Paleo-Indians (English Wikipedia)

Saillard, Juliette; Forster, Peter; Lynnerup, Niels; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Nørby, Søren (2000). "mtDNA Variation among Greenland Eskimos. The Edge of the Beringian Expansion". Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, University of Hamburg, Hamburg. Retrieved 2009-11-22.

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Hunt, Katie (October 5, 2023). "Scientists say they've confirmed evidence that humans arrived in the Americas far earlier than previously thought". CNN. Retrieved 2024-07-18.
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Viegas, Jennifer. "First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover". Discovery News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2009. Archaeological evidence, in fact, recognizes that people started to leave Beringia for the New World around 40,000 years ago, but rapid expansion into North America didn't occur until about 15,000 years ago, when the ice had literally broken page 2 Archived 13 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
"First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover - Jennifer Viegas, Discovery News". Archived from the original on 2012-10-10. Retrieved 2009-11-18. page 2 Archived 2012-03-13 at the Wayback Machine

doi.org

Pitblado, B. L. (2011-03-12). "A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas". Journal of Archaeological Research. 19 (4): 327–375. doi:10.1007/s10814-011-9049-y. S2CID 144261387.
Fladmark, K. R. (January 1979). "Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America". American Antiquity. 44 (1): 55–69. doi:10.2307/279189. JSTOR 279189. S2CID 162243347.
Bonatto, S.L.; Salzano, F.M. (1997). "A single and early migration for the peopling of the Americas supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence data". PNAS. 94 (5): 1866–1871. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.1866B. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1866. PMC 20009. PMID 9050871.
Waguespack, Nicole M.; Surovell, Todd A. (April 2003). "Clovis Hunting Strategies, or How to Make out on Plentiful Resources". American Antiquity. 68 (2): 333–352. doi:10.2307/3557083. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 3557083. S2CID 164047864.
deFrance, Susan D.; Keefer, David K.; Richardson, James B.; Alvarez, Adan U. (2010). "Late Paleo-Indian Coastal Foragers: Specialized Extractive". Latin American Antiquity. 12 (4): 413–426. doi:10.2307/972087. JSTOR 972087. S2CID 163802845.
Balanovsky, Oleg; Gurianov, Vladimir; Zaporozhchenko, Valery; et al. (February 2017). "Phylogeography of human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q3-L275 from an academic/citizen science collaboration". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (S1): 18. Bibcode:2017BMCEE..17S..18B. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2. PMC 5333174. PMID 28251872.
Orgel, L. (2004). "Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world" (PDF). Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 39 (2): 99–123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.7679. doi:10.1080/10409230490460765. PMID 15217990. S2CID 4939632. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
Ruhlen M (November 1998). "The origin of the Na-Dene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (23): 13994–6. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9513994R. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994. PMC 25007. PMID 9811914.
Zegura SL, Karafet TM, Zhivotovsky LA, Hammer MF (January 2004). "High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (1): 164–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. PMID 14595095.
Svenning, Jens-Christian; Lemoine, Rhys T.; Bergman, Juraj; Buitenwerf, Robert; Le Roux, Elizabeth; Lundgren, Erick; Mungi, Ninad; Pedersen, Rasmus Ø. (2024). "The late-Quaternary megafauna extinctions: Patterns, causes, ecological consequences and implications for ecosystem management in the Anthropocene". Cambridge Prisms: Extinction. 2. doi:10.1017/ext.2024.4. ISSN 2755-0958.
Politis, Gustavo G.; Messineo, Pablo G.; Stafford, Thomas W.; Lindsey, Emily L. (March 2019). "Campo Laborde: A Late Pleistocene giant ground sloth kill and butchering site in the Pampas". Science Advances. 5 (3): eaau4546. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.4546P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau4546. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6402857. PMID 30854426.
Grayson, Donald K.; Meltzer, David J. (May 2003). "A requiem for North American overkill". Journal of Archaeological Science. 30 (5): 585–593. Bibcode:2003JArSc..30..585G. doi:10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00205-4.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Grayson, Donald K.; Meltzer, David J. (May 2003). "A requiem for North American overkill". Journal of Archaeological Science. 30 (5): 585–593. Bibcode:2003JArSc..30..585G. doi:10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00205-4.

genebase.com

Wendy Tymchuk, ed. (2008). "Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q". Genebase Systems. Archived from the original (Verbal tutorial possible) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
Wendy Tymchuk, ed. (2008). "Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q". Genebase Systems. Archived from the original (Verbal tutorial possible) on 2010-04-21. Retrieved 2009-11-21.

genetics.org

Torroni, A.; Schurr, T. G.; Yang, C. C.; Szathmary, E.; Williams, R. C.; Schanfield, M. S.; Troup, G. A.; Knowler, W. C.; Lawrence, D. N.; Weiss, K. M.; Wallace, D. C. (January 1992). "Native American Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Indicates That the Amerind and the Nadene Populations Were Founded by Two Independent Migrations". Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Departments of Biochemistry and Anthropology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. 130 (1). Genetics Society of America: 153–162. Retrieved 2009-11-28.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bonatto, S.L.; Salzano, F.M. (1997). "A single and early migration for the peopling of the Americas supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence data". PNAS. 94 (5): 1866–1871. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.1866B. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1866. PMC 20009. PMID 9050871.
Balanovsky, Oleg; Gurianov, Vladimir; Zaporozhchenko, Valery; et al. (February 2017). "Phylogeography of human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q3-L275 from an academic/citizen science collaboration". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (S1): 18. Bibcode:2017BMCEE..17S..18B. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2. PMC 5333174. PMID 28251872.
Ruhlen M (November 1998). "The origin of the Na-Dene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (23): 13994–6. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9513994R. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994. PMC 25007. PMID 9811914.
Politis, Gustavo G.; Messineo, Pablo G.; Stafford, Thomas W.; Lindsey, Emily L. (March 2019). "Campo Laborde: A Late Pleistocene giant ground sloth kill and butchering site in the Pampas". Science Advances. 5 (3): eaau4546. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.4546P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau4546. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6402857. PMID 30854426.
Grayson, Donald K.; Meltzer, David J. (May 2003). "A requiem for North American overkill". Journal of Archaeological Science. 30 (5): 585–593. Bibcode:2003JArSc..30..585G. doi:10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00205-4.

heraldmailmedia.com

"Author Discovers Ceremonial Site". Archaeology Site Article listing. Herald Mall Media. Archived from the original on 2018-11-09. Retrieved 2019-03-15.

jornada.com.mx

"Confirman huella humana en Chile como la más antigua de América" [Confirm human footprint in Chile as the oldest in America]. la Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2019-04-27. Retrieved 2019-04-27.

jstor.org

Fladmark, K. R. (January 1979). "Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America". American Antiquity. 44 (1): 55–69. doi:10.2307/279189. JSTOR 279189. S2CID 162243347.
Waguespack, Nicole M.; Surovell, Todd A. (April 2003). "Clovis Hunting Strategies, or How to Make out on Plentiful Resources". American Antiquity. 68 (2): 333–352. doi:10.2307/3557083. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 3557083. S2CID 164047864.
deFrance, Susan D.; Keefer, David K.; Richardson, James B.; Alvarez, Adan U. (2010). "Late Paleo-Indian Coastal Foragers: Specialized Extractive". Latin American Antiquity. 12 (4): 413–426. doi:10.2307/972087. JSTOR 972087. S2CID 163802845.

learnersportal.com

"Period 1 (10,000 to 8,000 years ago)". Learners Portal Breton University. 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2010-02-05.

multiculturalcanada.ca

"Beginnings to 1500 C.E". Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. Archived from the original on 2010-12-06. Retrieved 2009-11-17.

nationalgeographic.com

blogs.nationalgeographic.com

"Skull in Underwater Cave May Be Earliest Trace of First Americans – NatGeo News Watch". Blogs.nationalgeographic.com. 2011-02-18. Archived from the original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-03-03.

news.nationalgeographic.com

Than, Ker (2008). "New World Settlers Took 20,000-Year Pit Stop". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on February 19, 2008. Retrieved 2010-01-23.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bonatto, S.L.; Salzano, F.M. (1997). "A single and early migration for the peopling of the Americas supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence data". PNAS. 94 (5): 1866–1871. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.1866B. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1866. PMC 20009. PMID 9050871.
Balanovsky, Oleg; Gurianov, Vladimir; Zaporozhchenko, Valery; et al. (February 2017). "Phylogeography of human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q3-L275 from an academic/citizen science collaboration". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (S1): 18. Bibcode:2017BMCEE..17S..18B. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2. PMC 5333174. PMID 28251872.
Orgel, L. (2004). "Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world" (PDF). Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 39 (2): 99–123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.7679. doi:10.1080/10409230490460765. PMID 15217990. S2CID 4939632. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
Ruhlen M (November 1998). "The origin of the Na-Dene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (23): 13994–6. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9513994R. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994. PMC 25007. PMID 9811914.
Zegura SL, Karafet TM, Zhivotovsky LA, Hammer MF (January 2004). "High-resolution SNPs and microsatellite haplotypes point to a single, recent entry of Native American Y chromosomes into the Americas". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (1): 164–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh009. PMID 14595095.
Politis, Gustavo G.; Messineo, Pablo G.; Stafford, Thomas W.; Lindsey, Emily L. (March 2019). "Campo Laborde: A Late Pleistocene giant ground sloth kill and butchering site in the Pampas". Science Advances. 5 (3): eaau4546. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.4546P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau4546. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6402857. PMID 30854426.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bonatto, S.L.; Salzano, F.M. (1997). "A single and early migration for the peopling of the Americas supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence data". PNAS. 94 (5): 1866–1871. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.1866B. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1866. PMC 20009. PMID 9050871.
Balanovsky, Oleg; Gurianov, Vladimir; Zaporozhchenko, Valery; et al. (February 2017). "Phylogeography of human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q3-L275 from an academic/citizen science collaboration". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (S1): 18. Bibcode:2017BMCEE..17S..18B. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2. PMC 5333174. PMID 28251872.
Ruhlen M (November 1998). "The origin of the Na-Dene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (23): 13994–6. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9513994R. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994. PMC 25007. PMID 9811914.
Politis, Gustavo G.; Messineo, Pablo G.; Stafford, Thomas W.; Lindsey, Emily L. (March 2019). "Campo Laborde: A Late Pleistocene giant ground sloth kill and butchering site in the Pampas". Science Advances. 5 (3): eaau4546. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.4546P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau4546. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6402857. PMID 30854426.

nps.gov

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tps.cr.nps.gov

"Meadowcroft Rockshelter". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 2009-11-17.

nytimes.com

"Pause Is Seen in a Continent's Peopling". The New York Times. 13 Mar 2014.

physorg.com

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psu.edu

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Orgel, L. (2004). "Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world" (PDF). Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 39 (2): 99–123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.7679. doi:10.1080/10409230490460765. PMID 15217990. S2CID 4939632. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
Amber D. Wheat "Survey of professional opionions regarding the peopling of the Americas." The SAA Archaeological Record Volume 12, No. 2 March 2012

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Pitblado, B. L. (2011-03-12). "A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas". Journal of Archaeological Research. 19 (4): 327–375. doi:10.1007/s10814-011-9049-y. S2CID 144261387.
Fladmark, K. R. (January 1979). "Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America". American Antiquity. 44 (1): 55–69. doi:10.2307/279189. JSTOR 279189. S2CID 162243347.
Waguespack, Nicole M.; Surovell, Todd A. (April 2003). "Clovis Hunting Strategies, or How to Make out on Plentiful Resources". American Antiquity. 68 (2): 333–352. doi:10.2307/3557083. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 3557083. S2CID 164047864.
deFrance, Susan D.; Keefer, David K.; Richardson, James B.; Alvarez, Adan U. (2010). "Late Paleo-Indian Coastal Foragers: Specialized Extractive". Latin American Antiquity. 12 (4): 413–426. doi:10.2307/972087. JSTOR 972087. S2CID 163802845.
Orgel, L. (2004). "Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of the RNA world" (PDF). Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 39 (2): 99–123. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.537.7679. doi:10.1080/10409230490460765. PMID 15217990. S2CID 4939632. Retrieved 2010-01-19.

si.edu

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Viegas, Jennifer. "First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover". Discovery News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2009. Archaeological evidence, in fact, recognizes that people started to leave Beringia for the New World around 40,000 years ago, but rapid expansion into North America didn't occur until about 15,000 years ago, when the ice had literally broken page 2 Archived 13 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
"Method and Theory in American Archaeology". Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips. University of Chicago. 1958. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
Fitzhugh, William; Goddard, Ives; Ousley, Steve; Owsley, Doug; Stanford, Dennis. "Paleoamerican". Smithsonian Institution Anthropology Outreach Office. Archived from the original on 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
"Period 1 (10,000 to 8,000 years ago)". Learners Portal Breton University. 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2010-02-05.
"Alabama Archaeology: Prehistoric Alabama". University of Alabama Press. 1999. Archived from the original on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
Breitburg, Emanual; John B. Broster; Arthur L. Reesman; Richard G. Strearns (1996). "Coats-Hines Site: Tennessee's First Paleoindian Mastodon Association" (PDF). Current Research in the Pleistocene. 13: 6–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2009-11-18.
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"Alberta History pre 1800 – Jasper Alberta". Jasper Alberta. 2009. Archived from the original on 2016-03-13. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
"Meadowcroft Rockshelter". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
"Author Discovers Ceremonial Site". Archaeology Site Article listing. Herald Mall Media. Archived from the original on 2018-11-09. Retrieved 2019-03-15.
"Confirman huella humana en Chile como la más antigua de América" [Confirm human footprint in Chile as the oldest in America]. la Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2019-04-27. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
"Skull in Underwater Cave May Be Earliest Trace of First Americans – NatGeo News Watch". Blogs.nationalgeographic.com. 2011-02-18. Archived from the original on 2011-02-26. Retrieved 2011-03-03.
Connor, Steve. "Does skull prove that the first Americans came from Europe?". The University of Texas at Austin – Web Central. Archived from the original on 2004-03-02. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
Jordan, David K. (2009). "Prehistoric Beringia". University of California - San Diego. Archived from the original on 2014-02-12. Retrieved 2010-04-15.
TOM D. DILLEHAY, The Late Pleistocene Cultures of South America. Evolutionary Anthropology, 1999
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Wendy Tymchuk, ed. (2008). "Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q". Genebase Systems. Archived from the original (Verbal tutorial possible) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
Wendy Tymchuk, ed. (2008). "Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup Q". Genebase Systems. Archived from the original (Verbal tutorial possible) on 2010-04-21. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
"First Americans Endured 20,000-Year Layover - Jennifer Viegas, Discovery News". Archived from the original on 2012-10-10. Retrieved 2009-11-18. page 2 Archived 2012-03-13 at the Wayback Machine
Than, Ker (2008). "New World Settlers Took 20,000-Year Pit Stop". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on February 19, 2008. Retrieved 2010-01-23.
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wiktionary.org

en.wiktionary.org

Paleolithic specifically refers to the period between c. 2.5 million years ago and the end of the Pleistocene in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is not used in New World archaeology.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Wells, Spencer (2006). Deep Ancestry: Inside the Genographic Project. National Geographic Books. pp. 222–. ISBN 978-0-7922-6215-2. OCLC 1031966951.
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Waguespack, Nicole M.; Surovell, Todd A. (April 2003). "Clovis Hunting Strategies, or How to Make out on Plentiful Resources". American Antiquity. 68 (2): 333–352. doi:10.2307/3557083. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 3557083. S2CID 164047864.
Svenning, Jens-Christian; Lemoine, Rhys T.; Bergman, Juraj; Buitenwerf, Robert; Le Roux, Elizabeth; Lundgren, Erick; Mungi, Ninad; Pedersen, Rasmus Ø. (2024). "The late-Quaternary megafauna extinctions: Patterns, causes, ecological consequences and implications for ecosystem management in the Anthropocene". Cambridge Prisms: Extinction. 2. doi:10.1017/ext.2024.4. ISSN 2755-0958.
Politis, Gustavo G.; Messineo, Pablo G.; Stafford, Thomas W.; Lindsey, Emily L. (March 2019). "Campo Laborde: A Late Pleistocene giant ground sloth kill and butchering site in the Pampas". Science Advances. 5 (3): eaau4546. Bibcode:2019SciA....5.4546P. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau4546. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6402857. PMID 30854426.