Polystyrene (English Wikipedia)

"Common Plastic Resins Used in Packaging". Introduction to Plastics Science Teaching Resources. American Chemistry Council, Inc. Retrieved 24 December 2012.

americanchemistry.com

"Ease of Disposal". Archived from the original on 7 June 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2009.

anl.gov

newton.dep.anl.gov

Polystyrene Foam Burning Danger Archived 26 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Newton.dep.anl.gov. Retrieved 25 December 2011. Q and A page with an partially incorrect information.

archive.org

Berthelot, M. (1866) "Sur Les caractères de la benzine et du styrolène, comparés avec ceux des Autres carburetors d'hydrogène" ("On the characters of benzene and styrene, compared with those of other hydrocarbons"), Bulletin de la Société Chimique de Paris, 2nd series, 6: 289–298. From p. 294: "On sait que le stryolène chauffé en vase scellé à 200°, pendant Quelques heures, se change en un polymère résineux (métastyrol), et que ce polymère, distillé brusquement, reproduit le styrolène." ("One knows that styrene [when] heated in a sealed vessel at 200 °C, for several hours, is changed into a resinous polymer (polystyrene), and that this polymer, [when] distilled abruptly, reproduces styrene.")

archive.today

"Celebrating 50 Years of Excellence in People and Products". Dart Container Corporation. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2012.

azocleantech.com

"What is Pyrolysis?". AZoCleantech.com. 29 December 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2019.

baltimoresun.com

The Sun, Baltimore (24 May 2019). "Maryland's new laws: banning foam food containers, raising tobacco-buying age, reforming UMMS board". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.

barrule.com

Norton, Jed. "Blue Foam, Pink Foam and Foam Board". Antenociti's Workshop. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2008.

bloombergenvironment.com

news.bloombergenvironment.com

Andrew M. Ballard. "Maryland Foam Packaging Ban, Energy Bills to Become Law". news.bloombergenvironment.com. Retrieved 20 June 2019.

books.google.com

Wunsch, J.R. (2000). Polystyrene – Synthesis, Production and Applications. iSmithers Rapra Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-85957-191-0. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
John Scheirs; Duane Priddy (28 March 2003). Modern Styrenic Polymers: Polystyrenes and Styrenic Copolymers. John Wiley & Sons. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-471-49752-3.
Blyth, John, and Hofmann, Aug. Wilh. (1845). "Ueber das Stryol und einige seiner Zersetzungsproducte" ("On styrol and some of its decomposition products"), Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 53(3): 289–329.
Goodier, K. (22 June 1961). "Making and using an expanded plastic". New Scientist. 240: 706.

bpf.co.uk

"Moulding Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)".

canada.ca

nrc-publications.canada.ca

Mihai, Mihaela; Huneault, Michel A.; Favis, Basil D. (2016). "Foaming of Polystyrene/ Thermoplastic Starch Blends". Journal of Cellular Plastics. 43 (3): 215–236. doi:10.1177/0021955X07076532. S2CID 135968555.

canterbury.ac.nz

ir.canterbury.ac.nz

Nelligan, R.J. (2006). Guidelines for the use of expanded foam polystyrene panel systems in industrial buildings to minimize the risk of fire (PDF) (MS Thesis). OCLC 166313665.

ceresana.com

Expandable Polystyrene, Insight database from Ceresana Research

chemgapedia.de

chemicalsafetyfacts.org

"Polystyrene". ChemicalSafetyFacts.org. American Chemistry Council. May 2014. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2017.

dartcontainer.com

"Celebrating 50 Years of Excellence in People and Products". Dart Container Corporation. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2012.

depron.co.uk

"Technical details". Depron foam. Retrieved 17 June 2020.

dinegreen.com

"Disposables Standard". Green Restaurant Association. Retrieved 14 December 2016.

doi.org

Wypych, George (2012). "PS polystyrene". Handbook of Polymers. pp. 541–7. doi:10.1016/B978-1-895198-47-8.50162-4. ISBN 978-1-895198-47-8.
Maul, J.; Frushour, B. G.; Kontoff, J. R.; Eichenauer, H.; Ott, K.-H. and Schade, C. (2007) "Polystyrene and Styrene Copolymers" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_615.pub2
Carroll, Gregory T.; Sojka, Melissa E.; Lei, Xuegong; Turro, Nicholas J.; Koberstein, Jeffrey T. (1 August 2006). "Photoactive Additives for Cross-Linking Polymer Films: Inhibition of Dewetting in Thin Polymer Films". Langmuir. 22 (18): 7748–7754. doi:10.1021/la0611099. ISSN 0743-7463. PMID 16922559.
Kwon BG, Saido K, Koizumi K, Sato H, Ogawa N, Chung SY, Kusui T, Kodera Y, Kogure K, et al. (May 2014). "Regional distribution of styrene analogues generated from polystyrene degradation along the coastlines of the North-East Pacific Ocean and Hawaii". Environmental Pollution. 188: 45–9. Bibcode:2014EPoll.188...45K. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.019. PMID 24553245.
Natta, G.; Corradini, P.; Bassi, I. W. (1960). "Crystal structure of isotactic polystyrene". Il Nuovo Cimento. 15 (S1): 68–82. Bibcode:1960NCim...15S..68N. doi:10.1007/BF02731861. S2CID 119808547.
Ho, Ba Thanh; Roberts, Timothy K.; Lucas, Steven (August 2017). "An overview on biodegradation of polystyrene and modified polystyrene: the microbial approach". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 38 (2): 308–320. doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1355293. PMID 28764575. S2CID 13417812.
Yang Y, Yang J, Wu WM, Zhao J, Song Y, Gao L, Yang R, Jiang L (October 2015). "Biodegradation and Mineralization of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Mealworms: Part 1. Chemical and Physical Characterization and Isotopic Tests". Environmental Science & Technology. 49 (20): 12080–6. Bibcode:2015EnST...4912080Y. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b02661. PMID 26390034.
Sun, Jiarui; Prabhu, Apoorva; Aroney, Samuel T. N.; Christian, Rinke (2022). "Insights into plastic biodegradation: community composition and functional capabilities of the superworm (Zophobas morio) microbiome in styrofoam feeding trials". Microbial Genomics. 8 (6): 1–19. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000842. PMC 9455710. PMID 35678705.
Ward PG, Goff M, Donner M, Kaminsky W, O'Connor KE (April 2006). "A two step chemo-biotechnological conversion of polystyrene to a biodegradable thermoplastic". Environmental Science & Technology. 40 (7): 2433–7. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.2433W. doi:10.1021/es0517668. PMID 16649270.
Doroudiani, Saeed; Kortschot, Mark T. (2016). "Expanded Wood Fiber Polystyrene Composites: Processing–Structure–Mechanical Properties Relationships". Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. 17: 13–30. doi:10.1177/0892705704035405. S2CID 138224146.
Doroudiani, Saeed; Chaffey, Charles E.; Kortschot, Mark T. (2002). "Sorption and diffusion of carbon dioxide in wood-fiber/polystyrene composites". Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics. 40 (8): 723–735. Bibcode:2002JPoSB..40..723D. doi:10.1002/polb.10129.
Mihai, Mihaela; Huneault, Michel A.; Favis, Basil D. (2016). "Foaming of Polystyrene/ Thermoplastic Starch Blends". Journal of Cellular Plastics. 43 (3): 215–236. doi:10.1177/0021955X07076532. S2CID 135968555.
Faller, Ronald; Bielenberg, Robert; Sicking, Dean; Rohde, John; Reid, John (5 December 2006). Development and Testing of the SAFER Barrier – Version 2, SAFER Barrier Gate, and Alternative Backup Structure. SAE Mobilus (Report). SAE Technical Paper Series. Vol. 1. doi:10.4271/2006-01-3612.
Bielenberg, Robert W.; Rohde, John D.; Reid, John D. (1 January 2005). Design of the SAFER Emergency Gate Using LS-DYNA. Engineering/Technology Management. ASMEDC. pp. 345–352. doi:10.1115/imece2005-81078. ISBN 0-7918-4230-4.
Mills, N.J.; Wilkes, S.; Derler, S.; Flisch, A. (July 2009). "FEA of oblique impact tests on a motorcycle helmet". International Journal of Impact Engineering. 36 (7): 913–925. Bibcode:2009IJIE...36..913M. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.12.011. ISSN 0734-743X. S2CID 138180148.
Al-Ajlan, Saleh A. (1 December 2006). "Measurements of thermal properties of insulation materials by using transient plane source technique". Applied Thermal Engineering. 26 (17): 2184–2191. Bibcode:2006AppTE..26.2184A. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.04.006. ISSN 1359-4311.
Yousif, Emad; Haddad, Raghad (December 2013). "Photodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene: review". SpringerPlus. 2 (1): 398. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-398. PMC 4320144. PMID 25674392.
Karbalaei, Samaneh; Hanachi, Parichehr; Rafiee, Gholamreza; Seifori, Parvaneh; Walker, Tony R. (September 2020). "Toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) after individual and combined exposure with chlorpyrifos". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 403: 123980. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123980. PMID 33265019. S2CID 224995527.
Schnurr, Riley E.J.; Alboiu, Vanessa; Chaudhary, Meenakshi; Corbett, Roan A.; Quanz, Meaghan E.; Sankar, Karthikeshwar; Srain, Harveer S.; Thavarajah, Venukasan; Xanthos, Dirk; Walker, Tony R. (2018). "Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A review". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 137: 157–171. Bibcode:2018MarPB.137..157S. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001. PMID 30503422. S2CID 54522420.
Oh, Sewon; Stache, Erin E. (6 April 2022). "Chemical Upcycling of Commercial Polystyrene via Catalyst-Controlled Photooxidation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (13): 5745–5749. Bibcode:2022JAChS.144.5745O. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c01411. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 35319868. S2CID 247629479.
Hawley-Fedder, R.A.; Parsons, M.L.; Karasek, F.W. (1984). "Products obtained during combustion of polymers under simulated incinerator conditions". Journal of Chromatography A. 315: 201–210. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90737-X. Quoted from a campaign site giving no details of the original source and experiment conditions.
Gurman, Joshua L. (1987). "Polystyrenes: A Review of the Literature on the Products of Thermal Decomposition and Toxicity". Fire and Materials. 11 (3). NIST: 109–130. doi:10.1002/fam.810110302. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
Cohen JT; Carlson G; Charnley G; Coggon D; Delzell E; Graham JD; Greim H; Krewski D; Medinsky M; Monson R; Paustenbach D; Petersen B; Rappaport S; Rhomberg L; Ryan PB; Thompson K (2011). "A comprehensive evaluation of the potential health risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews. 5 (1–2): 1–265. doi:10.1080/10937400252972162. PMID 12012775. S2CID 5547163.
- "A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Potential Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Styrene". The McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment.
- Sakamoto, Hiromi; Matsuzaka, Ayako; Itoh, Rimiko; Tohyama, Yuko (2000). "使い捨て弁当容器から溶出するスチレンダイマー及びトリマーの定量" [Quantitative Analysis of Styrene Dimer and Trimers Migrated from Disposable Lunch Boxes]. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (in Japanese). 41 (3): 200–205. doi:10.3358/shokueishi.41.200.
- Yanagiba Y, Ito Y, Yamanoshita O, Zhang SY, Watanabe G, Taya K, Li CM, Inotsume Y, Kamijima M, Gonzalez FJ, Nakajima T (June 2008). "Styrene trimer may increase thyroid hormone levels via down-regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target gene UDP-glucuronosyltransferase". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (6): 740–5. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116..740Y. doi:10.1289/ehp.10724. PMC 2430229. PMID 18560529.

dow.com

building.dow.com

"Dow Chemical Company Styrofoam page". Archived from the original on 24 March 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2019.

earthresource.org

Polystyrene Foam Report Archived 25 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Earth Resource Foundation.

ecclestons.com

EPS recycling. Archived 22 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Eccleston & Hart Polystrene. Retrieved 21 July 2016.

ejnet.org

"Polystyrene & Health Homepage". Energy Justice Network. Retrieved 9 December 2013.

emagazine.com

Dineen, Shauna (November–December 2005). "The Throwaway Generation: 25 Billion Styrofoam Cups a Year". E-The Environmental Magazine. Archived from the original on 12 November 2006.

environmentamerica.org

"Statement: Maryland becomes the second state to ban plastic foam containers". environmentamerica.org. Retrieved 20 June 2019.

epa.gov

Global Warming Potentials of ODS Substitutes. EPA.gov

epsindustry.org

"XPS Insulation Extracted After Field Exposure Confirms High Water Absorption & Diminished R‐Value" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, EPS Below Grade Series 105, March 2014, Technical Bulletin, EPS Industry Alliance.

epspackaging.org

"Recycle Your EPS". EPS Industry Alliance. Retrieved 11 December 2017.

europa.eu

eur-lex.europa.eu

"Directive (EU) 2019/904". Official Journal of the European Union. Retrieved 6 January 2022.

expandedpoly.co.uk

https://expandedpoly.co.uk/environment/ Polystyrene recycling. Retrieved 17 October 2019.

fbcnews.com.fj

"Grace period for polystyrene products". Fiji Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 12 December 2020.

fda.gov

accessdata.fda.gov

"Sec. 177.1640 Polystyrene and rubber-modified polystyrene". Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21—Food and Drugs, Subchapter B—Food for Human Consumption. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 4 April 2014.

foamular.com

Owens Corning FOAMULAR Extruded Polystrene Insulation: Resisting Water Absorption, the Key for High-Performance Foam Plastic Rigid Insulation, Technical Bulletin, Pub. No. 10011642-A, September 2011,

freeportmaine.com

"CHAPTER 33 STYROFOAM ORDINANCE". Ordinances. Town of Freeport, Maine. Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2012.

hal.science

Mills, N.J.; Wilkes, S.; Derler, S.; Flisch, A. (July 2009). "FEA of oblique impact tests on a motorcycle helmet". International Journal of Impact Engineering. 36 (7): 913–925. Bibcode:2009IJIE...36..913M. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.12.011. ISSN 0734-743X. S2CID 138180148.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Kwon BG, Saido K, Koizumi K, Sato H, Ogawa N, Chung SY, Kusui T, Kodera Y, Kogure K, et al. (May 2014). "Regional distribution of styrene analogues generated from polystyrene degradation along the coastlines of the North-East Pacific Ocean and Hawaii". Environmental Pollution. 188: 45–9. Bibcode:2014EPoll.188...45K. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.019. PMID 24553245.
Natta, G.; Corradini, P.; Bassi, I. W. (1960). "Crystal structure of isotactic polystyrene". Il Nuovo Cimento. 15 (S1): 68–82. Bibcode:1960NCim...15S..68N. doi:10.1007/BF02731861. S2CID 119808547.
Yang Y, Yang J, Wu WM, Zhao J, Song Y, Gao L, Yang R, Jiang L (October 2015). "Biodegradation and Mineralization of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Mealworms: Part 1. Chemical and Physical Characterization and Isotopic Tests". Environmental Science & Technology. 49 (20): 12080–6. Bibcode:2015EnST...4912080Y. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b02661. PMID 26390034.
Ward PG, Goff M, Donner M, Kaminsky W, O'Connor KE (April 2006). "A two step chemo-biotechnological conversion of polystyrene to a biodegradable thermoplastic". Environmental Science & Technology. 40 (7): 2433–7. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.2433W. doi:10.1021/es0517668. PMID 16649270.
Doroudiani, Saeed; Chaffey, Charles E.; Kortschot, Mark T. (2002). "Sorption and diffusion of carbon dioxide in wood-fiber/polystyrene composites". Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics. 40 (8): 723–735. Bibcode:2002JPoSB..40..723D. doi:10.1002/polb.10129.
Mills, N.J.; Wilkes, S.; Derler, S.; Flisch, A. (July 2009). "FEA of oblique impact tests on a motorcycle helmet". International Journal of Impact Engineering. 36 (7): 913–925. Bibcode:2009IJIE...36..913M. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.12.011. ISSN 0734-743X. S2CID 138180148.
Al-Ajlan, Saleh A. (1 December 2006). "Measurements of thermal properties of insulation materials by using transient plane source technique". Applied Thermal Engineering. 26 (17): 2184–2191. Bibcode:2006AppTE..26.2184A. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.04.006. ISSN 1359-4311.
Schnurr, Riley E.J.; Alboiu, Vanessa; Chaudhary, Meenakshi; Corbett, Roan A.; Quanz, Meaghan E.; Sankar, Karthikeshwar; Srain, Harveer S.; Thavarajah, Venukasan; Xanthos, Dirk; Walker, Tony R. (2018). "Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A review". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 137: 157–171. Bibcode:2018MarPB.137..157S. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001. PMID 30503422. S2CID 54522420.
Oh, Sewon; Stache, Erin E. (6 April 2022). "Chemical Upcycling of Commercial Polystyrene via Catalyst-Controlled Photooxidation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (13): 5745–5749. Bibcode:2022JAChS.144.5745O. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c01411. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 35319868. S2CID 247629479.
Yanagiba Y, Ito Y, Yamanoshita O, Zhang SY, Watanabe G, Taya K, Li CM, Inotsume Y, Kamijima M, Gonzalez FJ, Nakajima T (June 2008). "Styrene trimer may increase thyroid hormone levels via down-regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target gene UDP-glucuronosyltransferase". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (6): 740–5. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116..740Y. doi:10.1289/ehp.10724. PMC 2430229. PMID 18560529.

health.harvard.edu

"Microwaving food in plastic: Dangerous or not?". Harvard Health. 20 September 2017.

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

Simon, E. (1839) "Ueber den flüssigen Storax (Styrax liquidus)" [On liquid storax (Styrax liquidus)], Annalen der Chemie, 31 : 265–277.

herald.co.zw

"Government bans kaylite packaging". The Herald. 13 July 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
"Expanded polystyrene (kaylite): What are its impacts?". The Herald. 12 July 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.

idemitsu.com

"XAREC Syndiotactic Polystyrene – Petrochemicals – Idemitsu Kosan Global". www.idemitsu.com. Retrieved 1 January 2016.

iisrp.com

"styrenic block copolymers – IISRP" (PDF).

invent.org

"Otis Ray McIntire". National Inventor's Hall of Fame. 16 August 2023.
"NIHF Inductee Otis Ray McIntire Invented STYROFOAM Brand Foam". www.invent.org. Retrieved 18 June 2022.

irishtimes.com

"Foul Play Considered in Channel Tunnel Fire Inquiry". The Irish Times. 28 November 1996. Retrieved 14 January 2018.

latimes.com

"Berkeley Widens Ban on Foam Food Containers". The Los Angeles Times. 16 June 1988. Retrieved 23 December 2012.

libretexts.org

chem.libretexts.org

"The Phenyl Group". Chemistry LibreTexts. 2 October 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2022.

livescience.com

Roy, Robert (7 March 2006). "Immortal Polystyrene Foam Meets its Enemy". LiveScience. Retrieved 17 January 2019.

livingearthsystems.com

"Think you can't compost styrofoam? Mealworms are the answer!". Blog. Living Earth Systems. 8 October 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017.

mclaughlincentre.ca

Cohen JT; Carlson G; Charnley G; Coggon D; Delzell E; Graham JD; Greim H; Krewski D; Medinsky M; Monson R; Paustenbach D; Petersen B; Rappaport S; Rhomberg L; Ryan PB; Thompson K (2011). "A comprehensive evaluation of the potential health risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews. 5 (1–2): 1–265. doi:10.1080/10937400252972162. PMID 12012775. S2CID 5547163.
- "A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Potential Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Styrene". The McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment.

mdlcv.org

"2019 Foam Ban". Maryland League of Conservation Voters. 30 May 2019. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.

msnbc.com

Tony Dokoupil (22 September 2015). "msnbc.com". msnbc.com. Retrieved 17 January 2019.

nathanibiz.com

"National Commercial Corporation". www.nathanibiz.com. Retrieved 18 June 2022.

nbcbayarea.com

Sanchez, Kris (27 August 2013). "San Jose Approves Styrofoam Ban". NBC. Retrieved 30 August 2013.

neotherm.ie

"Products: graphite enhanced polystyrene". Neotherm Ltd. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Carroll, Gregory T.; Sojka, Melissa E.; Lei, Xuegong; Turro, Nicholas J.; Koberstein, Jeffrey T. (1 August 2006). "Photoactive Additives for Cross-Linking Polymer Films: Inhibition of Dewetting in Thin Polymer Films". Langmuir. 22 (18): 7748–7754. doi:10.1021/la0611099. ISSN 0743-7463. PMID 16922559.
Kwon BG, Saido K, Koizumi K, Sato H, Ogawa N, Chung SY, Kusui T, Kodera Y, Kogure K, et al. (May 2014). "Regional distribution of styrene analogues generated from polystyrene degradation along the coastlines of the North-East Pacific Ocean and Hawaii". Environmental Pollution. 188: 45–9. Bibcode:2014EPoll.188...45K. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.01.019. PMID 24553245.
Ho, Ba Thanh; Roberts, Timothy K.; Lucas, Steven (August 2017). "An overview on biodegradation of polystyrene and modified polystyrene: the microbial approach". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 38 (2): 308–320. doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1355293. PMID 28764575. S2CID 13417812.
Yang Y, Yang J, Wu WM, Zhao J, Song Y, Gao L, Yang R, Jiang L (October 2015). "Biodegradation and Mineralization of Polystyrene by Plastic-Eating Mealworms: Part 1. Chemical and Physical Characterization and Isotopic Tests". Environmental Science & Technology. 49 (20): 12080–6. Bibcode:2015EnST...4912080Y. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b02661. PMID 26390034.
Sun, Jiarui; Prabhu, Apoorva; Aroney, Samuel T. N.; Christian, Rinke (2022). "Insights into plastic biodegradation: community composition and functional capabilities of the superworm (Zophobas morio) microbiome in styrofoam feeding trials". Microbial Genomics. 8 (6): 1–19. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000842. PMC 9455710. PMID 35678705.
Ward PG, Goff M, Donner M, Kaminsky W, O'Connor KE (April 2006). "A two step chemo-biotechnological conversion of polystyrene to a biodegradable thermoplastic". Environmental Science & Technology. 40 (7): 2433–7. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.2433W. doi:10.1021/es0517668. PMID 16649270.
Yousif, Emad; Haddad, Raghad (December 2013). "Photodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene: review". SpringerPlus. 2 (1): 398. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-398. PMC 4320144. PMID 25674392.
Karbalaei, Samaneh; Hanachi, Parichehr; Rafiee, Gholamreza; Seifori, Parvaneh; Walker, Tony R. (September 2020). "Toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) after individual and combined exposure with chlorpyrifos". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 403: 123980. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123980. PMID 33265019. S2CID 224995527.
Schnurr, Riley E.J.; Alboiu, Vanessa; Chaudhary, Meenakshi; Corbett, Roan A.; Quanz, Meaghan E.; Sankar, Karthikeshwar; Srain, Harveer S.; Thavarajah, Venukasan; Xanthos, Dirk; Walker, Tony R. (2018). "Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A review". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 137: 157–171. Bibcode:2018MarPB.137..157S. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001. PMID 30503422. S2CID 54522420.
Oh, Sewon; Stache, Erin E. (6 April 2022). "Chemical Upcycling of Commercial Polystyrene via Catalyst-Controlled Photooxidation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (13): 5745–5749. Bibcode:2022JAChS.144.5745O. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c01411. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 35319868. S2CID 247629479.
Cohen JT; Carlson G; Charnley G; Coggon D; Delzell E; Graham JD; Greim H; Krewski D; Medinsky M; Monson R; Paustenbach D; Petersen B; Rappaport S; Rhomberg L; Ryan PB; Thompson K (2011). "A comprehensive evaluation of the potential health risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews. 5 (1–2): 1–265. doi:10.1080/10937400252972162. PMID 12012775. S2CID 5547163.
- "A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Potential Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Styrene". The McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment.
- Yanagiba Y, Ito Y, Yamanoshita O, Zhang SY, Watanabe G, Taya K, Li CM, Inotsume Y, Kamijima M, Gonzalez FJ, Nakajima T (June 2008). "Styrene trimer may increase thyroid hormone levels via down-regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target gene UDP-glucuronosyltransferase". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (6): 740–5. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116..740Y. doi:10.1289/ehp.10724. PMC 2430229. PMID 18560529.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Sun, Jiarui; Prabhu, Apoorva; Aroney, Samuel T. N.; Christian, Rinke (2022). "Insights into plastic biodegradation: community composition and functional capabilities of the superworm (Zophobas morio) microbiome in styrofoam feeding trials". Microbial Genomics. 8 (6): 1–19. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000842. PMC 9455710. PMID 35678705.
- Yousif, Emad; Haddad, Raghad (December 2013). "Photodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene: review". SpringerPlus. 2 (1): 398. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-398. PMC 4320144. PMID 25674392.
- Yanagiba Y, Ito Y, Yamanoshita O, Zhang SY, Watanabe G, Taya K, Li CM, Inotsume Y, Kamijima M, Gonzalez FJ, Nakajima T (June 2008). "Styrene trimer may increase thyroid hormone levels via down-regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target gene UDP-glucuronosyltransferase". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (6): 740–5. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116..740Y. doi:10.1289/ehp.10724. PMC 2430229. PMID 18560529.
ntp.niehs.nih.gov
- National Toxicology Program (10 June 2011). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2011.

nist.gov

tsapps.nist.gov

Gurman, Joshua L. (1987). "Polystyrenes: A Review of the Literature on the Products of Thermal Decomposition and Toxicity". Fire and Materials. 11 (3). NIST: 109–130. doi:10.1002/fam.810110302. Retrieved 18 February 2021.

nytimes.com

"Berkeley Barring Use of a Food Container". The New York Times. Associated Press. 24 September 1987. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
"Suffolk Votes A Bill to Ban Plastic Bags". The New York Times. 30 March 1988. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
Hevesi, Dennis (4 March 1990). "Ban on Plastics in Suffolk Is Overturned". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
Barbanel, Josh (4 March 1992). "Vote Blocks Plastics Ban For Suffolk". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
Zaveri, Mihir (25 September 2020). "Even Paper Bags Will Be Banned From N.J. Supermarkets". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
Harris, Gardiner (10 June 2011). "Government Says 2 Common Materials Pose Risk of Cancer". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 June 2011.

oaklandnet.com

clerkwebsvr1.oaklandnet.com

Quan, Jean (13 June 2006). "letter to Public Works Committee" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2014.

pagev.org

Vidco. "PAGEV". PAGEV. Retrieved 18 June 2022.

patents.google.com

"Polystyrene phonograph record and process of manufacture". 22 March 1949. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
US9738739B2, Digenis, George A. & Digenis, Alexander G., "Method of fixing radioactive tritiated water in a stable tritiated polystyrene product", issued 2017-08-22
U.S. patent 02,023,204

plasticfoodservicefacts.com

"Q & A on the Safety of Polystyrene Foodservice Products". American Chemistry Council. 2010–2011. Archived from the original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2011.

plasticsnews.com

Ying Sun, Nina & Toloken, Steve (21 March 2013). "China moves to end its 'ban' on PS food packaging". Plastics News. Retrieved 10 June 2013.

recordnet.com

"Business Gives Styrofoam a Rare Redemption". 21 September 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2022.

sciencedirect.com

Al-Ajlan, Saleh A. (1 December 2006). "Measurements of thermal properties of insulation materials by using transient plane source technique". Applied Thermal Engineering. 26 (17): 2184–2191. Bibcode:2006AppTE..26.2184A. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.04.006. ISSN 1359-4311.

sciencehistory.org

"Styrofoam, a Practical and Problematic Creation". Science History Institute. 31 July 2018.

scientificamerican.com

Biello, David (27 February 2006). "Bacteria Turn Styrofoam into Biodegradable Plastic". Scientific American.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Natta, G.; Corradini, P.; Bassi, I. W. (1960). "Crystal structure of isotactic polystyrene". Il Nuovo Cimento. 15 (S1): 68–82. Bibcode:1960NCim...15S..68N. doi:10.1007/BF02731861. S2CID 119808547.
Ho, Ba Thanh; Roberts, Timothy K.; Lucas, Steven (August 2017). "An overview on biodegradation of polystyrene and modified polystyrene: the microbial approach". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 38 (2): 308–320. doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1355293. PMID 28764575. S2CID 13417812.
Doroudiani, Saeed; Kortschot, Mark T. (2016). "Expanded Wood Fiber Polystyrene Composites: Processing–Structure–Mechanical Properties Relationships". Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials. 17: 13–30. doi:10.1177/0892705704035405. S2CID 138224146.
Mihai, Mihaela; Huneault, Michel A.; Favis, Basil D. (2016). "Foaming of Polystyrene/ Thermoplastic Starch Blends". Journal of Cellular Plastics. 43 (3): 215–236. doi:10.1177/0021955X07076532. S2CID 135968555.
Mills, N.J.; Wilkes, S.; Derler, S.; Flisch, A. (July 2009). "FEA of oblique impact tests on a motorcycle helmet". International Journal of Impact Engineering. 36 (7): 913–925. Bibcode:2009IJIE...36..913M. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.12.011. ISSN 0734-743X. S2CID 138180148.
Karbalaei, Samaneh; Hanachi, Parichehr; Rafiee, Gholamreza; Seifori, Parvaneh; Walker, Tony R. (September 2020). "Toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) after individual and combined exposure with chlorpyrifos". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 403: 123980. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123980. PMID 33265019. S2CID 224995527.
Schnurr, Riley E.J.; Alboiu, Vanessa; Chaudhary, Meenakshi; Corbett, Roan A.; Quanz, Meaghan E.; Sankar, Karthikeshwar; Srain, Harveer S.; Thavarajah, Venukasan; Xanthos, Dirk; Walker, Tony R. (2018). "Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A review". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 137: 157–171. Bibcode:2018MarPB.137..157S. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001. PMID 30503422. S2CID 54522420.
Oh, Sewon; Stache, Erin E. (6 April 2022). "Chemical Upcycling of Commercial Polystyrene via Catalyst-Controlled Photooxidation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (13): 5745–5749. Bibcode:2022JAChS.144.5745O. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c01411. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 35319868. S2CID 247629479.
Cohen JT; Carlson G; Charnley G; Coggon D; Delzell E; Graham JD; Greim H; Krewski D; Medinsky M; Monson R; Paustenbach D; Petersen B; Rappaport S; Rhomberg L; Ryan PB; Thompson K (2011). "A comprehensive evaluation of the potential health risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews. 5 (1–2): 1–265. doi:10.1080/10937400252972162. PMID 12012775. S2CID 5547163.
- "A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Potential Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Styrene". The McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment.

sfchronicle.com

"S.F. supervisors OK toughest ban on foam packaging in U.S". 30 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.

sfgate.com

Herron Zamora, Jim (28 June 2006). "Styrofoam food packaging banned in Oakland". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 23 December 2012.

stanford.edu

news.stanford.edu

Jordan, R. (29 September 2015). "Plastic-eating worms may offer solution to mounting waste, Stanford researchers discover". Stanford News Service. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2017.

storage.googleapis.com

patentimages.storage.googleapis.com

Howard, Kevin A. (8 June 1993). "Method for manufacturing expanded polystyrene foam components from used polystyrene materials" (PDF). United States Patent.

thermalps.com.au

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Technical Data (PDF). Australia: Australian Urethane & Styrene. 2010.

unep.org

Environment, U. N. (21 October 2021). "Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics". UNEP - UN Environment Programme. Retrieved 21 March 2022.

vancouver.ca

Single-Use Item Reduction Strategy, Zero Waste 2040 City of Vancouver, 2018

vgtu.lt

leidykla.vgtu.lt

Gnip, Ivan et al. (2007) LONG-TERM WATER ABSORPTION OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE BOARDS Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Institute of Thermal Insulation of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University

wastedive.com

Pyzyk, Katie (29 March 2019). "European Parliament approves 2021 single-use plastics ban". Waste Dive. Retrieved 6 January 2022.

web.archive.org

Jordan, R. (29 September 2015). "Plastic-eating worms may offer solution to mounting waste, Stanford researchers discover". Stanford News Service. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Norton, Jed. "Blue Foam, Pink Foam and Foam Board". Antenociti's Workshop. Archived from the original on 26 February 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
"Polystyrene". ChemicalSafetyFacts.org. American Chemistry Council. May 2014. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
"Products: graphite enhanced polystyrene". Neotherm Ltd. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
"Dow Chemical Company Styrofoam page". Archived from the original on 24 March 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
Gnip, Ivan et al. (2007) LONG-TERM WATER ABSORPTION OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE BOARDS Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Institute of Thermal Insulation of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
"XPS Insulation Extracted After Field Exposure Confirms High Water Absorption & Diminished R‐Value" Archived 6 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, EPS Below Grade Series 105, March 2014, Technical Bulletin, EPS Industry Alliance.
Polystyrene Foam Report Archived 25 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Earth Resource Foundation.
"CHAPTER 33 STYROFOAM ORDINANCE". Ordinances. Town of Freeport, Maine. Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
Dineen, Shauna (November–December 2005). "The Throwaway Generation: 25 Billion Styrofoam Cups a Year". E-The Environmental Magazine. Archived from the original on 12 November 2006.
"2019 Foam Ban". Maryland League of Conservation Voters. 30 May 2019. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
Quan, Jean (13 June 2006). "letter to Public Works Committee" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
EPS recycling. Archived 22 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Eccleston & Hart Polystrene. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
Polystyrene Foam Burning Danger Archived 26 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Newton.dep.anl.gov. Retrieved 25 December 2011. Q and A page with an partially incorrect information.
"Ease of Disposal". Archived from the original on 7 June 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
"Q & A on the Safety of Polystyrene Foodservice Products". American Chemistry Council. 2010–2011. Archived from the original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
National Toxicology Program (10 June 2011). "12th Report on Carcinogens". National Toxicology Program. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2011.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Carroll, Gregory T.; Sojka, Melissa E.; Lei, Xuegong; Turro, Nicholas J.; Koberstein, Jeffrey T. (1 August 2006). "Photoactive Additives for Cross-Linking Polymer Films: Inhibition of Dewetting in Thin Polymer Films". Langmuir. 22 (18): 7748–7754. doi:10.1021/la0611099. ISSN 0743-7463. PMID 16922559.
Mills, N.J.; Wilkes, S.; Derler, S.; Flisch, A. (July 2009). "FEA of oblique impact tests on a motorcycle helmet". International Journal of Impact Engineering. 36 (7): 913–925. Bibcode:2009IJIE...36..913M. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.12.011. ISSN 0734-743X. S2CID 138180148.
Al-Ajlan, Saleh A. (1 December 2006). "Measurements of thermal properties of insulation materials by using transient plane source technique". Applied Thermal Engineering. 26 (17): 2184–2191. Bibcode:2006AppTE..26.2184A. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.04.006. ISSN 1359-4311.
Domininghaus, Hans. (2012). Kunststoffe: Eigenschaften und Anwendungen. Elsner, Peter., Eyerer, Peter., Hirth, Thomas. (8., neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage ed.). Heidelberg: Springer. ISBN 9783642161735. OCLC 834590709.
Oh, Sewon; Stache, Erin E. (6 April 2022). "Chemical Upcycling of Commercial Polystyrene via Catalyst-Controlled Photooxidation". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 144 (13): 5745–5749. Bibcode:2022JAChS.144.5745O. doi:10.1021/jacs.2c01411. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 35319868. S2CID 247629479.
Nelligan, R.J. (2006). Guidelines for the use of expanded foam polystyrene panel systems in industrial buildings to minimize the risk of fire (PDF) (MS Thesis). OCLC 166313665.

zenodo.org

Karbalaei, Samaneh; Hanachi, Parichehr; Rafiee, Gholamreza; Seifori, Parvaneh; Walker, Tony R. (September 2020). "Toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) after individual and combined exposure with chlorpyrifos". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 403: 123980. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123980. PMID 33265019. S2CID 224995527.

Polystyrene (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu

acs.org

pubs.acs.org

aei.org

americanchemistry.com

plastics.americanchemistry.com

americanchemistry.com

anl.gov

newton.dep.anl.gov

archive.org

archive.today

azocleantech.com

baltimoresun.com

barrule.com

bloombergenvironment.com

news.bloombergenvironment.com

books.google.com

bpf.co.uk

canada.ca

nrc-publications.canada.ca

canterbury.ac.nz

ir.canterbury.ac.nz

ceresana.com

chemgapedia.de

chemicalsafetyfacts.org

dartcontainer.com

depron.co.uk

dinegreen.com

doi.org

dow.com

building.dow.com

earthresource.org

ecclestons.com

ejnet.org

emagazine.com

environmentamerica.org

epa.gov

epsindustry.org

epspackaging.org

europa.eu

eur-lex.europa.eu

expandedpoly.co.uk

fbcnews.com.fj

fda.gov

accessdata.fda.gov

foamular.com

freeportmaine.com

hal.science

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

health.harvard.edu

hathitrust.org

babel.hathitrust.org

herald.co.zw

idemitsu.com

iisrp.com

invent.org

irishtimes.com

latimes.com

libretexts.org

chem.libretexts.org

livescience.com

livingearthsystems.com

mclaughlincentre.ca

mdlcv.org

msnbc.com

nathanibiz.com

nbcbayarea.com

neotherm.ie

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ntp.niehs.nih.gov

nist.gov

tsapps.nist.gov

nytimes.com

oaklandnet.com

clerkwebsvr1.oaklandnet.com

pagev.org