Osaka (English Wikipedia)

"Historical Overview, the City of Osaka official homepage". Archived from the original on March 22, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2009. Navigate to the equivalent Japanese page (大阪市の歴史タイムトリップ20,000年 [History of Osaka, A timetrip back 20,000 years]) Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine for additional information.
"2. 土地及び気象". city.osaka.jp (in Japanese). March 13, 2008. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008.
大阪市データネット市民経済計算 [Osaka City Datanet: Osaka City Economy] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on December 7, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
"大阪市データネット 1 主要指標". Archived from the original on May 10, 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2009.

tourism.city.osaka.jp

"More About Osaka, Osaka City Government". Archived from the original on April 2, 2003.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Jacobs, A.J. (2011). ""Japan's Evolving Nested Municipal Hierarchy: The Race for Local Power in the 2000s"". Urban Studies Research. 2011. Hindawi, Urban Studies Research, Vol. 2011 (2011), doi:10.1155/2011/692764: 1–14. doi:10.1155/2011/692764.

e-stat.go.jp (Global: 695^th place; English: low place)

"2015 Census Final Data". Statistics Bureau of Japan.
"2005 Population Census". Statistics Bureau, Director-General for Policy Planning (Statistical Standards) and Statistical Research and Training Institute, Japan. Retrieved February 18, 2009.

expo2025.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Overview". Osaka Kansai Expo 2025. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 11, 2022.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

"In Depth: World's Most Expensive Cities To Live". Forbes. July 7, 2009. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
"The World's 10 Most Expensive Cities To Live In". Forbes. November 18, 2020. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.

geocities.jp (Global: 5,309^th place; English: 4,605^th place)

大阪市の教育史 [History of Education in Osaka] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 6, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2009.

globalvoices.org (Global: 8,371^st place; English: 7,780^th place)

"Osaka cuts sister city ties with San Francisco over "comfort women" statue · Global Voices". Global Voices. October 6, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2018.

hbs.edu (Global: 4,729^th place; English: 2,784^th place)

Moss, David A.; Kintgen, Eugene (January 30, 2009). "The Dojima Rice Market and the Origins of Futures Trading". Harvard Business School.

iiclo.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"IICLO / INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CHILDREN'S LITERATURE, OSAKA". www.iiclo.or.jp. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved February 26, 2025.

j-cast.com (Global: 1,751^st place; English: low place)

経営に資する統合的内部監査 (June 11, 2008). 大証との経営統合、ようやく決着ジャスダック : J-CASTニュース. J-cast.com. Retrieved May 5, 2010.

jac.go.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

ntj.jac.go.jp

"National Theatre of Japan". Ntj.jac.go.jp. Archived from the original on October 4, 2002. Retrieved May 5, 2010.

japan-forward.com (Global: low place; English: 8,671^st place)

"Osaka Is World Expo 2025 Host | JAPAN Forward". Japan Forward. November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.

japan-guide.com (Global: 7,130^th place; English: 8,318^th place)

"Kita (Umeda)". www.japan-guide.com. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
"Minami (Namba)". www.japan-guide.com. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
"Osaka Bay Area". www.japan-guide.com. Retrieved February 23, 2025.

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

japantimes.co.jp

Johnston, Eric (April 8, 2019). "Osaka leaders win in elections to swap roles, but merger prospects unclear" – via Japan Times Online.
"Hashimoto announces exit from politics after Osaka rejects merger plan in referendum". May 19, 2017. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020.
Eric Johnston (November 2, 2020). "Osaka referendum defeat raises questions about future of city's politics". Archived from the original on November 2, 2020.
"Tallest high-rise nears completion". The Japan Times. October 23, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2013.

search.japantimes.co.jp

JOHNSTON, ERIC (June 29, 2002). "Tsuruhashi, home of 'exotic' Korea in Osaka". The Japan Times Online. The Japan Times. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2009.

jma.go.jp (Global: 825^th place; English: 1,399^th place)

data.jma.go.jp

気象庁 – 過去の梅雨入りと梅雨明け（近畿）. Japan Meteorological Agency 気象庁. Archived from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved May 19, 2021.

kansai.gr.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

Archived December 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

kuidaore-osaka.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Superior brand sake: Food Library – Kuidaore Osaka". Archived from the original on March 27, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
"The Roots: Food Library – Kuidaore Osaka". Archived from the original on March 27, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2014.

latlong.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Osaka, Japan Geographic Information". Latlong.net. April 2022. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2022.

longfinance.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Global Financial Centres Index 21" (PDF). Long Finance. March 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2017.

mainichi.jp (Global: 257^th place; English: 1,209^th place)

mdn.mainichi.jp

The Mainichi Shimbun (February 27, 2012)3 major Kansai cities aim to break dependence on nuclear power Deprecated link archived July 10, 2012, at archive.today
The Mainichi Shimbun (March 19, 2012). "Osaka aims to end Kansai Electric's nuclear power ops as shareholder". mainichi.jp. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2025.

mainichi.jp

The Mainichi Shimbun (April 10, 2012) Kansai Electric, affiliates had 69 ex-bureaucrats employed as execs as of end of fiscal 2011 Archived April 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine

mastercard.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mastercard – Global Leading Company in Payment Solutions Offering Credit, Debit, Prepaid Cards & More" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2008.

mercer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2009". Mercer.com. July 7, 2009. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
"2013 Cost of Living Rankings". Mercer. Mercer LLC. 2013. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2014.

nationmaster.com (Global: 8,319^th place; English: low place)

"Countries Compared by Economy > GDP. International Statistics at NationMaster.com". www.nationmaster.com. Retrieved February 23, 2025.

nii.ac.jp (Global: 195^th place; English: 1,046^th place)

ci.nii.ac.jp

Hikotaro, Kajiyama; Minoru, Itihara (1972). "The Developmental History of the Osaka Plain". 地質学論集 (7): 101–112. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017.

nlb.gov.sg (Global: 562^nd place; English: 301^st place)

eresources.nlb.gov.sg

"Osaka's grandeur on parade". The Straits Times. September 4, 1994.

osaka-cpa.or.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

史跡難波宮跡, 財団法人大阪都市協会 [Naniwa Palace Site, by Osaka Toshi Kyokai] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.

osaka-info.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Uemachidaichi – A journey to ancient osaka". www.osaka-info.jp. May 1, 2007. Archived from the original on December 28, 2012.
"HISTORICAL OVERVIEW – DISCOVER – OSAKA INFO -Osaka Visitors' Guide". January 29, 2018. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
"Osaka city". Osaka-info.jp. Archived from the original on March 6, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.

osaka.lg.jp (Global: 2,028^th place; English: low place)

city.osaka.lg.jp

"大阪市推計人口（毎月1日現在）・人口異動". 大阪市トップページ. City of Osaka. Retrieved October 16, 2025.
"市の花". 大阪市トップページ. City of Osaka. Retrieved October 17, 2025.
"Historical Overview, the City of Osaka official homepage". Archived from the original on March 22, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2009. Navigate to the equivalent Japanese page (大阪市の歴史タイムトリップ20,000年 [History of Osaka, A timetrip back 20,000 years]) Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine for additional information.
"Sumiyoshi Ward". www.city.osaka.lg.jp. April 21, 2011. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017.
"Tezukayama Ancient Burial Mound". www.city.osaka.lg.jp. April 15, 2014. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017.
"大阪市各区の人口・世帯数（推計）". 大阪市. City of Osaka. Retrieved October 16, 2025.
"大阪市外国人住民国籍別区別人員数" (PDF). Osaka City. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 31, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
"住民基本台帳人口・外国人人口（令和3年3月末日現在）". Archived from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
"Osaka City Council homepage". City.osaka.lg.jp. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
Yoshimura, Hirofumi (October 2, 2018). "Termination of Sister City Relationship" (PDF). Letter to London Breed, Mayor of San Francisco. City of Osaka. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
"Osaka GDP" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 22, 2018. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
"平成27年国勢調査＜人口等基本集計結果（大阪市）＞". 大阪市. Retrieved February 23, 2025.
"大阪市教育委員会 Osaka City Boad of Education (JA)". www.city.osaka.lg.jp. Retrieved December 7, 2025.
"The City of Osaka's International Network". city.osaka.lg.jp. Osaka. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2020.

sakai.lg.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

city.sakai.lg.jp

"Enjoying Sakai – Kofun Tombs (Tumuli)". Sakai City. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2011.

senri.ed.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

yayoi.senri.ed.jp

"School Profile 2014–2015" (Archived March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine). Osaka International School of Kwansei Gakuin. Retrieved on November 1, 2015.

shiki.gr.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

劇団四季サイトインフォメーション Theatres. Shiki.gr.jp. Archived from the original on August 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.

stat.go.jp (Global: 3,555^th place; English: 8,063^rd place)

"Table 2.10 Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas" (PDF). Statistics Bureau of Japan. p. 21. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

sumiyoshitaisha.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"歴史年表 (History of Sumiyoshi-taisha)". sumiyoshitaisha.net. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2019.

thecitylane.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Osaka Food Guide Archived October 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The City Lane

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

George Arnett; Chris Michael (February 14, 2014). "The world's most expensive cities". The Guardian. Retrieved February 23, 2014.
Booth, Michael (July 13, 2009). "Osaka – the world's greatest food city". The Guardian.

tokyotimes.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

wordpress.tokyotimes.org

"Kamagasaki: Japan's biggest slum". April 8, 2014. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2014.

treccani.it (Global: 157^th place; English: 590^th place)

templi www.treccani.it

ukiyo-e.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

"A Guide to the Ukiyo-e Sites of the Internet". Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Retrieved October 18, 2008.

univie.ac.at (Global: 2,083^rd place; English: 2,828^th place)

Scheid, Bernhard. "Religion in Japan". Torii (in German). University of Vienna. Retrieved February 12, 2010.

weather-atlas.com (Global: 9,697^th place; English: 6,608^th place)

"Osaka, Japan – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast". Weather Atlas. Yu Media Group. Retrieved July 9, 2019.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Uemachidaichi – A journey to ancient osaka". www.osaka-info.jp. May 1, 2007. Archived from the original on December 28, 2012.
Hikotaro, Kajiyama; Minoru, Itihara (1972). "The Developmental History of the Osaka Plain". 地質学論集 (7): 101–112. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017.
"Historical Overview, the City of Osaka official homepage". Archived from the original on March 22, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2009. Navigate to the equivalent Japanese page (大阪市の歴史タイムトリップ20,000年 [History of Osaka, A timetrip back 20,000 years]) Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine for additional information.
"Sumiyoshi Ward". www.city.osaka.lg.jp. April 21, 2011. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017.
"Tezukayama Ancient Burial Mound". www.city.osaka.lg.jp. April 15, 2014. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017.
"Enjoying Sakai – Kofun Tombs (Tumuli)". Sakai City. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
史跡難波宮跡, 財団法人大阪都市協会 [Naniwa Palace Site, by Osaka Toshi Kyokai] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
"歴史年表 (History of Sumiyoshi-taisha)". sumiyoshitaisha.net. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
"HISTORICAL OVERVIEW – DISCOVER – OSAKA INFO -Osaka Visitors' Guide". January 29, 2018. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
"-Osaka City-". Archived from the original on March 22, 2009. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
"A Guide to the Ukiyo-e Sites of the Internet". Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
"Osaka city". Osaka-info.jp. Archived from the original on March 6, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
"Hashimoto announces exit from politics after Osaka rejects merger plan in referendum". May 19, 2017. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020.
Eric Johnston (November 2, 2020). "Osaka referendum defeat raises questions about future of city's politics". Archived from the original on November 2, 2020.
"In Depth: World's Most Expensive Cities To Live". Forbes. July 7, 2009. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
"The World's 10 Most Expensive Cities To Live In". Forbes. November 18, 2020. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
"Tallest high-rise nears completion". The Japan Times. October 23, 2013. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
"Overview". Osaka Kansai Expo 2025. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
"2. 土地及び気象". city.osaka.jp (in Japanese). March 13, 2008. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008.
"Osaka, Japan Geographic Information". Latlong.net. April 2022. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
気象庁 – 過去の梅雨入りと梅雨明け（近畿）. Japan Meteorological Agency 気象庁. Archived from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
"Kamagasaki: Japan's biggest slum". April 8, 2014. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
"More About Osaka, Osaka City Government". Archived from the original on April 2, 2003.
"大阪市外国人住民国籍別区別人員数" (PDF). Osaka City. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 31, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
"住民基本台帳人口・外国人人口（令和3年3月末日現在）". Archived from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
JOHNSTON, ERIC (June 29, 2002). "Tsuruhashi, home of 'exotic' Korea in Osaka". The Japan Times Online. The Japan Times. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
The Japan Times, July 31, 2012: Bill to transform Osaka government jointly submitted to Diet
Yoshimura, Hirofumi (October 2, 2018). "Termination of Sister City Relationship" (PDF). Letter to London Breed, Mayor of San Francisco. City of Osaka. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
The Mainichi Shimbun (March 19, 2012). "Osaka aims to end Kansai Electric's nuclear power ops as shareholder". mainichi.jp. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2025.
The Mainichi Shimbun (April 10, 2012) Kansai Electric, affiliates had 69 ex-bureaucrats employed as execs as of end of fiscal 2011 Archived April 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
大阪市データネット市民経済計算 [Osaka City Datanet: Osaka City Economy] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on December 7, 2006. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
"Mastercard – Global Leading Company in Payment Solutions Offering Credit, Debit, Prepaid Cards & More" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2008.
"Osaka GDP" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 22, 2018. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
"The Global Financial Centres Index 21" (PDF). Long Finance. March 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2017.
"Worldwide Cost of Living survey 2009". Mercer.com. July 7, 2009. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
"2013 Cost of Living Rankings". Mercer. Mercer LLC. 2013. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2014.
"大阪市データネット 1 主要指標". Archived from the original on May 10, 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
Archived December 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
"Superior brand sake: Food Library – Kuidaore Osaka". Archived from the original on March 27, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
"The Roots: Food Library – Kuidaore Osaka". Archived from the original on March 27, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
Osaka Food Guide Archived October 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The City Lane
"National Theatre of Japan". Ntj.jac.go.jp. Archived from the original on October 4, 2002. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
劇団四季サイトインフォメーション Theatres. Shiki.gr.jp. Archived from the original on August 13, 2010. Retrieved May 5, 2010.
"Bandy came to Japan!". Archived from the original on May 2, 2012.
"BANDY Festival 2012 in OSAKA". Archived from the original on October 16, 2012.
大阪市の教育史 [History of Education in Osaka] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on April 6, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Stewart, Alex. "educating kansai" (Archive). The Journal of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (Jānaru), Volume 40, Issues 7–12. The American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ), 2003. p. 43.
"School Profile 2014–2015" (Archived March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine). Osaka International School of Kwansei Gakuin. Retrieved on November 1, 2015.
Stewart, Alex. "education kansai" (Archive). The Journal of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (Jānaru), Volume 40, Issues 7–12. The American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ), 2003. p. 41.
"IICLO / INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CHILDREN'S LITERATURE, OSAKA". www.iiclo.or.jp. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
"The City of Osaka's International Network". city.osaka.lg.jp. Osaka. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2020.

worldatlas.com (Global: 2,266^th place; English: 2,297^th place)

Barrett, Ryan (May 30, 2026). "10 Biggest Cities In Japan". WorldAtlas. Retrieved July 31, 2026.

worldbandy.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bandy came to Japan!". Archived from the original on May 2, 2012.
"BANDY Festival 2012 in OSAKA". Archived from the original on October 16, 2012.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Kingo Tamai, "Images of the Poor in an Official Survey of Osaka, 1923–1926." Continuity and Change 2000 15(1): 99–116. ISSN 0268-4160 Fulltext: Cambridge UP

Osaka (English Wikipedia)

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hbs.edu (Global: 4,729th place; English: 2,784th place)

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kuidaore-osaka.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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weather-atlas.com (Global: 9,697th place; English: 6,608th place)

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worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

autonews.com (Global: 3,064^th place; English: 1,984^th place)

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; English: 357^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

brookings.edu (Global: 1,937^th place; English: 1,225^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

e-stat.go.jp (Global: 695^th place; English: low place)

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

geocities.jp (Global: 5,309^th place; English: 4,605^th place)

globalvoices.org (Global: 8,371^st place; English: 7,780^th place)

hbs.edu (Global: 4,729^th place; English: 2,784^th place)

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japan-guide.com (Global: 7,130^th place; English: 8,318^th place)

japantimes.co.jp (Global: 407^th place; English: 286^th place)

jma.go.jp (Global: 825^th place; English: 1,399^th place)

mainichi.jp (Global: 257^th place; English: 1,209^th place)

nationmaster.com (Global: 8,319^th place; English: low place)

nii.ac.jp (Global: 195^th place; English: 1,046^th place)

nlb.gov.sg (Global: 562^nd place; English: 301^st place)

osaka.lg.jp (Global: 2,028^th place; English: low place)

stat.go.jp (Global: 3,555^th place; English: 8,063^rd place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

treccani.it (Global: 157^th place; English: 590^th place)

univie.ac.at (Global: 2,083^rd place; English: 2,828^th place)

weather-atlas.com (Global: 9,697^th place; English: 6,608^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldatlas.com (Global: 2,266^th place; English: 2,297^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)