English: 2,035^th place)

csic.es (Global: 2,036^th place; English: 2,704^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

fao.org (Global: 428^th place; English: 480^th place)

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

figshare.com (Global: 3,822^nd place; English: 2,289^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

kew.org (Global: 100^th place; English: 140^th place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

ucanr.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,567^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

yahoo.com (Global: 431^st place; English: 257^th place)