Physical constant (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Physical constant" in English language version.

Last modified: 20:26:10, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

149doi.org

2^nd place

1212nist.gov

708^th place

742^nd place

128adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

117arxiv.org

49^th place

31^st place

104nih.gov

5^th place

87semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

22web.archive.org

1^st place

22hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

21bipm.org

1,781^st place

2,481^st place

11iso.org

1,190^th place

1,097^th place

11zenodo.org

737^th place

426^th place

11vu.nl

8,771^st place

6,166^th place

11space.com

862^nd place

703^rd place

11tandfonline.com

286^th place

209^th place

11archive.org

6^th place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Uzan, Jean-Philippe (2011). "Varying Constants, Gravitation and Cosmology". Living Reviews in Relativity. 14 (1) 2. arXiv:1009.5514. Bibcode:2011LRR....14....2U. doi:10.12942/lrr-2011-2. PMC 5256069. PMID 28179829.
Lévy-Leblond, J. (1977). "On the conceptual nature of the physical constants". La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento. Series 2. 7 (2): 187–214. Bibcode:1977NCimR...7..187L. doi:10.1007/bf02748049. S2CID 121022139.Lévy-Leblond, J.-M. (1979). "The importance of being (a) Constant". In Toraldo di Francia, G. (ed.). Problems in the Foundations of Physics, Proceedings of the International School of Physics 'Enrico Fermi' Course LXXII, Varenna, Italy, July 25 – August 6, 1977. New York: NorthHolland. pp. 237–263.
Rosenband, T.; et al. (2008). "Frequency Ratio of Al⁺ and Hg⁺ Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place". Science. 319 (5871): 1808–12. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1808R. doi:10.1126/science.1154622. PMID 18323415. S2CID 206511320.
Anderson, J. D.; Schubert, G.; Trimble, V.; Feldman, M. R. (April 2015), "Measurements of Newton's gravitational constant and the length of day", EPL, 110 (1) 10002, arXiv:1504.06604, Bibcode:2015EL....11010002A, doi:10.1209/0295-5075/110/10002, S2CID 119293843
Mould, J.; Uddin, S. A. (2014-04-10), "Constraining a Possible Variation of G with Type Ia Supernovae", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 31 e015, arXiv:1402.1534, Bibcode:2014PASA...31...15M, doi:10.1017/pasa.2014.9, S2CID 119292899.
Bagdonaite, Julija; Jansen, Paul; Henkel, Christian; Bethlem, Hendrick L.; Menten, Karl M.; Ubachs, Wim (December 13, 2012). "A Stringent Limit on a Drifting Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Alcohol in the Early Universe" (PDF). Science. 339 (6115): 46–48. Bibcode:2013Sci...339...46B. doi:10.1126/science.1224898. hdl:1871/39591. PMID 23239626. S2CID 716087.
Duff, Michael (2015). "How fundamental are fundamental constants?". Contemporary Physics. 56 (1): 35–47. arXiv:1412.2040. Bibcode:2015ConPh..56...35D. doi:10.1080/00107514.2014.980093. hdl:10044/1/68485. S2CID 118347723.
Duff, M. J.; Okun, L. B.; Veneziano, G. (2002). "Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (3): 023. arXiv:physics/0110060. Bibcode:2002JHEP...03..023D. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023. S2CID 15806354.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Barrow, John D. (2002), The Constants of Nature; From Alpha to Omega – The Numbers that Encode the Deepest Secrets of the Universe, Pantheon Books, ISBN 978-0-375-42221-8.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Duff, Michael J.; Okun, Lev B.; Veneziano, Gabriele (March 2002). "Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (03): 023. arXiv:physics/0110060. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023.
Uzan, Jean-Philippe (2011). "Varying Constants, Gravitation and Cosmology". Living Reviews in Relativity. 14 (1) 2. arXiv:1009.5514. Bibcode:2011LRR....14....2U. doi:10.12942/lrr-2011-2. PMC 5256069. PMID 28179829.
Anderson, J. D.; Schubert, G.; Trimble, V.; Feldman, M. R. (April 2015), "Measurements of Newton's gravitational constant and the length of day", EPL, 110 (1) 10002, arXiv:1504.06604, Bibcode:2015EL....11010002A, doi:10.1209/0295-5075/110/10002, S2CID 119293843
Mould, J.; Uddin, S. A. (2014-04-10), "Constraining a Possible Variation of G with Type Ia Supernovae", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 31 e015, arXiv:1402.1534, Bibcode:2014PASA...31...15M, doi:10.1017/pasa.2014.9, S2CID 119292899.
Duff, Michael (2015). "How fundamental are fundamental constants?". Contemporary Physics. 56 (1): 35–47. arXiv:1412.2040. Bibcode:2015ConPh..56...35D. doi:10.1080/00107514.2014.980093. hdl:10044/1/68485. S2CID 118347723.
Duff, Michael J. (13 August 2002). "Comment on time-variation of fundamental constants". arXiv:hep-th/0208093.
Duff, M. J.; Okun, L. B.; Veneziano, G. (2002). "Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (3): 023. arXiv:physics/0110060. Bibcode:2002JHEP...03..023D. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023. S2CID 15806354.

bipm.org (Global: 1,781^st place; English: 2,481^st place)

The International System of Units (PDF), V4.01 (9th ed.), International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Jun 2026, ISBN 978-92-822-2272-0.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Duff, Michael J.; Okun, Lev B.; Veneziano, Gabriele (March 2002). "Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (03): 023. arXiv:physics/0110060. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023.
Uzan, Jean-Philippe (2011). "Varying Constants, Gravitation and Cosmology". Living Reviews in Relativity. 14 (1) 2. arXiv:1009.5514. Bibcode:2011LRR....14....2U. doi:10.12942/lrr-2011-2. PMC 5256069. PMID 28179829.
Lévy-Leblond, J. (1977). "On the conceptual nature of the physical constants". La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento. Series 2. 7 (2): 187–214. Bibcode:1977NCimR...7..187L. doi:10.1007/bf02748049. S2CID 121022139.Lévy-Leblond, J.-M. (1979). "The importance of being (a) Constant". In Toraldo di Francia, G. (ed.). Problems in the Foundations of Physics, Proceedings of the International School of Physics 'Enrico Fermi' Course LXXII, Varenna, Italy, July 25 – August 6, 1977. New York: NorthHolland. pp. 237–263.
Rosenband, T.; et al. (2008). "Frequency Ratio of Al⁺ and Hg⁺ Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place". Science. 319 (5871): 1808–12. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1808R. doi:10.1126/science.1154622. PMID 18323415. S2CID 206511320.
Anderson, J. D.; Schubert, G.; Trimble, V.; Feldman, M. R. (April 2015), "Measurements of Newton's gravitational constant and the length of day", EPL, 110 (1) 10002, arXiv:1504.06604, Bibcode:2015EL....11010002A, doi:10.1209/0295-5075/110/10002, S2CID 119293843
Mould, J.; Uddin, S. A. (2014-04-10), "Constraining a Possible Variation of G with Type Ia Supernovae", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 31 e015, arXiv:1402.1534, Bibcode:2014PASA...31...15M, doi:10.1017/pasa.2014.9, S2CID 119292899.
Bagdonaite, Julija; Jansen, Paul; Henkel, Christian; Bethlem, Hendrick L.; Menten, Karl M.; Ubachs, Wim (December 13, 2012). "A Stringent Limit on a Drifting Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Alcohol in the Early Universe" (PDF). Science. 339 (6115): 46–48. Bibcode:2013Sci...339...46B. doi:10.1126/science.1224898. hdl:1871/39591. PMID 23239626. S2CID 716087.
Duff, Michael (2015). "How fundamental are fundamental constants?". Contemporary Physics. 56 (1): 35–47. arXiv:1412.2040. Bibcode:2015ConPh..56...35D. doi:10.1080/00107514.2014.980093. hdl:10044/1/68485. S2CID 118347723.
Duff, M. J.; Okun, L. B.; Veneziano, G. (2002). "Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (3): 023. arXiv:physics/0110060. Bibcode:2002JHEP...03..023D. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023. S2CID 15806354.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Bagdonaite, Julija; Jansen, Paul; Henkel, Christian; Bethlem, Hendrick L.; Menten, Karl M.; Ubachs, Wim (December 13, 2012). "A Stringent Limit on a Drifting Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Alcohol in the Early Universe" (PDF). Science. 339 (6115): 46–48. Bibcode:2013Sci...339...46B. doi:10.1126/science.1224898. hdl:1871/39591. PMID 23239626. S2CID 716087.
Duff, Michael (2015). "How fundamental are fundamental constants?". Contemporary Physics. 56 (1): 35–47. arXiv:1412.2040. Bibcode:2015ConPh..56...35D. doi:10.1080/00107514.2014.980093. hdl:10044/1/68485. S2CID 118347723.

iso.org (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 1,097^th place)

"ISO 80000-1:2022 Quantities and units – Part 1: General". iso.org. Retrieved 2023-08-31.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Uzan, Jean-Philippe (2011). "Varying Constants, Gravitation and Cosmology". Living Reviews in Relativity. 14 (1) 2. arXiv:1009.5514. Bibcode:2011LRR....14....2U. doi:10.12942/lrr-2011-2. PMC 5256069. PMID 28179829.
Rosenband, T.; et al. (2008). "Frequency Ratio of Al⁺ and Hg⁺ Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place". Science. 319 (5871): 1808–12. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1808R. doi:10.1126/science.1154622. PMID 18323415. S2CID 206511320.
Bagdonaite, Julija; Jansen, Paul; Henkel, Christian; Bethlem, Hendrick L.; Menten, Karl M.; Ubachs, Wim (December 13, 2012). "A Stringent Limit on a Drifting Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Alcohol in the Early Universe" (PDF). Science. 339 (6115): 46–48. Bibcode:2013Sci...339...46B. doi:10.1126/science.1224898. hdl:1871/39591. PMID 23239626. S2CID 716087.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Uzan, Jean-Philippe (2011). "Varying Constants, Gravitation and Cosmology". Living Reviews in Relativity. 14 (1) 2. arXiv:1009.5514. Bibcode:2011LRR....14....2U. doi:10.12942/lrr-2011-2. PMC 5256069. PMID 28179829.

nist.gov (Global: 708^th place; English: 742^nd place)

physics.nist.gov

"Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST". Archived from the original on 2016-01-13. Retrieved 2016-01-14. NIST
"2022 CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: vacuum electric permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: vacuum magnetic permeability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: electron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
"2022 CODATA Value: von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Lévy-Leblond, J. (1977). "On the conceptual nature of the physical constants". La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento. Series 2. 7 (2): 187–214. Bibcode:1977NCimR...7..187L. doi:10.1007/bf02748049. S2CID 121022139.Lévy-Leblond, J.-M. (1979). "The importance of being (a) Constant". In Toraldo di Francia, G. (ed.). Problems in the Foundations of Physics, Proceedings of the International School of Physics 'Enrico Fermi' Course LXXII, Varenna, Italy, July 25 – August 6, 1977. New York: NorthHolland. pp. 237–263.
Rosenband, T.; et al. (2008). "Frequency Ratio of Al⁺ and Hg⁺ Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place". Science. 319 (5871): 1808–12. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1808R. doi:10.1126/science.1154622. PMID 18323415. S2CID 206511320.
Anderson, J. D.; Schubert, G.; Trimble, V.; Feldman, M. R. (April 2015), "Measurements of Newton's gravitational constant and the length of day", EPL, 110 (1) 10002, arXiv:1504.06604, Bibcode:2015EL....11010002A, doi:10.1209/0295-5075/110/10002, S2CID 119293843
Mould, J.; Uddin, S. A. (2014-04-10), "Constraining a Possible Variation of G with Type Ia Supernovae", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 31 e015, arXiv:1402.1534, Bibcode:2014PASA...31...15M, doi:10.1017/pasa.2014.9, S2CID 119292899.
Bagdonaite, Julija; Jansen, Paul; Henkel, Christian; Bethlem, Hendrick L.; Menten, Karl M.; Ubachs, Wim (December 13, 2012). "A Stringent Limit on a Drifting Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Alcohol in the Early Universe" (PDF). Science. 339 (6115): 46–48. Bibcode:2013Sci...339...46B. doi:10.1126/science.1224898. hdl:1871/39591. PMID 23239626. S2CID 716087.
Duff, Michael (2015). "How fundamental are fundamental constants?". Contemporary Physics. 56 (1): 35–47. arXiv:1412.2040. Bibcode:2015ConPh..56...35D. doi:10.1080/00107514.2014.980093. hdl:10044/1/68485. S2CID 118347723.
Duff, M. J.; Okun, L. B.; Veneziano, G. (2002). "Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2002 (3): 023. arXiv:physics/0110060. Bibcode:2002JHEP...03..023D. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023. S2CID 15806354.

space.com (Global: 862^nd place; English: 703^rd place)

Moskowitz, Clara (December 13, 2012). "Phew! Universe's Constant Has Stayed Constant". Space.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

Duff, Michael (2015). "How fundamental are fundamental constants?". Contemporary Physics. 56 (1): 35–47. arXiv:1412.2040. Bibcode:2015ConPh..56...35D. doi:10.1080/00107514.2014.980093. hdl:10044/1/68485. S2CID 118347723.

vu.nl (Global: 8,771^st place; English: 6,166^th place)

research.vu.nl

Bagdonaite, Julija; Jansen, Paul; Henkel, Christian; Bethlem, Hendrick L.; Menten, Karl M.; Ubachs, Wim (December 13, 2012). "A Stringent Limit on a Drifting Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Alcohol in the Early Universe" (PDF). Science. 339 (6115): 46–48. Bibcode:2013Sci...339...46B. doi:10.1126/science.1224898. hdl:1871/39591. PMID 23239626. S2CID 716087.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST". Archived from the original on 2016-01-13. Retrieved 2016-01-14. NIST
Moskowitz, Clara (December 13, 2012). "Phew! Universe's Constant Has Stayed Constant". Space.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Rosenband, T.; et al. (2008). "Frequency Ratio of Al⁺ and Hg⁺ Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place". Science. 319 (5871): 1808–12. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1808R. doi:10.1126/science.1154622. PMID 18323415. S2CID 206511320.

Physical constant (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

bipm.org (Global: 1,781st place; English: 2,481st place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

iso.org (Global: 1,190th place; English: 1,097th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)