Orca (English Wikipedia)

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McInnes, Josh D.; Trites, Andrew W.; Mathieson, Chelsea R.; Dahlheim, Marilyn E.; Moore, Jeffrey E.; Olson, Paula A.; Lester, Kevin M. (March 15, 2024). "Evidence for an Oceanic Population of Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in Offshore Waters of California and Oregon". Aquatic Mammals. 50 (2): 93–106. Bibcode:2024AqMam..50...93M. doi:10.1578/am.50.2.2024.93.
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Spencer, M. P.; Gornall 3rd, T. A.; Poulter, T. C. (1967). "Respiratory and cardiac activity of killer whales". Journal of Applied Physiology. 22 (5): 974–981. Bibcode:1967JAPh...22..974S. doi:10.1152/jappl.1967.22.5.974. PMID 6025756.
Ford & Ellis 2006. Ford, John K. B.; Ellis, Graeme M. (2006). "Selective foraging by fish-eating killer whales Orcinus orca in British Columbia". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 316: 185–199. Bibcode:2006MEPS..316..185F. doi:10.3354/meps316185.
Morell, Virginia (2011). "Killer Whales Earn Their Name". Science. 331 (6015): 274–276. Bibcode:2011Sci...331..274M. doi:10.1126/science.331.6015.274. PMID 21252323.
Baird, Robin W.; McSweeney, Daniel J.; Bane, Christopher; Barlow, Jay; Salden, Dan R.; Antoine, La'Ren K.; LeDuc, Richard G.; Webster, Daniel L. (2006). "Killer Whales in Hawaiian Waters: Information on Population Identity and Feeding Habits". Pacific Science. 60 (4): 523–530. Bibcode:2006PacSc..60..523B. doi:10.1353/psc.2006.0024. hdl:10125/22585.
Weir, C. R.; Collins, T.; Carvalho, I.; Rosenbaum, H. C. (2010). "Killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Angolan and Gulf of Guinea waters, tropical West Africa". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 90 (8): 1601–1611. Bibcode:2010JMBUK..90.1601W. doi:10.1017/S002531541000072X.
Reisinger, Ryan R.; Keith, Mark; Andrews, Russel D.; de Bruyn, P. J. N. (December 2015). "Movement and diving of killer whales (Orcinus orca) at a Southern Ocean archipelago". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 473: 90–102. Bibcode:2015JEMBE.473...90R. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2015.08.008. hdl:2263/49986. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2021. maximum dive depths were 767.5 and 499.5 m
Similä, T.; Ugarte, F. (1993). "Surface and underwater observations of cooperatively feeding killer whales in Northern Norway". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 71 (8): 1494–1499. Bibcode:1993CaJZ...71.1494S. doi:10.1139/z93-210.
Visser, Ingrid N. (2005). "First Observations of Feeding on Thresher (Alopias vulpinus) and Hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) Sharks by Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) Specialising on Elasmobranch Prey". Aquatic Mammals. 31 (1): 83–88. Bibcode:2005AqMam..31...83V. doi:10.1578/AM.31.1.2005.83.
Visser, Ingrid N. (1999). "Benthic foraging on stingrays by killer whales (Orcinus orca) in New Zealand waters". Marine Mammal Science. 15 (1): 220–227. Bibcode:1999MMamS..15..220V. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00793.x.
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Pancaldi, Francesca; Ayres, Kathryn A.; Gallagher, Austin J.; Moskito, James; Williamson, Kelsey C.; Higuera Rivas, Jesús Erick (November 29, 2024). "Killer whales (Orcinus orca) hunt, kill and consume the largest fish on Earth, the whale shark (Rhincodon typus)". Frontiers in Marine Science. 11 1448254. Bibcode:2024FrMaS..1148254P. doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1448254. ISSN 2296-7745.
Pyle, Peter; Schramm, Mary Jane; Keiper, Carol; Anderson, Scot D. (1999). "Predation on a white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) by a killer whale (Orcinus orca) and a possible case of competitive displacement". Marine Mammal Science. 15 (2): 563–568. Bibcode:1999MMamS..15..563P. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00822.x.
Jorgensen, S. J.; et al. (2019). "Killer whales redistribute white shark foraging pressure on seals". Scientific Reports. 9 (1) 6153. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6153J. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39356-2. PMC 6467992. PMID 30992478.
Towner, AV; Watson, RGA; Kock, AA; Papastamatiou, Y; Sturup, M; Gennari, E; Baker, K; Booth, T; Dicken, M; Chivell, W; Elwen, S (April 3, 2022). "Fear at the top: killer whale predation drives white shark absence at South Africa's largest aggregation site". African Journal of Marine Science. 44 (2): 139–152. Bibcode:2022AfJMS..44..139T. doi:10.2989/1814232X.2022.2066723.
Samarra, Filipa (2018). "Prey of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Iceland". PLOS ONE. 13 (12): 6. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1307287S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207287. hdl:20.500.11815/1095. PMC 6291266. PMID 30540762.
Kiszka, Jeremy (2021). "Feeding Ecology of Elusive Caribbean Killer Whales Inferred From Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models and Whalers' Ecological Knowledge". Frontiers in Marine Science. 8 648421. Bibcode:2021FrMaS...848421K. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.648421.
Totterdell, J. A.; Wellard, R.; Reeves, I. M.; Elsdon, B.; Markovic, P.; Yoshida, M.; Fairchild, A.; Sharp, G.; Pitman, R. (2022). "The first three records of killer whales (Orcinus orca) killing and eating blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus)". Marine Mammal Science. 38 (3): 1286–1301. Bibcode:2022MMamS..38.1286T. doi:10.1111/mms.12906.
Pitman, Robert L.; Ballance, Lisa T.; Mesnick, Sarah I.; Chivers, Susan J. (July 2001). "Killer Whale Predation on Sperm Whales: Observations and Implications". Marine Mammal Science. 17 (3): 494–507. Bibcode:2001MMamS..17..494P. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01000.x.
Pitman, Robert L.; Durban, John W. (January 2012). "Cooperative hunting behavior, prey selectivity and prey handling by pack ice killer whales (Orcinus orca), type B, in Antarctic Peninsula waters". Marine Mammal Science. 28 (1): 16–36. Bibcode:2012MMamS..28...16P. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00453.x.
Visser, Ingrid N.; Smith, Thomas G.; Bullock, Ian D.; Green, Geoffrey D.; Carlsson, Olle G. L.; Imberti, Santiago (January 2008). "Antarctic peninsula killer whales (Orcinus orca) hunt seals and a penguin on floating ice". Marine Mammal Science. 24 (1): 225–234. Bibcode:2008MMamS..24..225V. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00163.x.
Springer, A. M. (2003). "Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean: An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (21): 12223–12228. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10012223S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1635156100. PMC 218740. PMID 14526101.
Demaster, D.; Trites, A.; Clapham, P.; Mizroch, S.; Wade, P.; Small, R.; Hoef, J. (2006). "The sequential megafaunal collapse hypothesis: Testing with existing data". Progress in Oceanography. 68 (2–4): 329–342. Bibcode:2006PrOce..68..329D. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2006.02.007.
Pitman, R. L.; Durban, J. W. (2010). "Killer whale predation on penguins in Antarctica". Polar Biology. 33 (11): 1589–1594. Bibcode:2010PoBio..33.1589P. doi:10.1007/s00300-010-0853-5.
Deeck, V. B.; Ford, J. K. B.; Slater, P. J. B. (2005). "The vocal behaviour of mammal-eating killer whales: communicating with costly calls". Animal Behaviour. 69 (2): 395–405. Bibcode:2005AnBeh..69..395D. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.04.014.
Foote, A. D.; Osborne, R. W.; Hoelzel, A. (2008). "Temporal and contextual patterns of killer whale (Orcinus orca) call type production". Ethology. 114 (6): 599–606. Bibcode:2008Ethol.114..599F. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01496.x.
Filatova, Olga A.; Fedutin, Ivan D.; Burdin, Alexandr M.; Hoyt, Erich (January 2007). "The structure of the discrete call repertoire of killer whales Orcinus orca from Southeast Kamchatka". Bioacoustics. 16 (3): 261–280. Bibcode:2007Bioac..16..261F. doi:10.1080/09524622.2007.9753581.
Weiß, Brigitte M.; Ladich, Friedrich; Spong, Paul; Symonds, Helena (2006). "Vocal behavior of resident killer whale matrilines with newborn calves: The role of family signatures". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 119 (1): 627–635. Bibcode:2006ASAJ..119..627W. doi:10.1121/1.2130934. PMID 16454316.
Ridgway, Sam H.; Brownson, Robert H.; Van Alstyne, Kaitlin R.; Hauser, Robert A. (December 16, 2019). Li, Songhai (ed.). "Higher neuron densities in the cerebral cortex and larger cerebellums may limit dive times of delphinids compared to deep-diving toothed whales". PLOS ONE. 14 (12) e0226206. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1426206R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226206. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6914331. PMID 31841529.
Grimes, Charli; Brent, Lauren J.N.; Ellis, Samuel; Weiss, Michael N.; Franks, Daniel W.; Ellifrit, David K.; Croft, Darren P. (August 2023). "Postreproductive female killer whales reduce socially inflicted injuries in their male offspring". Current Biology. 33 (15): 3250–3256.e4. Bibcode:2023CBio...33E3250G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.039. PMID 37478863.
Ward, Eric J.; Holmes, Elizabeth E.; Balcomb, Ken C. (June 2009). "Quantifying the effects of prey abundance on killer whale reproduction". Journal of Applied Ecology. 46 (3): 632–640. Bibcode:2009JApEc..46..632W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01647.x.
Jett, John; Ventre, Jeffrey (2015). "Captive killer whale (Orcinus orca) survival". Marine Mammal Science. 31 (4): 1362–1377. Bibcode:2015MMamS..31.1362J. doi:10.1111/mms.12225.
Desforges, J-P; Hall, A; Mcconnell, B; et al. (2018). "Predicting global killer whale population collapse from PCB pollution". Science. 361 (6409): 1373–1376. Bibcode:2018Sci...361.1373D. doi:10.1126/science.aat1953. hdl:10023/16189. PMID 30262502.
Reeves, Randall; Whitehead, Hal (2005). "Killer whales and whaling: the scavenging hypothesis". Biology Letters. 1 (4): 415–418. Bibcode:2005BiLet...1..415W. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0348. PMC 1626385. PMID 17148221.
Lachmuth, Cara L.; Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.; Steyn, D. Q.; Milsom, William K. (April 2011). "Estimation of southern resident killer whale exposure to exhaust emissions from whale-watching vessels and potential adverse health effects and toxicity thresholds". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 62 (4): 792–805. Bibcode:2011MarPB..62..792L. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.002. PMID 21276987.

alaska.edu (Global: 7,176^th place; English: 4,809^th place)

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Carwardine 2001, p. 21. Carwardine, Mark (2001). Killer Whales. London: BBC Worldwide. ISBN 978-0-7894-8266-2.
Carwardine 2001, p. 29. Carwardine, Mark (2001). Killer Whales. London: BBC Worldwide. ISBN 978-0-7894-8266-2.
Carwardine 2001, p. 64. Carwardine, Mark (2001). Killer Whales. London: BBC Worldwide. ISBN 978-0-7894-8266-2.
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Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000, p. 69. Ford, John K. B.; Ellis, Graeme M.; Balcomb, Kenneth C. (2000). Killer Whales (Second ed.). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0800-2.
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Estes, James (February 26, 2009). "Ecological effects of marine mammals". In Perrin, William F. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Wursig, Bernd & Thewissen, J. G. M. Academic Press. pp. 357–361. ISBN 978-0-08-091993-5. Archived from the original on May 9, 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2015.
Heimlich & Boran 2001, p. 45. Heimlich, Sara; Boran, James (2001). Killer Whales. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-89658-545-4.^{[permanent dead link]}
Baird, Robert W.; Baird, Robin W. (August 31, 2006). Killer Whales of the World: Natural History and Conservation. Voyageur Press. pp. 23–. ISBN 978-0-7603-2654-1. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
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Heimlich & Boran 2001, p. 35. Heimlich, Sara; Boran, James (2001). Killer Whales. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-89658-545-4.^{[permanent dead link]}
Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000, p. 27. Ford, John K. B.; Ellis, Graeme M.; Balcomb, Kenneth C. (2000). Killer Whales (Second ed.). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0800-2.
Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000, p. 99. Ford, John K. B.; Ellis, Graeme M.; Balcomb, Kenneth C. (2000). Killer Whales (Second ed.). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0800-2.
Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000, p. 98. Ford, John K. B.; Ellis, Graeme M.; Balcomb, Kenneth C. (2000). Killer Whales (Second ed.). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0800-2.
Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000, p. 100. Ford, John K. B.; Ellis, Graeme M.; Balcomb, Kenneth C. (2000). Killer Whales (Second ed.). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0800-2.
Ford, Ellis & Balcomb 2000, p. 11. Ford, John K. B.; Ellis, Graeme M.; Balcomb, Kenneth C. (2000). Killer Whales (Second ed.). Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0800-2.
Heimlich & Boran 2001, p. 11. Heimlich, Sara; Boran, James (2001). Killer Whales. Stillwater, MN: Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-89658-545-4.^{[permanent dead link]}

bucknell.edu (Global: 671^st place; English: 1,144^th place)

departments.bucknell.edu

Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). "Order Cetacea". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 723–743. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

cascadiaresearch.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

(Baird 2002). Status of Killer Whales in Canada Archived November 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Contract report to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Also published as Baird, Robin William (2001). "Status of Killer Whales, Orcinus orca, in Canada". The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 115 (4): 676–701. Bibcode:2001CFNat.115..676B. doi:10.5962/p.363865. Baird, Robin W. (2002). Killer Whales of the World (PDF). Stillwater, MN.: Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-2654-1.
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Baird 2002, p. 23. Baird, Robin W. (2002). Killer Whales of the World (PDF). Stillwater, MN.: Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-2654-1.
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Baluja, Tamara (July 22, 2019). "Why are orcas called killer whales?". CBC News. Retrieved September 19, 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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"Why orcas wear dead salmon as 'hats' remains a mystery, scientists say". CBC. November 30, 2024. Archived from the original on November 30, 2024. Retrieved December 1, 2024.
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Ковалева, Ирина & Богословская, Людмила (December 3, 2002). Животные и отражение их прихода к человеку в самых разных текстах (in Russian). Эхо Москвы. Арсенал. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2008. A radio interview with Russian scientists about man and animal, examples taken especially from Asian Eskimos

figshare.com (Global: 3,822^nd place; English: 2,289^th place)

Pitman, Robert L.; Durban, John W.; Greenfelder, Michael; Guinet, Christophe; Jorgensen, Morton; Olson, Paula A.; Plana, Jordi; Tixier, Paul; Towers, Jared R. (August 7, 2010). "Observations of a distinctive morphotype of killer whale (Orcinus orca), type D, from subantarctic waters". Polar Biology. 34 (2): 303–306. doi:10.1007/s00300-010-0871-3. Archived from the original on August 12, 2026. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
Reisinger, Ryan R.; Keith, Mark; Andrews, Russel D.; de Bruyn, P. J. N. (December 2015). "Movement and diving of killer whales (Orcinus orca) at a Southern Ocean archipelago". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 473: 90–102. Bibcode:2015JEMBE.473...90R. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2015.08.008. hdl:2263/49986. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2021. maximum dive depths were 767.5 and 499.5 m
Towner, AV; Watson, RGA; Kock, AA; Papastamatiou, Y; Sturup, M; Gennari, E; Baker, K; Booth, T; Dicken, M; Chivell, W; Elwen, S (April 3, 2022). "Fear at the top: killer whale predation drives white shark absence at South Africa's largest aggregation site". African Journal of Marine Science. 44 (2): 139–152. Bibcode:2022AfJMS..44..139T. doi:10.2989/1814232X.2022.2066723.

fws.gov (Global: 2,032^nd place; English: 1,082^nd place)

"Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". www.fws.gov. Archived from the original on February 9, 2026. Retrieved March 10, 2025.

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

abcnews.go.com

"ABC News: Killer Whale Attacks SeaWorld Trainer". ABC News. November 30, 2006. Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. Retrieved January 3, 2010.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). "Order Cetacea". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 723–743. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

google.com.vn (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Canevari, Marcelo; Fernández Balboa, Carlos (2003). 100 mamíferos argentinos (in Spanish). Albatros. p. 97. ISBN 9789502410104.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ferguson, Steven H.; Higdon, Jeff W.; Schmidt, Chloe; Pomerleau, Corinne; Matthews, Cory J. D. (2023). "Investigating the Relationship Between Body Shape and Life History Traits in Toothed Whales: Can Body Shape Predict Fast-Slow Life Histories?". Evolutionary Biology. 50 (3): 300–317. doi:10.1007/s11692-023-09605-4. PMC 10415445. PMID 37576439. S2CID 258879642.
McGowen, Michael R; Tsagkogeorga, Georgia; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; dos Reis, Mario; Struebig, Monika; Deaville, Robert; Jepson, Paul D; Jarman, Simon; Polanowski, Andrea; Morin, Phillip A; Rossiter, Stephen J (May 2020). "Phylogenomic Resolution of the Cetacean Tree of Life Using Target Sequence Capture". Systematic Biology. 69 (3): 479–501. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz068. PMC 7164366. PMID 31633766.
Morin, P. A.; McCarthy, M. L.; Fung, C. W.; Durban, J. W.; Parsons, K. M.; Perrin, W. F.; Taylor, B. L.; Jefferson, T. A.; Archer, F. I. (2024). "Revised taxonomy of eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca): Bigg's and resident ecotypes deserve species status". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (3) 231368. Bibcode:2024RSOS...1131368M. doi:10.1098/rsos.231368. PMC 10966402. PMID 38545612.
Morin, Phillip A.; Archer, Frederick; Foote, Andrew D.; Vilstrup, Julia; Allen, Eric E.; Wade, Paul; Durban, John; Parsons, Kim; Pitman, Robert (2010). "Complete mitochondrial genome phylogeographic analysis of killer whales (Orcinus orca) indicates multiple species". Genome Research. 20 (7): 908–916. doi:10.1101/gr.102954.109. PMC 2892092. PMID 20413674.
Anderson, Robert; Waayers, Robyn; Knight, Andrew (August 2016). "Orca Behavior and Subsequent Aggression Associated with Oceanarium Confinement". Animals. 6 (8): 49. doi:10.3390/ani6080049. PMC 4997274. PMID 27548232.
Jorgensen, S. J.; et al. (2019). "Killer whales redistribute white shark foraging pressure on seals". Scientific Reports. 9 (1) 6153. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6153J. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39356-2. PMC 6467992. PMID 30992478.
Selbmann, A.; et al. (2022). "Occurrence of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) and killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Icelandic coastal waters and their interspecific interactions". Acta Ethol. 25 (3): 141–154. doi:10.1007/s10211-022-00394-1. PMC 9170559. PMID 35694552.
Samarra, Filipa (2018). "Prey of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Iceland". PLOS ONE. 13 (12): 6. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1307287S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207287. hdl:20.500.11815/1095. PMC 6291266. PMID 30540762.
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Estes, J. A.; Doak, D. F.; Springer, A. M.; Williams, T. M. (2009). "Causes and consequences of marine mammal population declines in southwest Alaska: a food-web perspective". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1524): 1647–1658. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0231. PMC 2685424. PMID 19451116.
Weiss, M. N.; et al. (2021). "Age and sex influence social interactions, but not associations, within a killer whale pod". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 288 (1953) 20210617. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.0617. hdl:10871/125706. PMC 8206696. PMID 34130498.
Ridgway, Sam H.; Brownson, Robert H.; Van Alstyne, Kaitlin R.; Hauser, Robert A. (December 16, 2019). Li, Songhai (ed.). "Higher neuron densities in the cerebral cortex and larger cerebellums may limit dive times of delphinids compared to deep-diving toothed whales". PLOS ONE. 14 (12) e0226206. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1426206R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226206. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6914331. PMID 31841529.
Marino, Lori; et al. (2007). "Cetaceans Have Complex Brains for Complex Cognition". PLOS Biology. 5 (5) e139. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050139. PMC 1868071. PMID 17503965.
Robeck, Todd R.; Willis, Kevin; Scarpuzzi, Michael R.; O'Brien, Justine K. (September 29, 2015). "Comparisons of life-history parameters between free-ranging and captive killer whale (Orcinus orca) populations for application toward species management". Journal of Mammalogy. 96 (5): 1055–1070. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyv113. PMC 4668992. PMID 26937049.
Reeves, Randall; Whitehead, Hal (2005). "Killer whales and whaling: the scavenging hypothesis". Biology Letters. 1 (4): 415–418. Bibcode:2005BiLet...1..415W. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0348. PMC 1626385. PMID 17148221.

noaa.gov (Global: 111^th place; English: 78^th place)

nwr.noaa.gov

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NMFS 2005, p. 33. NMFS (2005). "Conservation Plan for Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)" (PDF). Seattle, US: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Northwest Regional Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
NMFS 2005, p. 35. NMFS (2005). "Conservation Plan for Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca)" (PDF). Seattle, US: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Northwest Regional Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2008. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
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