Onsen (English Wikipedia)

Serbulea, Mihaela; Payyappallimana, Unnikrishnan (2012). "Onsen (hot springs) in Japan—Transforming terrain into healing landscapes". Health & Place. 18 (6): 1366–73. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.06.020. PMID 22878276.
H. Miyamoto; S. Jitsurong; R. Shiota; K. Maruta; S. Yoshida; E. Yabuuchi (1997). "Molecular determination of infection source of a sporadic Legionella pneumonia case associated with a hot spring bath". Microbiol. Immunol. 41 (3): 197–202. doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01190.x. PMID 9130230. S2CID 25016946.
Eiko Yabuuchi; Kunio Agata (2004). "An outbreak of legionellosis in a new facility of hot spring Bath in Hiuga City". Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 78 (2): 90–98. doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.78.90. ISSN 0387-5911. PMID 15103899.
Shinji Izumiyama; Kenji Yagita; Reiko Furushima-Shimogawara; Tokiko Asakura; Tatsuya Karasudani; Takuro Endō (July 2003). "Occurrence and Distribution of Naegleria Species in Thermal Waters in Japan". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 50 (s1): 514–5. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00614.x. PMID 14736147. S2CID 45052636.
Yasuo Sugita; Teruhiko Fujii; Itsurou Hayashi; Takachika Aoki; Toshirō Yokoyama; Minoru Morimatsu; Toshihide Fukuma; Yoshiaki Takamiya (May 1999). "Primary amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri: An autopsy case in Japan". Pathology International. 49 (5): 468–70. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00893.x. PMID 10417693. S2CID 21576553.

elitehavens.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ashcroft, Julian (3 December 2025). "Onsen Etiquette 101 - What to Do & What Not to Do". Elite Havens Magazine. Retrieved 2 August 2026.

env.go.jp (Global: 2,274^th place; English: 7,190^th place)

"Hot Spring Act" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
"The Criteria for the Notification, etc. on Contraindications and Cautions for Bathing and Drinking as specified in Article 18, Paragraph 1 of the Hot Springs Act" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment: Government of Japan. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

gaijinpot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

travel.gaijinpot.com

"30 Tattoo Friendly Onsen in Japan".

hyotan-onsen.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"温泉浴場のご案内|源泉100%かけ流しの「ひょうたん温泉」". www.hyotan-onsen.com. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
"飲泉|源泉100%かけ流しの「ひょうたん温泉」". www.hyotan-onsen.com. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

japan-guide.com (Global: 7,130^th place; English: 8,318^th place)

"Public Baths in Japan". www.japan-guide.com. Retrieved 17 October 2018.

japan.travel (Global: low place; English: low place)

"A Beginner's Guide to Onsen". Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO). Retrieved 1 March 2025.

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

japantimes.co.jp

Hadfield, James (10 December 2016). "Last splash: Immodest Japanese tradition of mixed bathing may be on the verge of extinction". The Japan Times. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
Thompson, Ashley (6 November 2012). "If you need to bring drugs to Japan, sort out the paperwork—or else". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 19 July 2015.
Thompson, Ashley (27 November 2012). "Ink doesn't always cause a stink at the onsen". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 19 July 2015.

search.japantimes.co.jp

"Onsen: know what you're getting into". The Japan Times.

jiji.com (Global: 805^th place; English: 5,560^th place)

medical.jiji.com

"体のこわばり緩和、むくみ改善～温泉による科学的な効果（国際医療福祉大学大学院前田眞治教授）～". 時事メディカル (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2024.

jupeer-zao.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"蔵王温泉大露天風呂". www.jupeer-zao.com. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

jw-webmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Top 5 Onsen Towns near Tokyo". 14 November 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2026.

kankoujp.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

onsen.kankoujp.com

にっぽんの温泉観光事典 (19 April 2014). "日本の温泉の歴史-宗教的意味、戦国時代と江戸時代". にっぽんの温泉観光事典 (in Japanese). Retrieved 30 July 2024.

livedoor.com (Global: 1,501^st place; English: 5,434^th place)

news.livedoor.com

入れ墨で温泉お断り？暴力団排除条例と外国人観光客増加の間でゆれる福岡・公衆入浴施設の対応 (in Japanese). Livedoor News. 30 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

mabeyski.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Essential Guide To Onsen Etiquette". Mabey Ski. 24 February 2021. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2026.

mhlw.go.jp (Global: 1,922^nd place; English: low place)

"・公衆浴場における衛生等管理要領等の改正について〔公衆浴場法〕(◆令和02年12月10日生食発第1210001号)". www.mhlw.go.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 August 2026.
入れ墨（タトゥー）がある外国人旅行者の入浴に関する対応について (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Tourism Agency. 18 March 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

naganonow.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Onsen Warnings and Hassles, July 2019, retrieved 30 September 2020

ndl.go.jp (Global: 83^rd place; English: 1,356^th place)

"第1章湯治場としての温泉". 「本の万華鏡」第23回「本から広がる温泉の世界」 (in Japanese). Retrieved 30 July 2024.

nifty.com (Global: 3,240^th place; English: 5,468^th place)

onsen.nifty.com

"温水プールが楽しい！西日本の温泉・お風呂テーマパーク15選｜ニフティ温泉". ニフティ温泉 (in Japanese). 9 March 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2026.
"寝湯とは？最高のくつろぎ空間が堪能できる温泉10選！|ニフティ温泉". ニフティ温泉 (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2024.
"岩盤浴での持ち物は？入り方や服装を解説おすすめの岩盤浴施設も紹介|ニフティ温泉". ニフティ温泉 (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2024.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Serbulea, Mihaela; Payyappallimana, Unnikrishnan (2012). "Onsen (hot springs) in Japan—Transforming terrain into healing landscapes". Health & Place. 18 (6): 1366–73. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.06.020. PMID 22878276.
H. Miyamoto; S. Jitsurong; R. Shiota; K. Maruta; S. Yoshida; E. Yabuuchi (1997). "Molecular determination of infection source of a sporadic Legionella pneumonia case associated with a hot spring bath". Microbiol. Immunol. 41 (3): 197–202. doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01190.x. PMID 9130230. S2CID 25016946.
Eiko Yabuuchi; Kunio Agata (2004). "An outbreak of legionellosis in a new facility of hot spring Bath in Hiuga City". Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 78 (2): 90–98. doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.78.90. ISSN 0387-5911. PMID 15103899.
Shinji Izumiyama; Kenji Yagita; Reiko Furushima-Shimogawara; Tokiko Asakura; Tatsuya Karasudani; Takuro Endō (July 2003). "Occurrence and Distribution of Naegleria Species in Thermal Waters in Japan". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 50 (s1): 514–5. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00614.x. PMID 14736147. S2CID 45052636.
Yasuo Sugita; Teruhiko Fujii; Itsurou Hayashi; Takachika Aoki; Toshirō Yokoyama; Minoru Morimatsu; Toshihide Fukuma; Yoshiaki Takamiya (May 1999). "Primary amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri: An autopsy case in Japan". Pathology International. 49 (5): 468–70. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00893.x. PMID 10417693. S2CID 21576553.

nihon-trim.co.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"温泉水は飲める？温泉の定義と、温泉水の上手な飲み方 | 水と健康の情報メディア|トリム・ミズラボ - 日本トリム". www.nihon-trim.co.jp. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

niph.go.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

mhlw-grants.niph.go.jp

"温泉利用が健康づくりにもたらす総合的効果についてのエビデンスに関する研究 | 厚生労働科学研究成果データベース". mhlw-grants.niph.go.jp. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

nippon.com (Global: 2,471^st place; English: 2,918^th place)

Tadanori, Matsuda (30 March 2015). "Soaking up the Benefits: Japan's Hot Springs Tradition". Nippon: Your doorway to Japan. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
"温泉は日本の文化である". nippon.com (in Japanese). 4 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2024.

nishinippon.co.jp (Global: 1,638^th place; English: low place)

"｢混浴ダメ｣何歳から？ 10歳→7歳、国が通知". 西日本新聞me (in Japanese). 8 March 2021. Retrieved 2 August 2026.

onsen-msrc.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"だから温泉はカラダにいい | 温泉医科学研究所". www.onsen-msrc.com. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
"Other types of bathing | Onsen Medical Science Reserch Center". www.onsen-msrc.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2025. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

onsenfudousan.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"古代から現代へ：日本の温泉文化の歴史". 温泉不動産 (in Japanese). Retrieved 30 July 2024.

rocketnews24.com (Global: 8,873^rd place; English: low place)

en.rocketnews24.com

Lund, Evie (17 April 2015). "Onsen in Nagano will now welcome foreigners with tattoos, as long as they patch 'em up". Archived from the original on 14 December 2015.

saga-s.co.jp (Global: 6,646^th place; English: low place)

"＜盗撮の闇(3)＞奪われた日常被害者、映像流出におびえ". 佐賀新聞 (in Japanese). 28 December 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

sankei.com (Global: 269^th place; English: 2,809^th place)

「タトゥーお断り WHY?」外国人観光客、温泉で当惑 2019ラグビーW杯はどうなの？ (in Japanese). Sankei Shimbun. 6 August 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2025.

scmp.com (Global: 302^nd place; English: 189^th place)

Ryall, Julian (6 November 2015). "Japanese owners of famous 'onsen' hot springs soften their stance on tattoo ban to appease foreign visitors". Archived from the original on 17 January 2016.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

H. Miyamoto; S. Jitsurong; R. Shiota; K. Maruta; S. Yoshida; E. Yabuuchi (1997). "Molecular determination of infection source of a sporadic Legionella pneumonia case associated with a hot spring bath". Microbiol. Immunol. 41 (3): 197–202. doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01190.x. PMID 9130230. S2CID 25016946.
Shinji Izumiyama; Kenji Yagita; Reiko Furushima-Shimogawara; Tokiko Asakura; Tatsuya Karasudani; Takuro Endō (July 2003). "Occurrence and Distribution of Naegleria Species in Thermal Waters in Japan". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 50 (s1): 514–5. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00614.x. PMID 14736147. S2CID 45052636.
Yasuo Sugita; Teruhiko Fujii; Itsurou Hayashi; Takachika Aoki; Toshirō Yokoyama; Minoru Morimatsu; Toshihide Fukuma; Yoshiaki Takamiya (May 1999). "Primary amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri: An autopsy case in Japan". Pathology International. 49 (5): 468–70. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00893.x. PMID 10417693. S2CID 21576553.

shueisha.online (Global: 9,822^nd place; English: low place)

"「怖い菌ではないと思っていた」と運営会社社長。過去には7名死亡した事例も" (in Japanese). Shueisha. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.

shuken.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"サウナの男女混浴は法律でどうなってる？公衆浴場法・条例を調べてみた". 株式会社秀建 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 August 2026.

sonylife.co.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

cs.sonylife.co.jp

"特集「ヘルシートーク」 | ソニー生命保険株式会社". cs.sonylife.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2024.

spa.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"温泉の歴史（現代）※第二次世界大戦後 | 日本温泉協会". 一般社団法人日本温泉協会～温泉名人～ (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2024.
"温泉の歴史（古代）※奈良時代～平安時代 | 日本温泉協会". 一般社団法人日本温泉協会～温泉名人～ (in Japanese). Retrieved 30 July 2024.
"飲泉について | 日本温泉協会". 一般社団法人日本温泉協会～温泉名人～ (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2024.

studyjapan.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Learn about Japanese hot spring culture". アクセス日本留学. Retrieved 30 July 2024.

takimotokan.co.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Onsen Basics: Face Towels". Retrieved 24 April 2026.

tsurunoyu.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tsurunoyu Onsen" Retrieved June 3 2024

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"日帰り家族風呂を満喫するなら！知っておくべき混浴に関する条例。". yuasobi.com. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2026.
"The Essential Guide To Onsen Etiquette". Mabey Ski. 24 February 2021. Archived from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2026.
Ryall, Julian (6 November 2015). "Japanese owners of famous 'onsen' hot springs soften their stance on tattoo ban to appease foreign visitors". Archived from the original on 17 January 2016.
Thompson, Ashley (6 November 2012). "If you need to bring drugs to Japan, sort out the paperwork—or else". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 19 July 2015.
Xeni Jardin (22 December 2009). "Tattoo in Japan". Boing Boing. Archived from the original on 24 December 2009.
入れ墨（タトゥー）がある外国人旅行者の入浴に関する対応について (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Tourism Agency. 18 March 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
入れ墨で温泉お断り？暴力団排除条例と外国人観光客増加の間でゆれる福岡・公衆入浴施設の対応 (in Japanese). Livedoor News. 30 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
Thompson, Ashley (27 November 2012). "Ink doesn't always cause a stink at the onsen". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 19 July 2015.
Lund, Evie (17 April 2015). "Onsen in Nagano will now welcome foreigners with tattoos, as long as they patch 'em up". Archived from the original on 14 December 2015.
"「怖い菌ではないと思っていた」と運営会社社長。過去には7名死亡した事例も" (in Japanese). Shueisha. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
「文春オンライン」特集班. ""盗撮のカリスマ"斎藤果林容疑者が逮捕犯行グループの一員が明かす"卑劣な手口"「若い女性が集まる連休にはグループで"温泉盗撮旅"へ」 | 文春オンライン". 文春オンライン (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 30 January 2025. Retrieved 2 August 2026.
"Other types of bathing | Onsen Medical Science Reserch Center". www.onsen-msrc.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2025. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Eiko Yabuuchi; Kunio Agata (2004). "An outbreak of legionellosis in a new facility of hot spring Bath in Hiuga City". Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 78 (2): 90–98. doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.78.90. ISSN 0387-5911. PMID 15103899.

yahoo.co.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

news.yahoo.co.jp

"サウナよりもととのう？本物の温泉好きがやみつきになる入浴法（高橋一喜） - エキスパート". Yahoo!ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2024.

yomiuri.co.jp (Global: 333^rd place; English: 1,402^nd place)

"「盗撮のカリスマ」率いるグループ１６人摘発…男「３０年前から１万人は盗撮」". 読売新聞 (in Japanese). 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2026.

yuasobi.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"日帰り家族風呂を満喫するなら！知っておくべき混浴に関する条例。". yuasobi.com. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2026.

yukaisoukai.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ととのうサウナの入り方". 野天湯元湯快爽快ちがさき (in Japanese). 4 March 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2024.

yunessun.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"水着で入れる温泉・スパ｜【公式】箱根温泉・箱根旅行なら箱根小涌園ユネッサン". www.yunessun.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 August 2026.

Onsen (English Wikipedia)

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