Permafrost (English Wikipedia)

Robinson, S.D.; et al. (2003). "Permafrost and peatland carbon sink capacity with increasing latitude". In Phillips; et al. (eds.). Permafrost (PDF) (Report). Swets & Zeitlinger. pp. 965–970. ISBN 90-5809-582-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

awi.de

epic.awi.de

Overduin, P. P.; Schneider von Deimling, T.; Miesner, F.; Grigoriev, M. N.; Ruppel, C.; Vasiliev, A.; Lantuit, H.; Juhls, B.; Westermann, S. (17 April 2019). "Submarine Permafrost Map in the Arctic Modeled Using 1-D Transient Heat Flux (SuPerMAP)" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 124 (6): 3490–3507. Bibcode:2019JGRC..124.3490O. doi:10.1029/2018JC014675. hdl:1912/24566. S2CID 146331663.

books.google.com

Brown, Roger J.E.; Péwé, Troy L. (1973). "Distribution of permafrost in North America and its relationship to the environment: A review, 1963–1973". Permafrost: North American Contribution – Second International Conference. 2: 71–100. ISBN 978-0-309-02115-9.
Mackay, J. Ross (1973). Problems in the origins of massive icy beds, Western Arctic, Canada. Permafrost: North American Contribution – Second International Conference. Vol. 2. pp. 223–228. ISBN 978-0-309-02115-9.
Shumskiy, P.A.; Vtyurin, B.I. (1963). Underground ice. Permafrost International Conference. pp. 108–113.
Fang, Hsai-Yang (31 December 1990). Foundation Engineering Handbook. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 735. ISBN 978-0-412-98891-2.
Sanger, Frederick J.; Hyde, Peter J. (1 January 1978). Permafrost: Second International Conference, July 13–28, 1973 : USSR Contribution. National Academies. p. 786. ISBN 978-0-309-02746-5.
Clarke, Edwin S. (2007). Permafrost Foundations—State of the Practice. Monograph Series. American Society of Civil Engineers. ISBN 978-0-7844-0947-3.
Woods, Kenneth B. (1966). Permafrost International Conference: Proceedings. National Academies. pp. 418–57.
Huissteden, J. van (2020). Thawing Permafrost: Permafrost Carbon in a Warming Arctic. Springer Nature. p. 296. ISBN 978-3-030-31379-1.
Muller, Siemon William (1947). Permafrost. Or, Permanently Frozen Ground and Related Engineering Problems. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Edwards. ISBN 978-0-598-53858-1. OCLC 1646047.

capitalcityweekly.com

Rozell, Ned (18 November 2009). "Permafrost near equator; hummingbirds near subarctic". Capitol City Weekly. Juneau, Alaska. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018.

climateactiontracker.org

"The CAT Thermometer". Retrieved 25 April 2023.

climatechange2013.org

IPCC: Table SPM-2, in: Summary for Policymakers (archived 16 July 2014), in: IPCC AR5 WG1 2013, p. 21

climatetippingpoints.info

Armstrong McKay, David (9 September 2022). "Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points – paper explainer". climatetippingpoints.info. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

core.ac.uk

Malde, Harold E. (1 March 1964). "Patterned Ground in the Western Snake River Plain, Idaho, and Its Possible Cold-Climate Origin" (PDF). Geological Society of America Bulletin. 75 (3): 191–208. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[191:PGITWS]2.0.CO;2.
Trombotto, Dario (17 December 2001). "Inventory of fossil cryogenic forms and structures in Patagonia and the mountains of Argentina beyond the Andes" (PDF). South African Journal of Science. 98: 171–180.

doi.org

Cooper, M. G.; Zhou, T.; Bennett, K. E.; Bolton, W. R.; Coon, E. T.; Fleming, S. W.; Rowland, J. C.; Schwenk, J. (4 January 2023). "Detecting Permafrost Active Layer Thickness Change From Nonlinear Baseflow Recession". Water Resources Research. 57 (1): e2022WR033154. Bibcode:2023WRR....5933154C. doi:10.1029/2022WR033154. S2CID 255639677.
Obu, J. (2021). "How Much of the Earth's Surface is Underlain by Permafrost?". Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 126 (5): e2021JF006123. Bibcode:2021JGRF..12606123O. doi:10.1029/2021JF006123.
Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara; Abbott, Benjamin W; Thornton, Brett F; Frederick, Jennifer M; Vonk, Jorien E; Overduin, Paul; Schädel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A G; Bourbonnais, Annie; Demidov, Nikita; Gavrilov, Anatoly (22 December 2020). "Subsea permafrost carbon stocks and climate change sensitivity estimated by expert assessment". Environmental Research Letters. 15 (12): B027-08. Bibcode:2020AGUFMB027...08S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abcc29. S2CID 234515282.
Koven, Charles D.; Ringeval, Bruno; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Ciais, Philippe; Cadule, Patricia; Khvorostyanov, Dmitry; Krinner, Gerhard; Tarnocai, Charles (6 September 2011). "Permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks accelerate global warming". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (36): 14769–14774. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10814769K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1103910108. PMC 3169129. PMID 21852573.
Galera, L. A.; Eckhardt, T.; Beer C., Pfeiffer E.-M.; Knoblauch, C. (22 March 2023). "Ratio of in situ CO2 to CH4 production and its environmental controls in polygonal tundra soils of Samoylov Island, Northeastern Siberia". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 128 (4): e2022JG006956. Bibcode:2023JGRG..12806956G. doi:10.1029/2022JG006956. S2CID 257700504.
Schuur, Edward A.G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon, Verity; Schädel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt (2022). "Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 47: 343–371. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847. S2CID 252986002.
Nelson, F. E.; Anisimov, O. A.; Shiklomanov, N. I. (1 July 2002). "Climate Change and Hazard Zonation in the Circum-Arctic Permafrost Regions". Natural Hazards. 26 (3): 203–225. doi:10.1023/A:1015612918401. S2CID 35672358.
Hjort, Jan; Streletskiy, Dmitry; Doré, Guy; Wu, Qingbai; Bjella, Kevin; Luoto, Miska (11 January 2022). "Impacts of permafrost degradation on infrastructure". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 24–38. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3...24H. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00247-8. hdl:10138/344541. S2CID 245917456.
Langer, Morit; Schneider von Deimling, Thomas; Westermann, Sebastian; Rolph, Rebecca; Rutte, Ralph; Antonova, Sofia; Rachold, Volker; Schultz, Michael; Oehme, Alexander; Grosse, Guido (28 March 2023). "Thawing permafrost poses environmental threat to thousands of sites with legacy industrial contamination". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 1721. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.1721L. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37276-4. PMC 10050325. PMID 36977724.
Schaefer, Kevin; Elshorbany, Yasin; Jafarov, Elchin; Schuster, Paul F.; Striegl, Robert G.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Sunderland, Elsie M. (16 September 2020). "Potential impacts of mercury released from thawing permafrost". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4650. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4650S. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18398-5. PMC 7494925. PMID 32938932.
Miner, Kimberley R.; D'Andrilli, Juliana; Mackelprang, Rachel; Edwards, Arwyn; Malaska, Michael J.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Miller, Charles E. (30 September 2021). "Emergent biogeochemical risks from Arctic permafrost degradation". Nature Climate Change. 11 (1): 809–819. Bibcode:2021NatCC..11..809M. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01162-y. S2CID 238234156.
Alempic, Jean-Marie; Lartigue, Audrey; Goncharov, Artemiy; Grosse, Guido; Strauss, Jens; Tikhonov, Alexey N.; Fedorov, Alexander N.; Poirot, Olivier; Legendre, Matthieu; Santini, Sébastien; Abergel, Chantal; Claverie, Jean-Michel (18 February 2023). "An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost". Viruses. 15 (2): 564. doi:10.3390/v15020564. PMC 9958942. PMID 36851778.
Wu, Rachel; Trubl, Gareth; Tas, Neslihan; Jansson, Janet K. (15 April 2022). "Permafrost as a potential pathogen reservoir". One Earth. 5 (4): 351–360. Bibcode:2022OEart...5..351W. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.03.010. S2CID 248208195.
Zhang, Caiyun; Douglas, Thomas A.; Anderson, John E. (27 July 2021). "Modeling and mapping permafrost active layer thickness using field measurements and remote sensing techniques". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 102. Bibcode:2021IJAEO.10202455Z. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2021.102455.
Li, Chuanhua; Wei, Yufei; Liu, Yunfan; Li, Liangliang; Peng, Lixiao; Chen, Jiahao; Liu, Lihui; Dou, Tianbao; Wu, Xiaodong (14 June 2022). "Active Layer Thickness in the Northern Hemisphere: Changes From 2000 to 2018 and Future Simulations". JGR Atmospheres. 127 (12): e2022JD036785. Bibcode:2022JGRD..12736785L. doi:10.1029/2022JD036785. S2CID 249696017.
Luo, Dongliang; Wu, Qingbai; Jin, Huijun; Marchenko, Sergey S.; Lü, Lanzhi; Gao, Siru (26 March 2016). "Recent changes in the active layer thickness across the northern hemisphere". Environmental Earth Sciences. 75 (7): 555. Bibcode:2016EES....75..555L. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-5229-2. S2CID 130353989.
Lacelle, Denis; Fisher, David A.; Verret, Marjolaine; Pollard, Wayne (17 February 2022). "Improved prediction of the vertical distribution of ground ice in Arctic-Antarctic permafrost sediments". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (31): 31. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3...31L. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00367-z. S2CID 246872753.
Brown, J.; Ferrians Jr., O. J.; Heginbottom, J. A.; Melnikov, E. S. (1997). Circum-Arctic map of permafrost and ground-ice conditions (Report). USGS. doi:10.3133/cp45.
Heginbottom, J. Alan; Brown, Jerry; Humlum, Ole; Svensson, Harald (2012). State of the Earth's Cryosphere at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Glaciers, Global Snow Cover, Floating Ice, and Permafrost and Periglacial Environments (PDF) (Report). USGS. doi:10.3133/pp1386A.
Delisle, G. (10 May 2007). "Near-surface permafrost degradation: How severe during the 21st century?". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (L09503): 4. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..34.9503D. doi:10.1029/2007GL029323.
Majorowicz, Jacek (28 December 2012). "Permafrost at the ice base of recent pleistocene glaciations – Inferences from borehole temperatures profiles". Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series. Physical Geography Series. 5: 7–28. doi:10.2478/v10250-012-0001-x.
Bockheim, James G.; Munroe, Jeffrey S. (November 2014). "Organic Carbon Pools and Genesis of Alpine Soils with Permafrost: A Review". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 46 (4): 987–1006. Bibcode:2014AAAR...46..987B. doi:10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.987. S2CID 53400041.
Campbell, Iain B.; Claridge, Graeme G. C. (2009). "Antarctic Permafrost Soils". In Margesin, Rosa (ed.). Permafrost Soils. Soil Biology. Vol. 16. Berlin: Springer. pp. 17–31. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69371-0_2. ISBN 978-3-540-69370-3.
Haeberli, Wilfried; Noetzli, Jeannette; Arenson, Lukas; Delaloye, Reynald; Gärtner-Roer, Isabelle; Gruber, Stephan; Isaksen, Ketil; Kneisel, Christof; Krautblatter, Michael; Phillips, Marcia (2010). "Mountain permafrost: development and challenges of a young research field". Journal of Glaciology. 56 (200). Cambridge University Press: 1043–1058. Bibcode:2010JGlac..56.1043H. doi:10.3189/002214311796406121. S2CID 33659636.
Osterkamp, T. E. (2001). "Sub-Sea Permafrost". Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences. pp. 2902–12. doi:10.1006/rwos.2001.0008. ISBN 978-0-12-227430-5.
Fox-Kemper, B.; Hewitt, H.T.; Xiao, C.; Aðalgeirsdóttir, G.; Drijfhout, S.S.; Edwards, T.L.; Golledge, N.R.; Hemer, M.; Kopp, R.E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S.L.; Péan, C.; Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). "Chapter 5: Global Carbon and other Biogeochemical Cycles and Feedbacks" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: 5. doi:10.1017/9781009157896.011. It is very unlikely that gas clathrates (mostly methane) in deeper terrestrial permafrost and subsea clathrates will lead to a detectable departure from the emissions trajectory during this century.
Sidorchuk, Aleksey; Borisova, Olga; Panin, Andrey (20 February 2001). "Fluvial response to the late Valdai/Holocene environmental change on the East European plain" (PDF). Quaternary International. 118–119 (1–4): 13–22. Bibcode:2001GPC....28..303S. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00081-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2013.
Ono, Yugo; Irino, Tomohisa (16 September 2003). "Southern migration of westerlies in the Northern Hemisphere PEP II transect during the Last Glacial Maximum". Quaternary International. 118–119: 13–22. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00128-9.
Malde, Harold E. (1 March 1964). "Patterned Ground in the Western Snake River Plain, Idaho, and Its Possible Cold-Climate Origin" (PDF). Geological Society of America Bulletin. 75 (3): 191–208. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1964)75[191:PGITWS]2.0.CO;2.
Grab, Stefan (17 December 2001). "Characteristics and palaeoenvironmental significance of relict sorted patterned ground, Drakensberg plateau, southern Africa". Quaternary Science Reviews. 21 (14–15): 1729–1744. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00149-4.
Davies, J.H.; Davies, D.R. (22 February 2010). "Earth's surface heat flux". Solid Earth. 1 (1): 5–24. Bibcode:2010SolE....1....5D. doi:10.5194/se-1-5-2010.
Coulombe, Stephanie; Fortier, Daniel; Lacelle, Denis; Kanevskiy, Mikhail; Shur, Yuri (11 January 2019). "Origin, burial and preservation of late Pleistocene-age glacier ice in Arctic permafrost (Bylot Island, NU, Canada)". The Cryosphere. 13 (1): 97–111. Bibcode:2019TCry...13...97C. doi:10.5194/tc-13-97-2019.
French, H.M. (26 January 2007). "5". The Periglacial Environment (3 ed.). Chichester: Wiley. pp. 83–115. doi:10.1002/9781118684931.ch5. ISBN 978-1-118-68493-1.
Mackay, J.R.; Dallimore, S.R. (1992). "Massive ice of Tuktoyaktuk area, Western Arctic coast, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 29 (6): 1234–1242. Bibcode:1992CaJES..29.1235M. doi:10.1139/e92-099.
Murton, J. B.; Whiteman, C. A.; Waller, R. I.; Pollard, W. H.; Clark, I. D.; Dallimore, S. R. (12 August 2004). "Basal ice facies and supraglacial melt-out till of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada". Quaternary Science Reviews. 24 (5–6): 681–708. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00149-4.
Coulombe, Stephanie; Fortier, Daniel; Bouchard, Frédéric; Paquette, Michel; Charbonneau, Simon; Lacelle, Denis; Laurion, Isabelle; Pienitz, Reinhard (19 July 2022). "Contrasted geomorphological and limnological properties of thermokarst lakes formed in buried glacier ice and ice-wedge polygon terrain". The Cryosphere. 16 (7): 2837–2857. Bibcode:2022TCry...16.2837C. doi:10.5194/tc-16-2837-2022.
Astakhov, Valery I.; Isayeva, Lia L. (1988). "The 'Ice Hill': An example of 'retarded deglaciation' in siberia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 7 (1): 29–40. Bibcode:1988QSRv....7...29A. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(88)90091-1.
French, H. M.; Harry, D. G. (1990). "Observations on buried glacier ice and massive segregated ice, western arctic coast, Canada". Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 1 (1): 31–43. doi:10.1002/ppp.3430010105.
Black, Robert F. (1976). "Periglacial Features Indicative of Permafrost: Ice and Soil Wedges". Quaternary Research. 6 (1): 3–26. Bibcode:1976QuRes...6....3B. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90037-5. S2CID 128393192.
Kessler, M. A.; Werner, B. T. (17 January 2003). "Self-organization of sorted patterned ground". Science. 299 (5605): 380–383. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..380K. doi:10.1126/science.1077309. PMID 12532013. S2CID 27238820.
Li, Dongfeng; Overeem, Irina; Kettner, Albert J.; Zhou, Yinjun; Lu, Xixi (February 2021). "Air Temperature Regulates Erodible Landscape, Water, and Sediment Fluxes in the Permafrost-Dominated Catchment on the Tibetan Plateau". Water Resources Research. 57 (2): e2020WR028193. Bibcode:2021WRR....5728193L. doi:10.1029/2020WR028193. S2CID 234044271.
Zhang, Ting; Li, Dongfeng; Kettner, Albert J.; Zhou, Yinjun; Lu, Xixi (October 2021). "Constraining Dynamic Sediment-Discharge Relationships in Cold Environments: The Sediment-Availability-Transport (SAT) Model". Water Resources Research. 57 (10): e2021WR030690. Bibcode:2021WRR....5730690Z. doi:10.1029/2021WR030690. S2CID 242360211.
Kujala, Kauko; Seppälä, Matti; Holappa, Teuvo (2008). "Physical properties of peat and palsa formation". Cold Regions Science and Technology. 52 (3): 408–414. Bibcode:2008CRST...52..408K. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.08.002. ISSN 0165-232X.
Hansen; et al. (2007). "Viability, diversity and composition of the bacterial community in a high Arctic permafrost soil from Spitsbergen, Northern Norway". Environmental Microbiology. 9 (11): 2870–2884. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01403.x. PMID 17922769.
Yergeau; et al. (2010). "The functional potential of high Arctic permafrost revealed by metagenomic sequencing, qPCR and microarray analyses". The ISME Journal. 4 (9): 1206–1214. doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.41. PMID 20393573.
McGuire, A.D.; Anderson, L.G.; Christensen, T.R.; Dallimore, S.; Guo, L.; Hayes, D.J.; Heimann, M.; Lorenson, T.D.; Macdonald, R.W.; Roulet, N. (2009). "Sensitivity of the carbon cycle in the Arctic to climate change". Ecological Monographs. 79 (4): 523–555. doi:10.1890/08-2025.1. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-000E-D87B-C. S2CID 1779296.
Kudryashova, E. B.; Chernousova, E. Yu.; Suzina, N. E.; Ariskina, E. V.; Gilichinsky, D. A. (1 May 2013). "Microbial diversity of Late Pleistocene Siberian permafrost samples". Microbiology. 82 (3): 341–351. doi:10.1134/S0026261713020082. S2CID 2645648.
Frey, Beat; Rime, Thomas; Phillips, Marcia; Stierli, Beat; Hajdas, Irka; Widmer, Franco; Hartmann, Martin (March 2016). Margesin, Rosa (ed.). "Microbial diversity in European alpine permafrost and active layers". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 92 (3): fiw018. doi:10.1093/femsec/fiw018. PMID 26832204.
Overduin, P. P.; Schneider von Deimling, T.; Miesner, F.; Grigoriev, M. N.; Ruppel, C.; Vasiliev, A.; Lantuit, H.; Juhls, B.; Westermann, S. (17 April 2019). "Submarine Permafrost Map in the Arctic Modeled Using 1-D Transient Heat Flux (SuPerMAP)" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 124 (6): 3490–3507. Bibcode:2019JGRC..124.3490O. doi:10.1029/2018JC014675. hdl:1912/24566. S2CID 146331663.
Hugelius, Gustaf; Loisel, Julie; Chadburn, Sarah; et al. (10 August 2020). "Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (34): 20438–20446. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11720438H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1916387117. PMC 7456150. PMID 32778585.
Natali, Susan M.; Holdren, John P.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Treharne, Rachael; Duffy, Philip B.; Pomerance, Rafe; MacDonald, Erin (10 December 2020). "Permafrost carbon feedbacks threaten global climate goals". Biological Sciences. 118 (21). doi:10.1073/pnas.2100163118. PMC 8166174. PMID 34001617.
Armstrong McKay, David; Abrams, Jesse; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Sakschewski, Boris; Loriani, Sina; Fetzer, Ingo; Cornell, Sarah; Rockström, Johan; Staal, Arie; Lenton, Timothy (9 September 2022). "Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points". Science. 377 (6611): eabn7950. doi:10.1126/science.abn7950. hdl:10871/131584. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36074831. S2CID 252161375.
Tarnocai, C.; Canadell, J.G.; Schuur, E.A.G.; Kuhry, P.; Mazhitova, G.; Zimov, S. (June 2009). "Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 23 (2): GB2023. Bibcode:2009GBioC..23.2023T. doi:10.1029/2008gb003327.
Schuur; et al. (2011). "High risk of permafrost thaw". Nature. 480 (7375): 32–33. Bibcode:2011Natur.480...32S. doi:10.1038/480032a. PMID 22129707. S2CID 4412175.
Bockheim, J.G. & Hinkel, K.M. (2007). "The importance of "Deep" organic carbon in permafrost-affected soils of Arctic Alaska". Soil Science Society of America Journal. 71 (6): 1889–92. Bibcode:2007SSASJ..71.1889B. doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0070N. Archived from the original on 17 July 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
Nowinski NS, Taneva L, Trumbore SE, Welker JM (January 2010). "Decomposition of old organic matter as a result of deeper active layers in a snow depth manipulation experiment". Oecologia. 163 (3): 785–92. Bibcode:2010Oecol.163..785N. doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1556-x. PMC 2886135. PMID 20084398.
Allen, Robert J.; Zhao, Xueying; Randles, Cynthia A.; Kramer, Ryan J.; Samset, Bjørn H.; Smith, Christopher J. (16 March 2023). "Surface warming and wetting due to methane's long-wave radiative effects muted by short-wave absorption". Nature Geoscience. 16 (4): 314–320. Bibcode:2023NatGe..16..314A. doi:10.1038/s41561-023-01144-z. S2CID 257595431.
Miner, Kimberley R.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Malina, Edward; Bartsch, Annett; Tamminen, Johanna; McGuire, A. David; Fix, Andreas; Sweeney, Colm; Elder, Clayton D.; Miller, Charles E. (11 January 2022). "Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 13 (1): 55–67. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3...55M. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00230-3. S2CID 245917526.
Dyke, Larry D.; Sladen, Wendy E. (3 December 2010). "Permafrost and Peatland Evolution in the Northern Hudson Bay Lowland, Manitoba". Arctic. 63 (4): 429–441. doi:10.14430/arctic3332.
Estop-Aragonés, Cristian; Czimczik, Claudia I; Heffernan, Liam; Gibson, Carolyn; Walker, Jennifer C; Xu, Xiaomei; Olefeldt, David (13 August 2018). "Respiration of aged soil carbon during fall in permafrost peatlands enhanced by active layer deepening following wildfire but limited following thermokarst". Environmental Research Letters. 13 (8). Bibcode:2018ERL....13h5002E. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aad5f0. S2CID 158857491.
Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Scheffer, Marten; Lade, Steven J.; Fetzer, Ingo; Donges, Jonathan F.; Crucifix, Michel; Cornell, Sarah E.; Barnosky, Anthony D. (2018). "Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (33): 8252–8259. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.8252S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1810141115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6099852. PMID 30082409.
Li, Dongfeng; Lu, Xixi; Overeem, Irina; Walling, Desmond E.; Syvitski, Jaia; Kettner, Albert J.; Bookhagen, Bodo; Zhou, Yinjun; Zhang, Ting (29 October 2021). "Exceptional increases in fluvial sediment fluxes in a warmer and wetter High Mountain Asia". Science. 374 (6567): 599–603. Bibcode:2021Sci...374..599L. doi:10.1126/science.abi9649. PMID 34709922. S2CID 240152765.
Koven, Charles D.; Riley, William J.; Stern, Alex (1 October 2012). "Analysis of Permafrost Thermal Dynamics and Response to Climate Change in the CMIP5 Earth System Models". Journal of Climate. 26 (6): 1877–1900. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00228.1. OSTI 1172703.
Huggel, C.; Allen, S.; Deline, P. (June 2012). "Ice thawing, mountains falling; are alpine rock slope failures increasing?". Geology Today. 28 (3): 98–104. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2012.00836.x. S2CID 128619284.
Temme, Arnaud J. A. M. (2015). "Using Climber's Guidebooks to Assess Rock Fall Patterns Over Large Spatial and Decadal Temporal Scales: An Example from the Swiss Alps". Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. 97 (4): 793–807. Bibcode:2015GeAnA..97..793T. doi:10.1111/geoa.12116. S2CID 55361904.
F., Dramis; M., Govi; M., Guglielmin; G., Mortara (1 January 1995). "Mountain permafrost and slope instability in the Italian Alps: The Val Pola Landslide". Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 6 (1): 73–81. doi:10.1002/ppp.3430060108.
Catastrophic Landslides: Effects, Occurrence, and Mechanisms. Reviews in Engineering Geology. Vol. 15. 2002. doi:10.1130/REG15. ISBN 0-8137-4115-7.
Daanen, Ronald; Grosse, Guido; Darrow, Margaret; Hamilton, T.; Jones, Benjamin (21 May 2012). "Rapid movement of frozen debris-lobes: Implications for permafrost degradation and slope instability in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 12 (5): 1521–1537. Bibcode:2012NHESS..12.1521D. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-1521-2012.
Darrow, Margaret M.; Gyswyt, Nora L.; Simpson, Jocelyn M.; Daanen, Ronald P.; Hubbard, Trent D. (12 May 2016). "Frozen debris lobe morphology and movement: an overview of eight dynamic features, southern Brooks Range, Alaska". The Cryosphere. 10 (3): 977–993. Bibcode:2016TCry...10..977D. doi:10.5194/tc-10-977-2016.
Hjort, Jan; Karjalainen, Olli; Aalto, Juha; Westermann, Sebastian; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Nelson, Frederick E.; Etzelmüller, Bernd; Luoto, Miska (11 December 2018). "Degrading permafrost puts Arctic infrastructure at risk by mid-century". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 5147. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.5147H. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4. PMC 6289964. PMID 30538247.
Ramage, Justine; Jungsberg, Leneisja; Wang, Shinan; Westermann, Sebastian; Lantuit, Hugues; Heleniak, Timothy (6 January 2021). "Population living on permafrost in the Arctic". Population and Environment. 43: 22–38. doi:10.1007/s11111-020-00370-6. S2CID 254938760.
Melvin, April M.; Larsen, Peter; Boehlert, Brent; Neumann, James E.; Chinowsky, Paul; Espinet, Xavier; Martinich, Jeremy; Baumann, Matthew S.; Rennels, Lisa; Bothner, Alexandra; Nicolsky, Dmitry J.; Marchenko, Sergey S. (26 December 2016). "Climate change damages to Alaska public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (2): E122–E131. doi:10.1073/pnas.1611056113. PMC 5240706. PMID 28028223.
Melnikov, Vladimir; Osipov, Victor; Brouchkov, Anatoly V.; Falaleeva, Arina A.; Badina, Svetlana V.; Zheleznyak, Mikhail N.; Sadurtdinov, Marat R.; Ostrakov, Nikolay A.; Drozdov, Dmitry S.; Osokin, Alexei B.; Sergeev, Dmitry O.; Dubrovin, Vladimir A.; Fedorov, Roman Yu. (24 January 2022). "Climate warming and permafrost thaw in the Russian Arctic: potential economic impacts on public infrastructure by 2050". Natural Hazards. 112: 231–251. doi:10.1007/s11069-021-05179-6. S2CID 246211747.
Ran, Youhua; Cheng, Guodong; Dong, Yuanhong; Hjort, Jan; Lovecraft, Amy Lauren; Kang, Shichang; Tan, Meibao; Li, Xin (13 October 2022). "Permafrost degradation increases risk and large future costs of infrastructure on the Third Pole". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 238. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3..238R. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00568-6. S2CID 252849121.
Sajjad, Wasim; Rafiq, Muhammad; Din, Ghufranud; Hasan, Fariha; Iqbal, Awais; Zada, Sahib; Ali, Barkat; Hayat, Muhammad; Irfan, Muhammad; Kang, Shichang (15 September 2020). "Resurrection of inactive microbes and resistome present in the natural frozen world: Reality or myth?". Science of the Total Environment. 735: 139275. Bibcode:2020ScTEn.735m9275S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139275. PMID 32480145.
Perron, Gabriel G.; Whyte, Lyle; Turnbaugh, Peter J.; Goordial, Jacqueline; Hanage, William P.; Dantas, Gautam; Desai, Michael M. Desai (25 March 2015). "Functional Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Ancient Arctic Soil Exposes Diverse Resistance Mechanisms to Modern Antibiotics". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0069533. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1069533P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069533. PMC 4373940. PMID 25807523.
Walker, H. Jesse (December 2010). "Frozen in Time. Permafrost and Engineering Problems Review". Arctic. 63 (4): 477. doi:10.14430/arctic3340.
Peskoe-Yang, Lynne (30 March 2023). "An ode to Arctic permafrost". Science. 379 (6639): 380–383. Bibcode:2023Sci...379.1306P. doi:10.1126/science.adf6999. PMID 12532013. S2CID 257836768.

dtic.mil

apps.dtic.mil

Lunardini, Virgil J. (April 1995). Permafrost Formation Time. CRREL Report 95-8 (Report). Hanover NH: US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. DTIC ADA295515.
"C. E Heuer, "The Application of Heat Pipes on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline" Special Report 79-26, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Sept. 1979" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.

escholarship.org

Koven, Charles D.; Riley, William J.; Stern, Alex (1 October 2012). "Analysis of Permafrost Thermal Dynamics and Response to Climate Change in the CMIP5 Earth System Models". Journal of Climate. 26 (6): 1877–1900. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00228.1. OSTI 1172703.

fdlalaska.org

"FDL: Frozen Debris Lobes". University of Alaska Fairbanks. FDLs. 7 January 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2022.

fluvial-systems.net

Sidorchuk, Aleksey; Borisova, Olga; Panin, Andrey (20 February 2001). "Fluvial response to the late Valdai/Holocene environmental change on the East European plain" (PDF). Quaternary International. 118–119 (1–4): 13–22. Bibcode:2001GPC....28..303S. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00081-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2013.

ft.com

Max Seddon (4 June 2020). "Siberia fuel spill threatens Moscow's Arctic ambitions". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.

gatech.edu

curry.eas.gatech.edu

Osterkamp, T.E.; Burn, C.R. (2003). "Permafrost". In North, Gerald R.; Pyle, John A.; Zhang, Fuqing (eds.). Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (PDF). Vol. 4. Elsevier. pp. 1717–1729. ISBN 978-0-12-382226-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.

geocriologia.com.ar

Ruiz, Lucas; Liaudat, Dario Trombotto (2012). Mountain Permafrost Distribution in the Andes of Chubut (Argentina) Based on a Statistical Model (PDF) (Report). Tenth International Conference on Permafrost. Mendoza, Argentina: Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. pp. 365–370. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.

ghostarchive.org

Max Seddon (4 June 2020). "Siberia fuel spill threatens Moscow's Arctic ambitions". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Hjort, Jan; Streletskiy, Dmitry; Doré, Guy; Wu, Qingbai; Bjella, Kevin; Luoto, Miska (11 January 2022). "Impacts of permafrost degradation on infrastructure". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 24–38. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3...24H. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00247-8. hdl:10138/344541. S2CID 245917456.
Azocar, Guillermo (2 January 2014). Modeling of Permafrost Distribution in the Semi-arid Chilean Andes (Thesis). hdl:10012/8109.
McGuire, A.D.; Anderson, L.G.; Christensen, T.R.; Dallimore, S.; Guo, L.; Hayes, D.J.; Heimann, M.; Lorenson, T.D.; Macdonald, R.W.; Roulet, N. (2009). "Sensitivity of the carbon cycle in the Arctic to climate change". Ecological Monographs. 79 (4): 523–555. doi:10.1890/08-2025.1. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-000E-D87B-C. S2CID 1779296.
Overduin, P. P.; Schneider von Deimling, T.; Miesner, F.; Grigoriev, M. N.; Ruppel, C.; Vasiliev, A.; Lantuit, H.; Juhls, B.; Westermann, S. (17 April 2019). "Submarine Permafrost Map in the Arctic Modeled Using 1-D Transient Heat Flux (SuPerMAP)" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 124 (6): 3490–3507. Bibcode:2019JGRC..124.3490O. doi:10.1029/2018JC014675. hdl:1912/24566. S2CID 146331663.
Armstrong McKay, David; Abrams, Jesse; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Sakschewski, Boris; Loriani, Sina; Fetzer, Ingo; Cornell, Sarah; Rockström, Johan; Staal, Arie; Lenton, Timothy (9 September 2022). "Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points". Science. 377 (6611): eabn7950. doi:10.1126/science.abn7950. hdl:10871/131584. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36074831. S2CID 252161375.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cooper, M. G.; Zhou, T.; Bennett, K. E.; Bolton, W. R.; Coon, E. T.; Fleming, S. W.; Rowland, J. C.; Schwenk, J. (4 January 2023). "Detecting Permafrost Active Layer Thickness Change From Nonlinear Baseflow Recession". Water Resources Research. 57 (1): e2022WR033154. Bibcode:2023WRR....5933154C. doi:10.1029/2022WR033154. S2CID 255639677.
Obu, J. (2021). "How Much of the Earth's Surface is Underlain by Permafrost?". Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 126 (5): e2021JF006123. Bibcode:2021JGRF..12606123O. doi:10.1029/2021JF006123.
Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara; Abbott, Benjamin W; Thornton, Brett F; Frederick, Jennifer M; Vonk, Jorien E; Overduin, Paul; Schädel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A G; Bourbonnais, Annie; Demidov, Nikita; Gavrilov, Anatoly (22 December 2020). "Subsea permafrost carbon stocks and climate change sensitivity estimated by expert assessment". Environmental Research Letters. 15 (12): B027-08. Bibcode:2020AGUFMB027...08S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abcc29. S2CID 234515282.
Koven, Charles D.; Ringeval, Bruno; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Ciais, Philippe; Cadule, Patricia; Khvorostyanov, Dmitry; Krinner, Gerhard; Tarnocai, Charles (6 September 2011). "Permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks accelerate global warming". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (36): 14769–14774. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10814769K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1103910108. PMC 3169129. PMID 21852573.
Galera, L. A.; Eckhardt, T.; Beer C., Pfeiffer E.-M.; Knoblauch, C. (22 March 2023). "Ratio of in situ CO2 to CH4 production and its environmental controls in polygonal tundra soils of Samoylov Island, Northeastern Siberia". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 128 (4): e2022JG006956. Bibcode:2023JGRG..12806956G. doi:10.1029/2022JG006956. S2CID 257700504.
Hjort, Jan; Streletskiy, Dmitry; Doré, Guy; Wu, Qingbai; Bjella, Kevin; Luoto, Miska (11 January 2022). "Impacts of permafrost degradation on infrastructure". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 24–38. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3...24H. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00247-8. hdl:10138/344541. S2CID 245917456.
Langer, Morit; Schneider von Deimling, Thomas; Westermann, Sebastian; Rolph, Rebecca; Rutte, Ralph; Antonova, Sofia; Rachold, Volker; Schultz, Michael; Oehme, Alexander; Grosse, Guido (28 March 2023). "Thawing permafrost poses environmental threat to thousands of sites with legacy industrial contamination". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 1721. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.1721L. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37276-4. PMC 10050325. PMID 36977724.
Schaefer, Kevin; Elshorbany, Yasin; Jafarov, Elchin; Schuster, Paul F.; Striegl, Robert G.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Sunderland, Elsie M. (16 September 2020). "Potential impacts of mercury released from thawing permafrost". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4650. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4650S. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18398-5. PMC 7494925. PMID 32938932.
Miner, Kimberley R.; D'Andrilli, Juliana; Mackelprang, Rachel; Edwards, Arwyn; Malaska, Michael J.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Miller, Charles E. (30 September 2021). "Emergent biogeochemical risks from Arctic permafrost degradation". Nature Climate Change. 11 (1): 809–819. Bibcode:2021NatCC..11..809M. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01162-y. S2CID 238234156.
Wu, Rachel; Trubl, Gareth; Tas, Neslihan; Jansson, Janet K. (15 April 2022). "Permafrost as a potential pathogen reservoir". One Earth. 5 (4): 351–360. Bibcode:2022OEart...5..351W. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.03.010. S2CID 248208195.
Zhang, Caiyun; Douglas, Thomas A.; Anderson, John E. (27 July 2021). "Modeling and mapping permafrost active layer thickness using field measurements and remote sensing techniques". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 102. Bibcode:2021IJAEO.10202455Z. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2021.102455.
Li, Chuanhua; Wei, Yufei; Liu, Yunfan; Li, Liangliang; Peng, Lixiao; Chen, Jiahao; Liu, Lihui; Dou, Tianbao; Wu, Xiaodong (14 June 2022). "Active Layer Thickness in the Northern Hemisphere: Changes From 2000 to 2018 and Future Simulations". JGR Atmospheres. 127 (12): e2022JD036785. Bibcode:2022JGRD..12736785L. doi:10.1029/2022JD036785. S2CID 249696017.
Luo, Dongliang; Wu, Qingbai; Jin, Huijun; Marchenko, Sergey S.; Lü, Lanzhi; Gao, Siru (26 March 2016). "Recent changes in the active layer thickness across the northern hemisphere". Environmental Earth Sciences. 75 (7): 555. Bibcode:2016EES....75..555L. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-5229-2. S2CID 130353989.
Lacelle, Denis; Fisher, David A.; Verret, Marjolaine; Pollard, Wayne (17 February 2022). "Improved prediction of the vertical distribution of ground ice in Arctic-Antarctic permafrost sediments". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (31): 31. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3...31L. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00367-z. S2CID 246872753.
Delisle, G. (10 May 2007). "Near-surface permafrost degradation: How severe during the 21st century?". Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (L09503): 4. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..34.9503D. doi:10.1029/2007GL029323.
Bockheim, James G.; Munroe, Jeffrey S. (November 2014). "Organic Carbon Pools and Genesis of Alpine Soils with Permafrost: A Review". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 46 (4): 987–1006. Bibcode:2014AAAR...46..987B. doi:10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.987. S2CID 53400041.
Haeberli, Wilfried; Noetzli, Jeannette; Arenson, Lukas; Delaloye, Reynald; Gärtner-Roer, Isabelle; Gruber, Stephan; Isaksen, Ketil; Kneisel, Christof; Krautblatter, Michael; Phillips, Marcia (2010). "Mountain permafrost: development and challenges of a young research field". Journal of Glaciology. 56 (200). Cambridge University Press: 1043–1058. Bibcode:2010JGlac..56.1043H. doi:10.3189/002214311796406121. S2CID 33659636.
Sidorchuk, Aleksey; Borisova, Olga; Panin, Andrey (20 February 2001). "Fluvial response to the late Valdai/Holocene environmental change on the East European plain" (PDF). Quaternary International. 118–119 (1–4): 13–22. Bibcode:2001GPC....28..303S. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00081-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2013.
Davies, J.H.; Davies, D.R. (22 February 2010). "Earth's surface heat flux". Solid Earth. 1 (1): 5–24. Bibcode:2010SolE....1....5D. doi:10.5194/se-1-5-2010.
Coulombe, Stephanie; Fortier, Daniel; Lacelle, Denis; Kanevskiy, Mikhail; Shur, Yuri (11 January 2019). "Origin, burial and preservation of late Pleistocene-age glacier ice in Arctic permafrost (Bylot Island, NU, Canada)". The Cryosphere. 13 (1): 97–111. Bibcode:2019TCry...13...97C. doi:10.5194/tc-13-97-2019.
Mackay, J.R.; Dallimore, S.R. (1992). "Massive ice of Tuktoyaktuk area, Western Arctic coast, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 29 (6): 1234–1242. Bibcode:1992CaJES..29.1235M. doi:10.1139/e92-099.
Coulombe, Stephanie; Fortier, Daniel; Bouchard, Frédéric; Paquette, Michel; Charbonneau, Simon; Lacelle, Denis; Laurion, Isabelle; Pienitz, Reinhard (19 July 2022). "Contrasted geomorphological and limnological properties of thermokarst lakes formed in buried glacier ice and ice-wedge polygon terrain". The Cryosphere. 16 (7): 2837–2857. Bibcode:2022TCry...16.2837C. doi:10.5194/tc-16-2837-2022.
Astakhov, Valery I.; Isayeva, Lia L. (1988). "The 'Ice Hill': An example of 'retarded deglaciation' in siberia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 7 (1): 29–40. Bibcode:1988QSRv....7...29A. doi:10.1016/0277-3791(88)90091-1.
Black, Robert F. (1976). "Periglacial Features Indicative of Permafrost: Ice and Soil Wedges". Quaternary Research. 6 (1): 3–26. Bibcode:1976QuRes...6....3B. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90037-5. S2CID 128393192.
Kessler, M. A.; Werner, B. T. (17 January 2003). "Self-organization of sorted patterned ground". Science. 299 (5605): 380–383. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..380K. doi:10.1126/science.1077309. PMID 12532013. S2CID 27238820.
Li, Dongfeng; Overeem, Irina; Kettner, Albert J.; Zhou, Yinjun; Lu, Xixi (February 2021). "Air Temperature Regulates Erodible Landscape, Water, and Sediment Fluxes in the Permafrost-Dominated Catchment on the Tibetan Plateau". Water Resources Research. 57 (2): e2020WR028193. Bibcode:2021WRR....5728193L. doi:10.1029/2020WR028193. S2CID 234044271.
Zhang, Ting; Li, Dongfeng; Kettner, Albert J.; Zhou, Yinjun; Lu, Xixi (October 2021). "Constraining Dynamic Sediment-Discharge Relationships in Cold Environments: The Sediment-Availability-Transport (SAT) Model". Water Resources Research. 57 (10): e2021WR030690. Bibcode:2021WRR....5730690Z. doi:10.1029/2021WR030690. S2CID 242360211.
Kujala, Kauko; Seppälä, Matti; Holappa, Teuvo (2008). "Physical properties of peat and palsa formation". Cold Regions Science and Technology. 52 (3): 408–414. Bibcode:2008CRST...52..408K. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.08.002. ISSN 0165-232X.
Overduin, P. P.; Schneider von Deimling, T.; Miesner, F.; Grigoriev, M. N.; Ruppel, C.; Vasiliev, A.; Lantuit, H.; Juhls, B.; Westermann, S. (17 April 2019). "Submarine Permafrost Map in the Arctic Modeled Using 1-D Transient Heat Flux (SuPerMAP)" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 124 (6): 3490–3507. Bibcode:2019JGRC..124.3490O. doi:10.1029/2018JC014675. hdl:1912/24566. S2CID 146331663.
Hugelius, Gustaf; Loisel, Julie; Chadburn, Sarah; et al. (10 August 2020). "Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (34): 20438–20446. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11720438H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1916387117. PMC 7456150. PMID 32778585.
Tarnocai, C.; Canadell, J.G.; Schuur, E.A.G.; Kuhry, P.; Mazhitova, G.; Zimov, S. (June 2009). "Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 23 (2): GB2023. Bibcode:2009GBioC..23.2023T. doi:10.1029/2008gb003327.
Schuur; et al. (2011). "High risk of permafrost thaw". Nature. 480 (7375): 32–33. Bibcode:2011Natur.480...32S. doi:10.1038/480032a. PMID 22129707. S2CID 4412175.
Bockheim, J.G. & Hinkel, K.M. (2007). "The importance of "Deep" organic carbon in permafrost-affected soils of Arctic Alaska". Soil Science Society of America Journal. 71 (6): 1889–92. Bibcode:2007SSASJ..71.1889B. doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0070N. Archived from the original on 17 July 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
Nowinski NS, Taneva L, Trumbore SE, Welker JM (January 2010). "Decomposition of old organic matter as a result of deeper active layers in a snow depth manipulation experiment". Oecologia. 163 (3): 785–92. Bibcode:2010Oecol.163..785N. doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1556-x. PMC 2886135. PMID 20084398.
Allen, Robert J.; Zhao, Xueying; Randles, Cynthia A.; Kramer, Ryan J.; Samset, Bjørn H.; Smith, Christopher J. (16 March 2023). "Surface warming and wetting due to methane's long-wave radiative effects muted by short-wave absorption". Nature Geoscience. 16 (4): 314–320. Bibcode:2023NatGe..16..314A. doi:10.1038/s41561-023-01144-z. S2CID 257595431.
Miner, Kimberley R.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Malina, Edward; Bartsch, Annett; Tamminen, Johanna; McGuire, A. David; Fix, Andreas; Sweeney, Colm; Elder, Clayton D.; Miller, Charles E. (11 January 2022). "Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 13 (1): 55–67. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3...55M. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00230-3. S2CID 245917526.
Estop-Aragonés, Cristian; Czimczik, Claudia I; Heffernan, Liam; Gibson, Carolyn; Walker, Jennifer C; Xu, Xiaomei; Olefeldt, David (13 August 2018). "Respiration of aged soil carbon during fall in permafrost peatlands enhanced by active layer deepening following wildfire but limited following thermokarst". Environmental Research Letters. 13 (8). Bibcode:2018ERL....13h5002E. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aad5f0. S2CID 158857491.
Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Scheffer, Marten; Lade, Steven J.; Fetzer, Ingo; Donges, Jonathan F.; Crucifix, Michel; Cornell, Sarah E.; Barnosky, Anthony D. (2018). "Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (33): 8252–8259. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.8252S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1810141115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6099852. PMID 30082409.
Li, Dongfeng; Lu, Xixi; Overeem, Irina; Walling, Desmond E.; Syvitski, Jaia; Kettner, Albert J.; Bookhagen, Bodo; Zhou, Yinjun; Zhang, Ting (29 October 2021). "Exceptional increases in fluvial sediment fluxes in a warmer and wetter High Mountain Asia". Science. 374 (6567): 599–603. Bibcode:2021Sci...374..599L. doi:10.1126/science.abi9649. PMID 34709922. S2CID 240152765.
Temme, Arnaud J. A. M. (2015). "Using Climber's Guidebooks to Assess Rock Fall Patterns Over Large Spatial and Decadal Temporal Scales: An Example from the Swiss Alps". Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. 97 (4): 793–807. Bibcode:2015GeAnA..97..793T. doi:10.1111/geoa.12116. S2CID 55361904.
Daanen, Ronald; Grosse, Guido; Darrow, Margaret; Hamilton, T.; Jones, Benjamin (21 May 2012). "Rapid movement of frozen debris-lobes: Implications for permafrost degradation and slope instability in the south-central Brooks Range, Alaska". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 12 (5): 1521–1537. Bibcode:2012NHESS..12.1521D. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-1521-2012.
Darrow, Margaret M.; Gyswyt, Nora L.; Simpson, Jocelyn M.; Daanen, Ronald P.; Hubbard, Trent D. (12 May 2016). "Frozen debris lobe morphology and movement: an overview of eight dynamic features, southern Brooks Range, Alaska". The Cryosphere. 10 (3): 977–993. Bibcode:2016TCry...10..977D. doi:10.5194/tc-10-977-2016.
Hjort, Jan; Karjalainen, Olli; Aalto, Juha; Westermann, Sebastian; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Nelson, Frederick E.; Etzelmüller, Bernd; Luoto, Miska (11 December 2018). "Degrading permafrost puts Arctic infrastructure at risk by mid-century". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 5147. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.5147H. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4. PMC 6289964. PMID 30538247.
Ran, Youhua; Cheng, Guodong; Dong, Yuanhong; Hjort, Jan; Lovecraft, Amy Lauren; Kang, Shichang; Tan, Meibao; Li, Xin (13 October 2022). "Permafrost degradation increases risk and large future costs of infrastructure on the Third Pole". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 238. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3..238R. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00568-6. S2CID 252849121.
Sajjad, Wasim; Rafiq, Muhammad; Din, Ghufranud; Hasan, Fariha; Iqbal, Awais; Zada, Sahib; Ali, Barkat; Hayat, Muhammad; Irfan, Muhammad; Kang, Shichang (15 September 2020). "Resurrection of inactive microbes and resistome present in the natural frozen world: Reality or myth?". Science of the Total Environment. 735: 139275. Bibcode:2020ScTEn.735m9275S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139275. PMID 32480145.
Perron, Gabriel G.; Whyte, Lyle; Turnbaugh, Peter J.; Goordial, Jacqueline; Hanage, William P.; Dantas, Gautam; Desai, Michael M. Desai (25 March 2015). "Functional Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Ancient Arctic Soil Exposes Diverse Resistance Mechanisms to Modern Antibiotics". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0069533. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1069533P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069533. PMC 4373940. PMID 25807523.
Peskoe-Yang, Lynne (30 March 2023). "An ode to Arctic permafrost". Science. 379 (6639): 380–383. Bibcode:2023Sci...379.1306P. doi:10.1126/science.adf6999. PMID 12532013. S2CID 257836768.

insideclimatenews.org

Hasemyer, David (20 December 2021). "Unleashed by Warming, Underground Debris Fields Threaten to 'Crush' Alaska's Dalton Highway and the Alaska Pipeline". Inside Climate News. Retrieved 7 January 2022.

ipcc.ch

Fox-Kemper, B., H.T. Hewitt, C. Xiao, G. Aðalgeirsdóttir, S.S. Drijfhout, T.L. Edwards, N.R. Golledge, M. Hemer, R.E. Kopp, G. Krinner, A. Mix, D. Notz, S. Nowicki, I.S. Nurhati, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, A.B.A. Slangen, and Y. Yu, 2021: Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1211–1362.
Fox-Kemper, B.; Hewitt, H.T.; Xiao, C.; Aðalgeirsdóttir, G.; Drijfhout, S.S.; Edwards, T.L.; Golledge, N.R.; Hemer, M.; Kopp, R.E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S.L.; Péan, C.; Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). "Chapter 5: Global Carbon and other Biogeochemical Cycles and Feedbacks" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: 5. doi:10.1017/9781009157896.011. It is very unlikely that gas clathrates (mostly methane) in deeper terrestrial permafrost and subsea clathrates will lead to a detectable departure from the emissions trajectory during this century.
Fox-Kemper, B., H.T. Hewitt, C. Xiao, G. Aðalgeirsdóttir, S.S. Drijfhout, T.L. Edwards, N.R. Golledge, M. Hemer, R.E. Kopp, G. Krinner, A. Mix, D. Notz, S. Nowicki, I.S. Nurhati, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, A.B.A. Slangen, and Y. Yu, 2021: Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1211–1362, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.011.
Forster, Piers; Storelvmo, Trude (2021). "Chapter 7: The Earth's Energy Budget, Climate Feedbacks, and Climate Sensitivity" (PDF). IPCC AR6 WG1 2021.

jstor.org

Chu, Pei-Yi (2020). The Life of Permafrost: A History of Frozen Earth in Russian and Soviet Science. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4875-1424-2. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctv1bzfp6j.

mit.edu

climate.mit.edu

McGee, David; Gribkoff, Elizabeth (4 August 2022). "Permafrost". MIT Climate Portal. Retrieved 27 September 2023.

nature.com

Yong, Ed (3 March 2014). "Giant virus resurrected from 30,000-year-old ice". Nature. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
Miner, Kimberley R.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Malina, Edward; Bartsch, Annett; Tamminen, Johanna; McGuire, A. David; Fix, Andreas; Sweeney, Colm; Elder, Clayton D.; Miller, Charles E. (11 January 2022). "Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 13 (1): 55–67. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3...55M. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00230-3. S2CID 245917526.

newyorker.com

Joshua Yaffa (20 January 2022). "The Great Siberian Thaw". The New Yorker. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
Yaffa, Joshua (7 January 2022). "The Great Siberian Thaw". The New Yorker. Retrieved 12 January 2022.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Koven, Charles D.; Ringeval, Bruno; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Ciais, Philippe; Cadule, Patricia; Khvorostyanov, Dmitry; Krinner, Gerhard; Tarnocai, Charles (6 September 2011). "Permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks accelerate global warming". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (36): 14769–14774. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10814769K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1103910108. PMC 3169129. PMID 21852573.
Langer, Morit; Schneider von Deimling, Thomas; Westermann, Sebastian; Rolph, Rebecca; Rutte, Ralph; Antonova, Sofia; Rachold, Volker; Schultz, Michael; Oehme, Alexander; Grosse, Guido (28 March 2023). "Thawing permafrost poses environmental threat to thousands of sites with legacy industrial contamination". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 1721. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.1721L. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37276-4. PMC 10050325. PMID 36977724.
Schaefer, Kevin; Elshorbany, Yasin; Jafarov, Elchin; Schuster, Paul F.; Striegl, Robert G.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Sunderland, Elsie M. (16 September 2020). "Potential impacts of mercury released from thawing permafrost". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4650. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4650S. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18398-5. PMC 7494925. PMID 32938932.
Alempic, Jean-Marie; Lartigue, Audrey; Goncharov, Artemiy; Grosse, Guido; Strauss, Jens; Tikhonov, Alexey N.; Fedorov, Alexander N.; Poirot, Olivier; Legendre, Matthieu; Santini, Sébastien; Abergel, Chantal; Claverie, Jean-Michel (18 February 2023). "An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost". Viruses. 15 (2): 564. doi:10.3390/v15020564. PMC 9958942. PMID 36851778.
Kessler, M. A.; Werner, B. T. (17 January 2003). "Self-organization of sorted patterned ground". Science. 299 (5605): 380–383. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..380K. doi:10.1126/science.1077309. PMID 12532013. S2CID 27238820.
Hansen; et al. (2007). "Viability, diversity and composition of the bacterial community in a high Arctic permafrost soil from Spitsbergen, Northern Norway". Environmental Microbiology. 9 (11): 2870–2884. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01403.x. PMID 17922769.
Yergeau; et al. (2010). "The functional potential of high Arctic permafrost revealed by metagenomic sequencing, qPCR and microarray analyses". The ISME Journal. 4 (9): 1206–1214. doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.41. PMID 20393573.
Frey, Beat; Rime, Thomas; Phillips, Marcia; Stierli, Beat; Hajdas, Irka; Widmer, Franco; Hartmann, Martin (March 2016). Margesin, Rosa (ed.). "Microbial diversity in European alpine permafrost and active layers". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 92 (3): fiw018. doi:10.1093/femsec/fiw018. PMID 26832204.
Hugelius, Gustaf; Loisel, Julie; Chadburn, Sarah; et al. (10 August 2020). "Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (34): 20438–20446. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11720438H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1916387117. PMC 7456150. PMID 32778585.
Natali, Susan M.; Holdren, John P.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Treharne, Rachael; Duffy, Philip B.; Pomerance, Rafe; MacDonald, Erin (10 December 2020). "Permafrost carbon feedbacks threaten global climate goals". Biological Sciences. 118 (21). doi:10.1073/pnas.2100163118. PMC 8166174. PMID 34001617.
Armstrong McKay, David; Abrams, Jesse; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Sakschewski, Boris; Loriani, Sina; Fetzer, Ingo; Cornell, Sarah; Rockström, Johan; Staal, Arie; Lenton, Timothy (9 September 2022). "Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points". Science. 377 (6611): eabn7950. doi:10.1126/science.abn7950. hdl:10871/131584. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36074831. S2CID 252161375.
Schuur; et al. (2011). "High risk of permafrost thaw". Nature. 480 (7375): 32–33. Bibcode:2011Natur.480...32S. doi:10.1038/480032a. PMID 22129707. S2CID 4412175.
Nowinski NS, Taneva L, Trumbore SE, Welker JM (January 2010). "Decomposition of old organic matter as a result of deeper active layers in a snow depth manipulation experiment". Oecologia. 163 (3): 785–92. Bibcode:2010Oecol.163..785N. doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1556-x. PMC 2886135. PMID 20084398.
Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Scheffer, Marten; Lade, Steven J.; Fetzer, Ingo; Donges, Jonathan F.; Crucifix, Michel; Cornell, Sarah E.; Barnosky, Anthony D. (2018). "Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (33): 8252–8259. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.8252S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1810141115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6099852. PMID 30082409.
Li, Dongfeng; Lu, Xixi; Overeem, Irina; Walling, Desmond E.; Syvitski, Jaia; Kettner, Albert J.; Bookhagen, Bodo; Zhou, Yinjun; Zhang, Ting (29 October 2021). "Exceptional increases in fluvial sediment fluxes in a warmer and wetter High Mountain Asia". Science. 374 (6567): 599–603. Bibcode:2021Sci...374..599L. doi:10.1126/science.abi9649. PMID 34709922. S2CID 240152765.
Hjort, Jan; Karjalainen, Olli; Aalto, Juha; Westermann, Sebastian; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Nelson, Frederick E.; Etzelmüller, Bernd; Luoto, Miska (11 December 2018). "Degrading permafrost puts Arctic infrastructure at risk by mid-century". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 5147. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.5147H. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4. PMC 6289964. PMID 30538247.
Melvin, April M.; Larsen, Peter; Boehlert, Brent; Neumann, James E.; Chinowsky, Paul; Espinet, Xavier; Martinich, Jeremy; Baumann, Matthew S.; Rennels, Lisa; Bothner, Alexandra; Nicolsky, Dmitry J.; Marchenko, Sergey S. (26 December 2016). "Climate change damages to Alaska public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (2): E122–E131. doi:10.1073/pnas.1611056113. PMC 5240706. PMID 28028223.
Sajjad, Wasim; Rafiq, Muhammad; Din, Ghufranud; Hasan, Fariha; Iqbal, Awais; Zada, Sahib; Ali, Barkat; Hayat, Muhammad; Irfan, Muhammad; Kang, Shichang (15 September 2020). "Resurrection of inactive microbes and resistome present in the natural frozen world: Reality or myth?". Science of the Total Environment. 735: 139275. Bibcode:2020ScTEn.735m9275S. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139275. PMID 32480145.
Perron, Gabriel G.; Whyte, Lyle; Turnbaugh, Peter J.; Goordial, Jacqueline; Hanage, William P.; Dantas, Gautam; Desai, Michael M. Desai (25 March 2015). "Functional Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Ancient Arctic Soil Exposes Diverse Resistance Mechanisms to Modern Antibiotics". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0069533. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1069533P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069533. PMC 4373940. PMID 25807523.
Peskoe-Yang, Lynne (30 March 2023). "An ode to Arctic permafrost". Science. 379 (6639): 380–383. Bibcode:2023Sci...379.1306P. doi:10.1126/science.adf6999. PMID 12532013. S2CID 257836768.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Koven, Charles D.; Ringeval, Bruno; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Ciais, Philippe; Cadule, Patricia; Khvorostyanov, Dmitry; Krinner, Gerhard; Tarnocai, Charles (6 September 2011). "Permafrost carbon-climate feedbacks accelerate global warming". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (36): 14769–14774. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10814769K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1103910108. PMC 3169129. PMID 21852573.
Langer, Morit; Schneider von Deimling, Thomas; Westermann, Sebastian; Rolph, Rebecca; Rutte, Ralph; Antonova, Sofia; Rachold, Volker; Schultz, Michael; Oehme, Alexander; Grosse, Guido (28 March 2023). "Thawing permafrost poses environmental threat to thousands of sites with legacy industrial contamination". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 1721. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14.1721L. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37276-4. PMC 10050325. PMID 36977724.
Schaefer, Kevin; Elshorbany, Yasin; Jafarov, Elchin; Schuster, Paul F.; Striegl, Robert G.; Wickland, Kimberly P.; Sunderland, Elsie M. (16 September 2020). "Potential impacts of mercury released from thawing permafrost". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4650. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4650S. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18398-5. PMC 7494925. PMID 32938932.
Alempic, Jean-Marie; Lartigue, Audrey; Goncharov, Artemiy; Grosse, Guido; Strauss, Jens; Tikhonov, Alexey N.; Fedorov, Alexander N.; Poirot, Olivier; Legendre, Matthieu; Santini, Sébastien; Abergel, Chantal; Claverie, Jean-Michel (18 February 2023). "An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost". Viruses. 15 (2): 564. doi:10.3390/v15020564. PMC 9958942. PMID 36851778.
Hugelius, Gustaf; Loisel, Julie; Chadburn, Sarah; et al. (10 August 2020). "Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (34): 20438–20446. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11720438H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1916387117. PMC 7456150. PMID 32778585.
Natali, Susan M.; Holdren, John P.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Treharne, Rachael; Duffy, Philip B.; Pomerance, Rafe; MacDonald, Erin (10 December 2020). "Permafrost carbon feedbacks threaten global climate goals". Biological Sciences. 118 (21). doi:10.1073/pnas.2100163118. PMC 8166174. PMID 34001617.
Nowinski NS, Taneva L, Trumbore SE, Welker JM (January 2010). "Decomposition of old organic matter as a result of deeper active layers in a snow depth manipulation experiment". Oecologia. 163 (3): 785–92. Bibcode:2010Oecol.163..785N. doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1556-x. PMC 2886135. PMID 20084398.
Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Scheffer, Marten; Lade, Steven J.; Fetzer, Ingo; Donges, Jonathan F.; Crucifix, Michel; Cornell, Sarah E.; Barnosky, Anthony D. (2018). "Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (33): 8252–8259. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.8252S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1810141115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6099852. PMID 30082409.
Hjort, Jan; Karjalainen, Olli; Aalto, Juha; Westermann, Sebastian; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Nelson, Frederick E.; Etzelmüller, Bernd; Luoto, Miska (11 December 2018). "Degrading permafrost puts Arctic infrastructure at risk by mid-century". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 5147. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.5147H. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4. PMC 6289964. PMID 30538247.
Melvin, April M.; Larsen, Peter; Boehlert, Brent; Neumann, James E.; Chinowsky, Paul; Espinet, Xavier; Martinich, Jeremy; Baumann, Matthew S.; Rennels, Lisa; Bothner, Alexandra; Nicolsky, Dmitry J.; Marchenko, Sergey S. (26 December 2016). "Climate change damages to Alaska public infrastructure and the economics of proactive adaptation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (2): E122–E131. doi:10.1073/pnas.1611056113. PMC 5240706. PMID 28028223.
Perron, Gabriel G.; Whyte, Lyle; Turnbaugh, Peter J.; Goordial, Jacqueline; Hanage, William P.; Dantas, Gautam; Desai, Michael M. Desai (25 March 2015). "Functional Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Ancient Arctic Soil Exposes Diverse Resistance Mechanisms to Modern Antibiotics". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0069533. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1069533P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069533. PMC 4373940. PMID 25807523.

noaa.gov

arctic.noaa.gov

Schuur, T. (22 November 2019). "Permafrost and the Global Carbon Cycle". Natural Resources Defense Council – via NOAA.

npr.org

Doucleff, Michaeleen. "Are There Zombie Viruses — Like The 1918 Flu — Thawing In The Permafrost?". NPR.org. Retrieved 23 April 2023.

stateimpact.npr.org

Heinrich, Holly (25 July 2013). "Permafrost Melting Faster Than Expected in Antarctica". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2016.

nrdc.org

Denchak, Melissa (26 June 2018). "Permafrost: Everything You Need to Know". Natural Resources Defense Council. Retrieved 27 September 2023.

nytimes.com

Nechepurenko, Ivan (5 June 2020), "Russia Declares Emergency After Arctic Oil Spill", New York Times

osti.gov

Koven, Charles D.; Riley, William J.; Stern, Alex (1 October 2012). "Analysis of Permafrost Thermal Dynamics and Response to Climate Change in the CMIP5 Earth System Models". Journal of Climate. 26 (6): 1877–1900. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00228.1. OSTI 1172703.

permafrost.org

"What is Permafrost?". International Permafrost Association. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
"Frozen Ground, the News Bulletin of the IPA". International Permafrost Association. 10 February 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
"History". International Permafrost Association. Retrieved 14 August 2023.

phys.org

Isachenkov, Vladimir (20 February 2012), "Russians revive Ice Age flower from frozen burrow", Phys.Org, archived from the original on 24 April 2016, retrieved 26 April 2016

physicalgeography.net

Pidwirny, M (2006). "Periglacial Processes and Landforms". Fundamentals of Physical Geography.

researchgate.net

Fridleifsson, Ingvar B.; Bertani, Ruggero; Huenges, Ernst; Lund, John W.; Ragnarsson, Arni; Rybach, Ladislaus (11 February 2008). O. Hohmeyer and T. Trittin (ed.). The possible role and contribution of geothermal energy to the mitigation of climate change (PDF) (Report). IPCC Scoping Meeting on Renewable Energy Sources, Luebeck, Germany. pp. 59–80. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2023.

science.org

Armstrong McKay, David; Abrams, Jesse; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Sakschewski, Boris; Loriani, Sina; Fetzer, Ingo; Cornell, Sarah; Rockström, Johan; Staal, Arie; Lenton, Timothy (9 September 2022). "Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points". Science. 377 (6611): eabn7950. doi:10.1126/science.abn7950. hdl:10871/131584. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36074831. S2CID 252161375.

sciencealert.com

Antonova, Maria (5 June 2020). "Russia Says Melting Permafrost Is Behind The Massive Arctic Fuel Spill". Science Daily. Retrieved 19 July 2020.

sciencedirect.com

Kujala, Kauko; Seppälä, Matti; Holappa, Teuvo (2008). "Physical properties of peat and palsa formation". Cold Regions Science and Technology. 52 (3): 408–414. Bibcode:2008CRST...52..408K. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.08.002. ISSN 0165-232X.

scijournals.org

soil.scijournals.org

Bockheim, J.G. & Hinkel, K.M. (2007). "The importance of "Deep" organic carbon in permafrost-affected soils of Arctic Alaska". Soil Science Society of America Journal. 71 (6): 1889–92. Bibcode:2007SSASJ..71.1889B. doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0070N. Archived from the original on 17 July 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2010.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Cooper, M. G.; Zhou, T.; Bennett, K. E.; Bolton, W. R.; Coon, E. T.; Fleming, S. W.; Rowland, J. C.; Schwenk, J. (4 January 2023). "Detecting Permafrost Active Layer Thickness Change From Nonlinear Baseflow Recession". Water Resources Research. 57 (1): e2022WR033154. Bibcode:2023WRR....5933154C. doi:10.1029/2022WR033154. S2CID 255639677.
Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara; Abbott, Benjamin W; Thornton, Brett F; Frederick, Jennifer M; Vonk, Jorien E; Overduin, Paul; Schädel, Christina; Schuur, Edward A G; Bourbonnais, Annie; Demidov, Nikita; Gavrilov, Anatoly (22 December 2020). "Subsea permafrost carbon stocks and climate change sensitivity estimated by expert assessment". Environmental Research Letters. 15 (12): B027-08. Bibcode:2020AGUFMB027...08S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abcc29. S2CID 234515282.
Galera, L. A.; Eckhardt, T.; Beer C., Pfeiffer E.-M.; Knoblauch, C. (22 March 2023). "Ratio of in situ CO2 to CH4 production and its environmental controls in polygonal tundra soils of Samoylov Island, Northeastern Siberia". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 128 (4): e2022JG006956. Bibcode:2023JGRG..12806956G. doi:10.1029/2022JG006956. S2CID 257700504.
Schuur, Edward A.G.; Abbott, Benjamin W.; Commane, Roisin; Ernakovich, Jessica; Euskirchen, Eugenie; Hugelius, Gustaf; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam; Koven, Charlie; Leshyk, Victor; Lawrence, David; Loranty, Michael M.; Mauritz, Marguerite; Olefeldt, David; Natali, Susan; Rodenhizer, Heidi; Salmon, Verity; Schädel, Christina; Strauss, Jens; Treat, Claire; Turetsky, Merritt (2022). "Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 47: 343–371. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847. S2CID 252986002.
Nelson, F. E.; Anisimov, O. A.; Shiklomanov, N. I. (1 July 2002). "Climate Change and Hazard Zonation in the Circum-Arctic Permafrost Regions". Natural Hazards. 26 (3): 203–225. doi:10.1023/A:1015612918401. S2CID 35672358.
Hjort, Jan; Streletskiy, Dmitry; Doré, Guy; Wu, Qingbai; Bjella, Kevin; Luoto, Miska (11 January 2022). "Impacts of permafrost degradation on infrastructure". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 24–38. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3...24H. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00247-8. hdl:10138/344541. S2CID 245917456.
Miner, Kimberley R.; D'Andrilli, Juliana; Mackelprang, Rachel; Edwards, Arwyn; Malaska, Michael J.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Miller, Charles E. (30 September 2021). "Emergent biogeochemical risks from Arctic permafrost degradation". Nature Climate Change. 11 (1): 809–819. Bibcode:2021NatCC..11..809M. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-01162-y. S2CID 238234156.
Wu, Rachel; Trubl, Gareth; Tas, Neslihan; Jansson, Janet K. (15 April 2022). "Permafrost as a potential pathogen reservoir". One Earth. 5 (4): 351–360. Bibcode:2022OEart...5..351W. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.03.010. S2CID 248208195.
Li, Chuanhua; Wei, Yufei; Liu, Yunfan; Li, Liangliang; Peng, Lixiao; Chen, Jiahao; Liu, Lihui; Dou, Tianbao; Wu, Xiaodong (14 June 2022). "Active Layer Thickness in the Northern Hemisphere: Changes From 2000 to 2018 and Future Simulations". JGR Atmospheres. 127 (12): e2022JD036785. Bibcode:2022JGRD..12736785L. doi:10.1029/2022JD036785. S2CID 249696017.
Luo, Dongliang; Wu, Qingbai; Jin, Huijun; Marchenko, Sergey S.; Lü, Lanzhi; Gao, Siru (26 March 2016). "Recent changes in the active layer thickness across the northern hemisphere". Environmental Earth Sciences. 75 (7): 555. Bibcode:2016EES....75..555L. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-5229-2. S2CID 130353989.
Lacelle, Denis; Fisher, David A.; Verret, Marjolaine; Pollard, Wayne (17 February 2022). "Improved prediction of the vertical distribution of ground ice in Arctic-Antarctic permafrost sediments". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (31): 31. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3...31L. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00367-z. S2CID 246872753.
Bockheim, James G.; Munroe, Jeffrey S. (November 2014). "Organic Carbon Pools and Genesis of Alpine Soils with Permafrost: A Review". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 46 (4): 987–1006. Bibcode:2014AAAR...46..987B. doi:10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.987. S2CID 53400041.
Haeberli, Wilfried; Noetzli, Jeannette; Arenson, Lukas; Delaloye, Reynald; Gärtner-Roer, Isabelle; Gruber, Stephan; Isaksen, Ketil; Kneisel, Christof; Krautblatter, Michael; Phillips, Marcia (2010). "Mountain permafrost: development and challenges of a young research field". Journal of Glaciology. 56 (200). Cambridge University Press: 1043–1058. Bibcode:2010JGlac..56.1043H. doi:10.3189/002214311796406121. S2CID 33659636.
Black, Robert F. (1976). "Periglacial Features Indicative of Permafrost: Ice and Soil Wedges". Quaternary Research. 6 (1): 3–26. Bibcode:1976QuRes...6....3B. doi:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90037-5. S2CID 128393192.
Kessler, M. A.; Werner, B. T. (17 January 2003). "Self-organization of sorted patterned ground". Science. 299 (5605): 380–383. Bibcode:2003Sci...299..380K. doi:10.1126/science.1077309. PMID 12532013. S2CID 27238820.
Li, Dongfeng; Overeem, Irina; Kettner, Albert J.; Zhou, Yinjun; Lu, Xixi (February 2021). "Air Temperature Regulates Erodible Landscape, Water, and Sediment Fluxes in the Permafrost-Dominated Catchment on the Tibetan Plateau". Water Resources Research. 57 (2): e2020WR028193. Bibcode:2021WRR....5728193L. doi:10.1029/2020WR028193. S2CID 234044271.
Zhang, Ting; Li, Dongfeng; Kettner, Albert J.; Zhou, Yinjun; Lu, Xixi (October 2021). "Constraining Dynamic Sediment-Discharge Relationships in Cold Environments: The Sediment-Availability-Transport (SAT) Model". Water Resources Research. 57 (10): e2021WR030690. Bibcode:2021WRR....5730690Z. doi:10.1029/2021WR030690. S2CID 242360211.
McGuire, A.D.; Anderson, L.G.; Christensen, T.R.; Dallimore, S.; Guo, L.; Hayes, D.J.; Heimann, M.; Lorenson, T.D.; Macdonald, R.W.; Roulet, N. (2009). "Sensitivity of the carbon cycle in the Arctic to climate change". Ecological Monographs. 79 (4): 523–555. doi:10.1890/08-2025.1. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-000E-D87B-C. S2CID 1779296.
Kudryashova, E. B.; Chernousova, E. Yu.; Suzina, N. E.; Ariskina, E. V.; Gilichinsky, D. A. (1 May 2013). "Microbial diversity of Late Pleistocene Siberian permafrost samples". Microbiology. 82 (3): 341–351. doi:10.1134/S0026261713020082. S2CID 2645648.
Overduin, P. P.; Schneider von Deimling, T.; Miesner, F.; Grigoriev, M. N.; Ruppel, C.; Vasiliev, A.; Lantuit, H.; Juhls, B.; Westermann, S. (17 April 2019). "Submarine Permafrost Map in the Arctic Modeled Using 1-D Transient Heat Flux (SuPerMAP)" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 124 (6): 3490–3507. Bibcode:2019JGRC..124.3490O. doi:10.1029/2018JC014675. hdl:1912/24566. S2CID 146331663.
Armstrong McKay, David; Abrams, Jesse; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Sakschewski, Boris; Loriani, Sina; Fetzer, Ingo; Cornell, Sarah; Rockström, Johan; Staal, Arie; Lenton, Timothy (9 September 2022). "Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points". Science. 377 (6611): eabn7950. doi:10.1126/science.abn7950. hdl:10871/131584. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36074831. S2CID 252161375.
Schuur; et al. (2011). "High risk of permafrost thaw". Nature. 480 (7375): 32–33. Bibcode:2011Natur.480...32S. doi:10.1038/480032a. PMID 22129707. S2CID 4412175.
Allen, Robert J.; Zhao, Xueying; Randles, Cynthia A.; Kramer, Ryan J.; Samset, Bjørn H.; Smith, Christopher J. (16 March 2023). "Surface warming and wetting due to methane's long-wave radiative effects muted by short-wave absorption". Nature Geoscience. 16 (4): 314–320. Bibcode:2023NatGe..16..314A. doi:10.1038/s41561-023-01144-z. S2CID 257595431.
Miner, Kimberley R.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Malina, Edward; Bartsch, Annett; Tamminen, Johanna; McGuire, A. David; Fix, Andreas; Sweeney, Colm; Elder, Clayton D.; Miller, Charles E. (11 January 2022). "Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 13 (1): 55–67. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3...55M. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00230-3. S2CID 245917526.
Estop-Aragonés, Cristian; Czimczik, Claudia I; Heffernan, Liam; Gibson, Carolyn; Walker, Jennifer C; Xu, Xiaomei; Olefeldt, David (13 August 2018). "Respiration of aged soil carbon during fall in permafrost peatlands enhanced by active layer deepening following wildfire but limited following thermokarst". Environmental Research Letters. 13 (8). Bibcode:2018ERL....13h5002E. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aad5f0. S2CID 158857491.
Li, Dongfeng; Lu, Xixi; Overeem, Irina; Walling, Desmond E.; Syvitski, Jaia; Kettner, Albert J.; Bookhagen, Bodo; Zhou, Yinjun; Zhang, Ting (29 October 2021). "Exceptional increases in fluvial sediment fluxes in a warmer and wetter High Mountain Asia". Science. 374 (6567): 599–603. Bibcode:2021Sci...374..599L. doi:10.1126/science.abi9649. PMID 34709922. S2CID 240152765.
Huggel, C.; Allen, S.; Deline, P. (June 2012). "Ice thawing, mountains falling; are alpine rock slope failures increasing?". Geology Today. 28 (3): 98–104. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2012.00836.x. S2CID 128619284.
Temme, Arnaud J. A. M. (2015). "Using Climber's Guidebooks to Assess Rock Fall Patterns Over Large Spatial and Decadal Temporal Scales: An Example from the Swiss Alps". Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. 97 (4): 793–807. Bibcode:2015GeAnA..97..793T. doi:10.1111/geoa.12116. S2CID 55361904.
Ramage, Justine; Jungsberg, Leneisja; Wang, Shinan; Westermann, Sebastian; Lantuit, Hugues; Heleniak, Timothy (6 January 2021). "Population living on permafrost in the Arctic". Population and Environment. 43: 22–38. doi:10.1007/s11111-020-00370-6. S2CID 254938760.
Melnikov, Vladimir; Osipov, Victor; Brouchkov, Anatoly V.; Falaleeva, Arina A.; Badina, Svetlana V.; Zheleznyak, Mikhail N.; Sadurtdinov, Marat R.; Ostrakov, Nikolay A.; Drozdov, Dmitry S.; Osokin, Alexei B.; Sergeev, Dmitry O.; Dubrovin, Vladimir A.; Fedorov, Roman Yu. (24 January 2022). "Climate warming and permafrost thaw in the Russian Arctic: potential economic impacts on public infrastructure by 2050". Natural Hazards. 112: 231–251. doi:10.1007/s11069-021-05179-6. S2CID 246211747.
Ran, Youhua; Cheng, Guodong; Dong, Yuanhong; Hjort, Jan; Lovecraft, Amy Lauren; Kang, Shichang; Tan, Meibao; Li, Xin (13 October 2022). "Permafrost degradation increases risk and large future costs of infrastructure on the Third Pole". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 238. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3..238R. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00568-6. S2CID 252849121.
Peskoe-Yang, Lynne (30 March 2023). "An ode to Arctic permafrost". Science. 379 (6639): 380–383. Bibcode:2023Sci...379.1306P. doi:10.1126/science.adf6999. PMID 12532013. S2CID 257836768.

tass.com

"Diesel fuel spill in Norilsk in Russia's Arctic contained". TASS. Moscow, Russia. 5 June 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.

thearcticinstitute.org

Tsui, Emily (4 March 2021). "Reducing Individual Costs of Permafrost Thaw Damage in Canada's Arctic". The Arctic Institute.

uni-giessen.de

geb.uni-giessen.de

King, Lorenz (2001). "Materialien zur Kenntniss des unvergänglichen Boden-Eises in Sibirien, compiled by Baer in 1843" (PDF). Berichte und Arbeiten aus der Universitätsbibliothek und dem Universitätsarchiv Giessen (in German). 51: 1–315. Retrieved 27 July 2021.

unt.edu

digital.library.unt.edu

Schuur; et al. (2011). "High risk of permafrost thaw". Nature. 480 (7375): 32–33. Bibcode:2011Natur.480...32S. doi:10.1038/480032a. PMID 22129707. S2CID 4412175.

urn.fi

Hjort, Jan; Streletskiy, Dmitry; Doré, Guy; Wu, Qingbai; Bjella, Kevin; Luoto, Miska (11 January 2022). "Impacts of permafrost degradation on infrastructure". Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 24–38. Bibcode:2022NRvEE...3...24H. doi:10.1038/s43017-021-00247-8. hdl:10138/344541. S2CID 245917456.

usatoday.com

Alund, Natalie Neysa (9 March 2023). "Scientists revive 'zombie virus' that was frozen for nearly 50,000 years". USA Today. Retrieved 23 April 2023.

usda.gov

srs.fs.usda.gov

"Black Spruce". USDA. Retrieved 27 September 2023.

usgs.gov

pubs.usgs.gov

Heginbottom, J. Alan; Brown, Jerry; Humlum, Ole; Svensson, Harald (2012). State of the Earth's Cryosphere at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Glaciers, Global Snow Cover, Floating Ice, and Permafrost and Periglacial Environments (PDF) (Report). USGS. doi:10.3133/pp1386A.
Ray, Luis L. "Permafrost – USGS (United States Geological Survey) Library Publications Warehouse" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2018.

web.archive.org

Robinson, S.D.; et al. (2003). "Permafrost and peatland carbon sink capacity with increasing latitude". In Phillips; et al. (eds.). Permafrost (PDF) (Report). Swets & Zeitlinger. pp. 965–970. ISBN 90-5809-582-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
Heinrich, Holly (25 July 2013). "Permafrost Melting Faster Than Expected in Antarctica". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
Rozell, Ned (18 November 2009). "Permafrost near equator; hummingbirds near subarctic". Capitol City Weekly. Juneau, Alaska. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018.
Ruiz, Lucas; Liaudat, Dario Trombotto (2012). Mountain Permafrost Distribution in the Andes of Chubut (Argentina) Based on a Statistical Model (PDF) (Report). Tenth International Conference on Permafrost. Mendoza, Argentina: Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. pp. 365–370. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
Sidorchuk, Aleksey; Borisova, Olga; Panin, Andrey (20 February 2001). "Fluvial response to the late Valdai/Holocene environmental change on the East European plain" (PDF). Quaternary International. 118–119 (1–4): 13–22. Bibcode:2001GPC....28..303S. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00081-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2013.
Osterkamp, T.E.; Burn, C.R. (2003). "Permafrost". In North, Gerald R.; Pyle, John A.; Zhang, Fuqing (eds.). Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (PDF). Vol. 4. Elsevier. pp. 1717–1729. ISBN 978-0-12-382226-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
Fridleifsson, Ingvar B.; Bertani, Ruggero; Huenges, Ernst; Lund, John W.; Ragnarsson, Arni; Rybach, Ladislaus (11 February 2008). O. Hohmeyer and T. Trittin (ed.). The possible role and contribution of geothermal energy to the mitigation of climate change (PDF) (Report). IPCC Scoping Meeting on Renewable Energy Sources, Luebeck, Germany. pp. 59–80. Archived from the original on 12 March 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
"C. E Heuer, "The Application of Heat Pipes on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline" Special Report 79-26, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Sept. 1979" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
Bockheim, J.G. & Hinkel, K.M. (2007). "The importance of "Deep" organic carbon in permafrost-affected soils of Arctic Alaska". Soil Science Society of America Journal. 71 (6): 1889–92. Bibcode:2007SSASJ..71.1889B. doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0070N. Archived from the original on 17 July 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
IPCC: Table SPM-2, in: Summary for Policymakers (archived 16 July 2014), in: IPCC AR5 WG1 2013, p. 21
Isachenkov, Vladimir (20 February 2012), "Russians revive Ice Age flower from frozen burrow", Phys.Org, archived from the original on 24 April 2016, retrieved 26 April 2016
Ray, Luis L. "Permafrost – USGS (United States Geological Survey) Library Publications Warehouse" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2018.

worldcat.org

Kujala, Kauko; Seppälä, Matti; Holappa, Teuvo (2008). "Physical properties of peat and palsa formation". Cold Regions Science and Technology. 52 (3): 408–414. Bibcode:2008CRST...52..408K. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.08.002. ISSN 0165-232X.
Armstrong McKay, David; Abrams, Jesse; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Sakschewski, Boris; Loriani, Sina; Fetzer, Ingo; Cornell, Sarah; Rockström, Johan; Staal, Arie; Lenton, Timothy (9 September 2022). "Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points". Science. 377 (6611): eabn7950. doi:10.1126/science.abn7950. hdl:10871/131584. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 36074831. S2CID 252161375.
Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim; Winkelmann, Ricarda; Scheffer, Marten; Lade, Steven J.; Fetzer, Ingo; Donges, Jonathan F.; Crucifix, Michel; Cornell, Sarah E.; Barnosky, Anthony D. (2018). "Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (33): 8252–8259. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115.8252S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1810141115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6099852. PMID 30082409.
Barry, Roger Graham; Gan, Thian-Yew (2021). The global cryosphere past, present and future (Second revised ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-48755-9. OCLC 1256406954.
U.S. Geological Survey; United States Army Corps of Engineers; Strategic Intelligence Branch (1943). "Permafrost or permanently frozen ground and related engineering problems". Strategic Engineering Study (62): 231. OCLC 22879846.
Muller, Siemon William (1947). Permafrost. Or, Permanently Frozen Ground and Related Engineering Problems. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Edwards. ISBN 978-0-598-53858-1. OCLC 1646047.