Personal identification number (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Personal identification number" in English language version.

Last modified: 22:25:37, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

2622web.archive.org

1^st place

75books.google.com

3^rd place

33cam.ac.uk

569^th place

354^th place

32bbc.co.uk

11^th place

10^th place

33ibm.com

1,369^th place

968^th place

22doi.org

2^nd place

22semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

21securitycurrent.com

low place

21hpe.com

low place

21purdue.edu

1,391^st place

979^th place

21sleuthsayers.org

low place

11digitaltransactions.net

low place

11latimes.com

32^nd place

21^st place

11espacenet.com

950^th place

813^th place

11nist.gov

708^th place

742^nd place

11bizjournals.com

396^th place

190^th place

11newspapers.com

24^th place

12^th place

11worldcat.org

4^th place

11slideheaven.com

low place

11utimaco.com

low place

11webb-site.com

low place

11iso.org

1,190^th place

1,097^th place

11ucm.es

2,162^nd place

3,328^th place

11oracle.com

2,532^nd place

1,847^th place

11acm.org

1,200^th place

821^st place

11theguardian.com

16^th place

11^th place

11snopes.com

1,669^th place

1,125^th place

11ilga.gov

6,996^th place

3,413^th place

11ga.gov

3,326^th place

1,485^th place

11rare.us

low place

11etsi.org

low place

8,822^nd place

11bell.ca

low place

acm.org (Global: 1,200^th place; English: 821^st place)

dl.acm.org

Wang, Ding; Gu, Qianchen; Huang, Xinyi; Wang, Ping (2017-04-02). "Understanding Human-Chosen PINs". Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security. Asia CCS '17. Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates: ACM. pp. 372–385. doi:10.1145/3052973.3053031. ISBN 978-1-4503-4944-4. S2CID 14259782. Archived from the original on 2020-06-18. Retrieved 2021-04-09.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"The man who invented the cash machine". BBC. 2007-06-25. Archived from the original on 2010-09-19. Retrieved 2014-06-15.
"Royal honour for inventor of Pin". BBC. 2006-06-16. Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2007-11-05.

bell.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

support.bell.ca

"What is a PUK code?". support.bell.ca. Retrieved 2024-07-15.

bizjournals.com (Global: 396^th place; English: 190^th place)

"Security guru tackles Net: Father of PIN 'unretires' to launch TriStrata". The Business Journals. American City Business Journals. May 2, 1999. Retrieved 23 July 2019.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2018). Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking. Oxford University Press. pp. 284 & 311. ISBN 9780191085574.
"ID System Designed as NCR 270 Upgrade". Computerworld. 12 (7). IDG Enterprise: 49. 13 February 1978.
"Four Products for On-Line Transactions Unveiled". Computerworld. 10 (4). IDG Enterprise: 3. 26 January 1976.
Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo (2018). Cash and Dash: How ATMs and Computers Changed Banking. Oxford University Press. p. 311. ISBN 9780191085574.
Grant, Gail L. (1998). Understanding Digital Signatures: Establishing Trust Over the Internet and Other Networks. McGraw-Hill. p. 163. ISBN 9780070125544. In fact, an estimated 70 percent of all banking ATM transactions in the USA are routed through specialized Atalla hardware security modules.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569^th place; English: 354^th place)

cl.cam.ac.uk

Kuhn, Markus (July 1997). "Probability theory for pickpockets — ec-PIN guessing" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-10-10. Retrieved 2006-11-24. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Zieliński, P & Bond, M (February 2003). "Decimalisation table attacks for PIN cracking" (PDF). 02453. University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-10. Retrieved 2006-11-24. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"Media coverage". University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2018-10-20. Retrieved 2006-11-24.

digitaltransactions.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"E-Commerce: A Tangled Web for PIN Debit". Digital Transactions. 1 February 2013. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2017 – via Associated Press.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Konheim, Alan G. (1 April 2016). "Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols". Journal of Cryptographic Engineering. 6 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3. ISSN 2190-8516. S2CID 1706990. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
Wang, Ding; Gu, Qianchen; Huang, Xinyi; Wang, Ping (2017-04-02). "Understanding Human-Chosen PINs". Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security. Asia CCS '17. Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates: ACM. pp. 372–385. doi:10.1145/3052973.3053031. ISBN 978-1-4503-4944-4. S2CID 14259782. Archived from the original on 2020-06-18. Retrieved 2021-04-09.

espacenet.com (Global: 950^th place; English: 813^th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

GB 1197183 "Improvements in or relating to Customer-Operated Dispensing Systems" – Ivan Oliveira, Anthony Davies, James Goodfellow

etsi.org (Global: low place; English: 8,822^nd place)

082251615790 GSM 02.17 Subscriber Identity Modules, Functional Characteristics, version 3.2.0, February 1992, clause 3.1.3

ga.gov (Global: 3,326^th place; English: 1,485^th place)

www1.legis.ga.gov

sb379_SB_379_PF_2.html Senate Bill 379 Archived 2012-03-23 at the Wayback Machine Georgia General Assembly, published 2006, accessed 2011-07-20

hpe.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

h41382.www4.hpe.com

Langford, Susan (2013). "ATM Cash-out Attacks" (PDF). Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Hewlett-Packard. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; English: 968^th place)

publib.boulder.ibm.com

"3624 PIN Generation Algorithm". IBM.
"PIN Offset Generation Algorithm". IBM.

ibm.com

"PVV Generation Algorithm". IBM. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-22.

ilga.gov (Global: 6,996^th place; English: 3,413^th place)

Full Text of SB0562 Archived 2010-08-31 at the Wayback Machine Illinois General Assembly, accessed 2011-07-20

iso.org (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 1,097^th place)

ISO 9564-1:2011 Financial services — Personal Identification Number (PIN) management and security — Part 1: Basic principles and requirements for PINs in card-based systems Archived 2017-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, clause 8.1 PIN length

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

latimesblogs.latimes.com

"ATM inventor John Shepherd-Barron dies at 84". Los Angeles Times. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2016 – via Associated Press.

newspapers.com (Global: 24^th place; English: 12^th place)

"Purdue Schools of Engineering honor 10 distinguished alumni". Journal & Courier. May 5, 2002. p. 33.

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

"The Economic Impacts of NIST's Data Encryption Standard (DES) Program" (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology. United States Department of Commerce. October 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2019.

oracle.com (Global: 2,532^nd place; English: 1,847^th place)

docs.oracle.com

"Sun Crypto Accelerator 6000 Board User's Guide for Version 1.0". docs.oracle.com. Archived from the original on 2022-03-19. Retrieved 2021-06-22.

purdue.edu (Global: 1,391^st place; English: 979^th place)

"Martin M. (John) Atalla". Purdue University. 2003. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.

rare.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Will Entering Your ATM Pin Backwards Trigger the Police?". Rare. 2020-12-15. Archived from the original on 2022-03-19. Retrieved 2021-02-27.

securitycurrent.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Stiennon, Richard (17 June 2014). "Key Management a Fast Growing Space". SecurityCurrent. IT-Harvest. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2019.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Konheim, Alan G. (1 April 2016). "Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols". Journal of Cryptographic Engineering. 6 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3. ISSN 2190-8516. S2CID 1706990. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
Wang, Ding; Gu, Qianchen; Huang, Xinyi; Wang, Ping (2017-04-02). "Understanding Human-Chosen PINs". Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security. Asia CCS '17. Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates: ACM. pp. 372–385. doi:10.1145/3052973.3053031. ISBN 978-1-4503-4944-4. S2CID 14259782. Archived from the original on 2020-06-18. Retrieved 2021-04-09.

sleuthsayers.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lundin, Leigh (2013-08-04). "PINs and Passwords, Part 1". Passwords. Orlando: SleuthSayers. Armed with only four possibilities, hackers can crack 20% of all PINs.

slideheaven.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Konheim, Alan G. (1 April 2016). "Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols". Journal of Cryptographic Engineering. 6 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3. ISSN 2190-8516. S2CID 1706990. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.

snopes.com (Global: 1,669^th place; English: 1,125^th place)

"Reverse PIN Panic Code". 7 October 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-02.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Nick Berry (28 September 2012). "The most common PINs: is your bank account vulnerable?". Guardian newspaper website. Retrieved 2013-02-25.

ucm.es (Global: 2,162^nd place; English: 3,328^th place)

gae.ucm.es

"Track format of magnetic stripe cards". Gae.ucm.es. Archived from the original on 2014-09-28. Retrieved 2010-04-25.

utimaco.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hsm.utimaco.com

"Portfolio Overview for Payment & GP HSMs" (PDF). Utimaco. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2019.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"E-Commerce: A Tangled Web for PIN Debit". Digital Transactions. 1 February 2013. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2017 – via Associated Press.
"The man who invented the cash machine". BBC. 2007-06-25. Archived from the original on 2010-09-19. Retrieved 2014-06-15.
"ATM inventor John Shepherd-Barron dies at 84". Los Angeles Times. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2016 – via Associated Press.
"Royal honour for inventor of Pin". BBC. 2006-06-16. Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2007-11-05.
Stiennon, Richard (17 June 2014). "Key Management a Fast Growing Space". SecurityCurrent. IT-Harvest. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
"The Economic Impacts of NIST's Data Encryption Standard (DES) Program" (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology. United States Department of Commerce. October 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
Langford, Susan (2013). "ATM Cash-out Attacks" (PDF). Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Hewlett-Packard. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
"Martin M. (John) Atalla". Purdue University. 2003. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
Konheim, Alan G. (1 April 2016). "Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols". Journal of Cryptographic Engineering. 6 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3. ISSN 2190-8516. S2CID 1706990. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
"Portfolio Overview for Payment & GP HSMs" (PDF). Utimaco. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
Your ID number is not a password Archived 2016-10-03 at the Wayback Machine, Webb-site.com, 8 November 2010
ISO 9564-1:2011 Financial services — Personal Identification Number (PIN) management and security — Part 1: Basic principles and requirements for PINs in card-based systems Archived 2017-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, clause 8.1 PIN length
"Track format of magnetic stripe cards". Gae.ucm.es. Archived from the original on 2014-09-28. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
"Sun Crypto Accelerator 6000 Board User's Guide for Version 1.0". docs.oracle.com. Archived from the original on 2022-03-19. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
"PVV Generation Algorithm". IBM. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
Wang, Ding; Gu, Qianchen; Huang, Xinyi; Wang, Ping (2017-04-02). "Understanding Human-Chosen PINs". Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security. Asia CCS '17. Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates: ACM. pp. 372–385. doi:10.1145/3052973.3053031. ISBN 978-1-4503-4944-4. S2CID 14259782. Archived from the original on 2020-06-18. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
Kuhn, Markus (July 1997). "Probability theory for pickpockets — ec-PIN guessing" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-10-10. Retrieved 2006-11-24. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Zieliński, P & Bond, M (February 2003). "Decimalisation table attacks for PIN cracking" (PDF). 02453. University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-10. Retrieved 2006-11-24. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"Media coverage". University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2018-10-20. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
Full Text of SB0562 Archived 2010-08-31 at the Wayback Machine Illinois General Assembly, accessed 2011-07-20
sb379_SB_379_PF_2.html Senate Bill 379 Archived 2012-03-23 at the Wayback Machine Georgia General Assembly, published 2006, accessed 2011-07-20
"Will Entering Your ATM Pin Backwards Trigger the Police?". Rare. 2020-12-15. Archived from the original on 2022-03-19. Retrieved 2021-02-27.

webb-site.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Your ID number is not a password Archived 2016-10-03 at the Wayback Machine, Webb-site.com, 8 November 2010

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Konheim, Alan G. (1 April 2016). "Automated teller machines: their history and authentication protocols". Journal of Cryptographic Engineering. 6 (1): 1–29. doi:10.1007/s13389-015-0104-3. ISSN 2190-8516. S2CID 1706990. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.

Personal identification number (English Wikipedia)

acm.org (Global: 1,200th place; English: 821st place)

dl.acm.org

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

bell.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

support.bell.ca

bizjournals.com (Global: 396th place; English: 190th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569th place; English: 354th place)

cl.cam.ac.uk

digitaltransactions.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 950th place; English: 813th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

etsi.org (Global: low place; English: 8,822nd place)

ga.gov (Global: 3,326th place; English: 1,485th place)

www1.legis.ga.gov

hpe.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

h41382.www4.hpe.com

ibm.com (Global: 1,369th place; English: 968th place)

publib.boulder.ibm.com

ibm.com

ilga.gov (Global: 6,996th place; English: 3,413th place)

iso.org (Global: 1,190th place; English: 1,097th place)

latimes.com (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

latimesblogs.latimes.com

newspapers.com (Global: 24th place; English: 12th place)

nist.gov (Global: 708th place; English: 742nd place)

oracle.com (Global: 2,532nd place; English: 1,847th place)

docs.oracle.com

purdue.edu (Global: 1,391st place; English: 979th place)

rare.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

securitycurrent.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sleuthsayers.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

slideheaven.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

snopes.com (Global: 1,669th place; English: 1,125th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

ucm.es (Global: 2,162nd place; English: 3,328th place)

gae.ucm.es

utimaco.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hsm.utimaco.com

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

webb-site.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

acm.org (Global: 1,200^th place; English: 821^st place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bizjournals.com (Global: 396^th place; English: 190^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cam.ac.uk (Global: 569^th place; English: 354^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 950^th place; English: 813^th place)

etsi.org (Global: low place; English: 8,822^nd place)

ga.gov (Global: 3,326^th place; English: 1,485^th place)

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; English: 968^th place)

ilga.gov (Global: 6,996^th place; English: 3,413^th place)

iso.org (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 1,097^th place)

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

newspapers.com (Global: 24^th place; English: 12^th place)

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

oracle.com (Global: 2,532^nd place; English: 1,847^th place)

purdue.edu (Global: 1,391^st place; English: 979^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

snopes.com (Global: 1,669^th place; English: 1,125^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

ucm.es (Global: 2,162^nd place; English: 3,328^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)