Pendulum clock (English Wikipedia)

Fedchenko, F. M. (July–August 1957). "Astronomical clock AChF-1 with isochronous pendulum". Soviet Astronomy. 1 (5). Soviet Academy of Sciences: 637–647. ISSN 1063-7729. Retrieved 19 September 2025. archived: NASA Astronomical Data System

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Macey, Samuel L. (1994). Encyclopedia of Time. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0815306156.
Fedchenko, F. M. (July–August 1957). "Astronomical clock AChF-1 with isochronous pendulum". Soviet Astronomy. 1 (5). Soviet Academy of Sciences: 637–647. ISSN 1063-7729. Retrieved 19 September 2025. archived: NASA Astronomical Data System

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Andrewes, W.J.H. Clocks and Watches: The leap to precision in Macey, Samuel (1994). Encyclopedia of Time. Taylor & Francis. pp. 123–125. ISBN 978-0-8153-0615-3.
Jones, Tony (2000). Splitting the Second: The Story of Atomic Time. US: CRC Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7503-0640-9.
Audoin, Claude; Bernard Guinot; Stephen Lyle (2001). The Measurement of Time: Time, Frequency, and the Atomic Clock. UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 83. ISBN 0-521-00397-0.

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Mumford, Bryan (November 2005). "Some thoughts on the Littlemore clock" (PDF). Horological Science Newsletter. National Assoc. of Watch and Clock Collectors: 20–22. Retrieved March 18, 2017.

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"The Reifler and Shortt clocks". JagAir Institute of Time and Technology. Retrieved 2009-12-29.

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Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock". Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. Bibcode:1948BSTJ...27..510M. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. Archived from the original on 2007-05-13.
Headrick, Michael (2002). "Origin and Evolution of the Anchor Clock Escapement". Control Systems Magazine. 22 (2). Inst. of Electrical and Electronic Engineers: 41. Bibcode:2002ICSys..22b..41H. doi:10.1109/37.993314. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock". Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. Bibcode:1948BSTJ...27..510M. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17.
Gore, Jeff; Alexander van Oudenaarden (January 15, 2009). "The Yin and Yang of Nature" (PDF). Nature. 457 (7227). MacMillan: 271–2. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..271G. doi:10.1038/457271a. PMID 19148089. S2CID 205043569. Retrieved 2009-07-22.

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Bennet, Matthew; et al. (2002). "Huygens' Clocks" (PDF). Georgia Institute of Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2007-12-04., p.3, also published in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A 458, 563–579

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Headrick, Michael (2002). "Origin and Evolution of the Anchor Clock Escapement". Control Systems Magazine. 22 (2). Inst. of Electrical and Electronic Engineers: 41. Bibcode:2002ICSys..22b..41H. doi:10.1109/37.993314. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009. Retrieved 2007-06-06.

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Hall, E.T. (June 1996). "The Littlemore Clock". Horological Science. Nat'l Assoc. of Watch and Clock Collectors. pp. fig. 7b.

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Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock". Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. Bibcode:1948BSTJ...27..510M. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. Archived from the original on 2007-05-13.
Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock". Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. Bibcode:1948BSTJ...27..510M. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17.

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Gore, Jeff; Alexander van Oudenaarden (January 15, 2009). "The Yin and Yang of Nature" (PDF). Nature. 457 (7227). MacMillan: 271–2. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..271G. doi:10.1038/457271a. PMID 19148089. S2CID 205043569. Retrieved 2009-07-22.

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Betts, Jonathan (May 22, 2008). "Expert's Statement, Case 6 (2008-09) William Hamilton Shortt regulator". Export licensing hearing, Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest. UK Museums, Libraries, and Archives Council. Archived from the original (DOC) on October 25, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-29.

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Gierszewski, Andrzej (June 29, 2023). "Rusza konkurs na nową nazwę dla rekordowego zegara z Muzeum Nauki Gdańskiej [A competition for a new name for the record clock from the Gdańsk Science Museum is starting]" (Press release) (in Polish). Gdańsk Museum. Retrieved February 11, 2024.

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Gore, Jeff; Alexander van Oudenaarden (January 15, 2009). "The Yin and Yang of Nature" (PDF). Nature. 457 (7227). MacMillan: 271–2. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..271G. doi:10.1038/457271a. PMID 19148089. S2CID 205043569. Retrieved 2009-07-22.

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"A Revolution in Timekeeping". Time and Frequency Services, NIST. April 30, 2002. Archived from the original on 2007-05-28. Retrieved 2007-05-29.

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Sullivan, D.B. (2001). "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF). 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-27.

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Guilbaud, Gérard. "Genève [Geneva]" (in French). Patrimoine-Horloge. Retrieved February 11, 2024.

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"Pendulum Clock". The Galileo Project. Rice Univ. Retrieved 2007-12-03.

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"Huygens' Clocks". Stories. Science Museum, London, UK. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
A modern reconstruction can be seen at "Pendulum clock designed by Galileo, Item #1883-29". Time Measurement. Science Museum, London, UK. Archived from the original on 2007-10-24. Retrieved 2007-11-14.

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Gore, Jeff; Alexander van Oudenaarden (January 15, 2009). "The Yin and Yang of Nature" (PDF). Nature. 457 (7227). MacMillan: 271–2. Bibcode:2009Natur.457..271G. doi:10.1038/457271a. PMID 19148089. S2CID 205043569. Retrieved 2009-07-22.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Kennedy, Maev (May 7, 2003). "Scientist's historic clock collection for sale". The Guardian. London: Scott Trust Ltd. Retrieved March 18, 2017.

timezone.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Arnstein, Walt. "The Gravity Pendulum and its Horological Quirks". Community Articles. Timezone.com website. Retrieved 2011-04-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock". Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. Bibcode:1948BSTJ...27..510M. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. Archived from the original on 2007-05-13.
"Huygens' Clocks". Stories. Science Museum, London, UK. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
A modern reconstruction can be seen at "Pendulum clock designed by Galileo, Item #1883-29". Time Measurement. Science Museum, London, UK. Archived from the original on 2007-10-24. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
Bennet, Matthew; et al. (2002). "Huygens' Clocks" (PDF). Georgia Institute of Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-10. Retrieved 2007-12-04., p.3, also published in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A 458, 563–579
Headrick, Michael (2002). "Origin and Evolution of the Anchor Clock Escapement". Control Systems Magazine. 22 (2). Inst. of Electrical and Electronic Engineers: 41. Bibcode:2002ICSys..22b..41H. doi:10.1109/37.993314. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
"A Revolution in Timekeeping". Time and Frequency Services, NIST. April 30, 2002. Archived from the original on 2007-05-28. Retrieved 2007-05-29.
Sullivan, D.B. (2001). "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF). 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-27.
Marrison, Warren (1948). "The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Clock". Bell System Technical Journal. 27 (3): 510–588. Bibcode:1948BSTJ...27..510M. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01343.x. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17.
Betts, Jonathan (May 22, 2008). "Expert's Statement, Case 6 (2008-09) William Hamilton Shortt regulator". Export licensing hearing, Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest. UK Museums, Libraries, and Archives Council. Archived from the original (DOC) on October 25, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-29.

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Fedchenko, F. M. (July–August 1957). "Astronomical clock AChF-1 with isochronous pendulum". Soviet Astronomy. 1 (5). Soviet Academy of Sciences: 637–647. ISSN 1063-7729. Retrieved 19 September 2025. archived: NASA Astronomical Data System

Pendulum clock (English Wikipedia)

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