Portuguese man o' war (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Portuguese man o' war" in English language version.

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29doi.org

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animaldiversity.org

"Physalia physalis, Portuguese man-of-war". Animal Diversity Web. Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
"Physalia physalis (Portuguese man-of-war)". Animal Diversity Web. Archived from the original on 2021-02-13. Retrieved 2021-02-10.

archive.org

James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; Elston, Dirk M.; Odom, Richard B. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 429. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.

archive.today

Purcell, Jennifer E.; Arai, Mary N. (2001). "Interactions of pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores with fish: A review". Hydrobiologia. 451 (1/3): 27–44. doi:10.1023/A:1011883905394. S2CID 31059411. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022. PDF

australian.museum

"Bluebottle". The Australian Museum. Retrieved 2024-01-23.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Dangerous jellyfish wash up". BBC News. 2008-08-18. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2011-09-07./

bbc.com

"Man-of-war spotted along coast in Cornwall and Wales". BBC. 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Système des animaux sans vertèbres. Paris, France: by the author and Deterville. pp. 355–356. Archived from the original on 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2023-06-07 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Brandt, Johann Friedrich (1834–1835). "Prodromus descriptionis animalium ab H. Mertensio in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione observatorum. Fascic. I., Polypos, Acalephas Discophoras et Siphonophoras, nec non Echinodermata continens". Recueil Actes des séances publiques de l'Acadadémie impériale des Science de St. Pétersbourg 1834: 201–275. Archived from the original on 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2023-06-07 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Copeland, D. Eugene (1968). "Fine Structures of the Carbon Monoxide Secreting Tissue in the Float of Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia physalis L.)". Biological Bulletin. 135 (3): 486–500. doi:10.2307/1539711. JSTOR 1539711. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2021-12-15.

biologists.org

jeb.biologists.org

Wittenberg, Jonathan B. (1960). "The Source of Carbon Monoxide in the Float of the Portuguese Man-of-War, Physalia physalis L" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 37 (4): 698–705. doi:10.1242/jeb.37.4.698.

books.google.com

Richard A. Clinchy (1996). Dive First Responder. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8016-7525-6. Archived from the original on 2017-02-17. Retrieved 2016-11-03.

creativecommons.org

Munro, Catriona; Vue, Zer; Behringer, Richard R.; Dunn, Casey W. (October 2019). "Morphology and development of the Portuguese man of war, Physalia physalis". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 15522. Bibcode:2019NatSR...915522M. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51842-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6820529. PMID 31664071. Material and modified material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Lee, Daniel; Schaeffer, Amandine; Groeskamp, Sjoerd (October 2021). "Drifting dynamics of the bluebottle (Physalia physalis)". Ocean Science. 17 (5). Copernicus GmbH: 1341–1351. Bibcode:2021OcSci..17.1341L. doi:10.5194/os-17-1341-2021. ISSN 1812-0792. S2CID 244189437. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.

doi.org

Munro, Catriona; Vue, Zer; Behringer, Richard R.; Dunn, Casey W. (October 2019). "Morphology and development of the Portuguese man of war, Physalia physalis". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 15522. Bibcode:2019NatSR...915522M. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51842-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6820529. PMID 31664071. Material and modified material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Bardi, Juliana; Marques, Antonio C. (2007). "Taxonomic redescription of the Portuguese man-of-war, Physalia physalis (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophorae, Cystonectae) from Brazil". Iheringia. Série Zoologia. 97 (4): 425–433. doi:10.1590/S0073-47212007000400011.
Dunn, Casey W.; Pugh, Philip R.; Haddock, Steven H. D. (2005). "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Siphonophora (Cnidaria), with Implications for the Evolution of Functional Specialization". Systematic Biology. 54 (6): 916–935. doi:10.1080/10635150500354837. PMID 16338764.
MacKie, G.O.; Pugh, P.R.; Purcell, J.E. (1988). Siphonophore Biology. Advances in Marine Biology. Vol. 24. pp. 97–262. doi:10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60074-7. ISBN 9780120261246.
Wittenberg, Jonathan B. (1960). "The Source of Carbon Monoxide in the Float of the Portuguese Man-of-War, Physalia physalis L" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 37 (4): 698–705. doi:10.1242/jeb.37.4.698.
Araya, Juan Francisco; Aliaga, Juan Antonio; Araya, Marta Esther (2016). "On the distribution of Physalia physalis (Hydrozoa: Physaliidae) in Chile". Marine Biodiversity. 46 (3): 731–735. Bibcode:2016MarBd..46..731A. doi:10.1007/s12526-015-0417-6. S2CID 2646975.
Copeland, D. Eugene (1968). "Fine Structures of the Carbon Monoxide Secreting Tissue in the Float of Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia physalis L.)". Biological Bulletin. 135 (3): 486–500. doi:10.2307/1539711. JSTOR 1539711. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
Herring, Peter J. (1971). "Biliprotein coloration of Physalia physalis". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry. 39 (4): 739–746. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(71)90099-X.
Lane, Charles E. (2006). "The Toxin of Physalia Nematocysts". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 90 (3): 742–750. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb26418.x. PMID 13758711. S2CID 44654850.
Larimer, James L.; Ashby, Ebert A. (1962). "Float gases, gas secretion and tissue respiration in the Portuguese man-of-war,Physalia". Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology. 60: 41–47. doi:10.1002/jcp.1030600106.
Totton, A. K.; MacKie, G. O. (1956). "Dimorphism in the Portuguese Man-of-War". Nature. 177 (4502): 290. Bibcode:1956Natur.177..290T. doi:10.1038/177290b0. S2CID 4296257.
Wilson, Douglas P. (1947). "The Portuguese Man-of-War, Physalia Physalis L., in British and Adjacent Seas" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 27 (1): 139–172. Bibcode:1947JMBUK..27..139W. doi:10.1017/s0025315400014156. PMID 18919646. S2CID 28767812. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
Wittenberg, JB; Noronha, JM; Silverman, M. (1962). "Folic acid derivatives in the gas gland of Physalia physalis L". Biochemical Journal. 85 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1042/bj0850009. PMC 1243904. PMID 14001411.
Yanagihara, Angel A.; Kuroiwa, Janelle M.Y.; Oliver, Louise M.; Kunkel, Dennis D. (2002). "The ultrastructure of nematocysts from the fishing tentacle of the Hawaiian bluebottle, Physalia utriculus (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophora)" (PDF). Hydrobiologia. 489 (1–3): 139–150. doi:10.1023/A:1023272519668. S2CID 603421.
Clark, F.E.; Lane, C.E. (1961). "Composition of float gases of Physalia physalis". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 107 (3): 673–674. doi:10.3181/00379727-107-26724. PMID 13693830. S2CID 2687386.
Lee, Daniel; Schaeffer, Amandine; Groeskamp, Sjoerd (October 2021). "Drifting dynamics of the bluebottle (Physalia physalis)". Ocean Science. 17 (5). Copernicus GmbH: 1341–1351. Bibcode:2021OcSci..17.1341L. doi:10.5194/os-17-1341-2021. ISSN 1812-0792. S2CID 244189437. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Sousa, Lara L.; Xavier, Raquel; Costa, Vânia; Humphries, Nicolas E.; Trueman, Clive; Rosa, Rui; Sims, David W.; Queiroz, Nuno (2016). "DNA barcoding identifies a cosmopolitan diet in the ocean sunfish". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 28762. Bibcode:2016NatSR...628762S. doi:10.1038/srep28762. PMC 4931451. PMID 27373803.
Jenkins, Robert L. (1983). "Observations on the Commensal Relationship of Nomeus gronovii with Physalia physalis". Copeia. 1983 (1): 250–252. doi:10.2307/1444723. JSTOR 1444723.
Purcell, Jennifer E.; Arai, Mary N. (2001). "Interactions of pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores with fish: A review". Hydrobiologia. 451 (1/3): 27–44. doi:10.1023/A:1011883905394. S2CID 31059411. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022. PDF
Jones, E.C. (1963). "Tremoctopus violaceus uses Physalia tentacles as weapons". Science. 139 (3556): 764–766. Bibcode:1963Sci...139..764J. doi:10.1126/science.139.3556.764. PMID 17829125. S2CID 40186769.
Auerbach, Paul S. (1997). "Envenomations from jellyfish and related species". Journal of Emergency Nursing. 23 (6): 555–565. doi:10.1016/S0099-1767(97)90269-5. PMID 9460392.
Stein, Mark R.; Marraccini, John V.; Rothschild, Neal E.; Burnett, Joseph W. (1989). "Fatal Portuguese man-o'-war (Physalia physalis) envenomation". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 18 (3): 312–315. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(89)80421-4. PMID 2564268.
Fenner, Peter J.; Williamson, John A. (December 1996). "Worldwide deaths and severe envenomation from jellyfish stings". Medical Journal of Australia. 165 (11–12): 658–661. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138679.x. ISSN 0025-729X. PMID 8985452. S2CID 45032896. In Australia, particularly on the east coast, up to 10 000 stings occur each summer from the bluebottle (Physalia spp.) alone, with others also from the "hair jellyfish" (Cyanea) and "blubber" (Catostylus). Common stingers in South Australia and Western Australia, include bluebottle, as well the four-tentacled cubozoa or box jellyfish, the "jimble" (Carybdea rastoni)
Loten, Conrad; Stokes, Barrie; Worsley, David; Seymour, Jamie E.; Jiang, Simon; Isbister, Geoffrey K. (2006). "A randomised controlled trial of hot water (45 °C) immersion versus ice packs for pain relief in bluebottle stings" (PDF). Medical Journal of Australia. 184 (7): 329–333. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00265.x. PMID 16584366. S2CID 14684627.
Iosilevskii, G.; Weihs, D. (2009). "Hydrodynamics of sailing of the Portuguese man-of-war Physalia physalis". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 6 (36): 613–626. doi:10.1098/rsif.2008.0457. PMC 2696138. PMID 19091687.
Woodcock, A.H. (1956). "Dimorphism in the Portuguese man-of-war". Nature. 178 (4527): 253–255. Bibcode:1956Natur.178..253W. doi:10.1038/178253a0. S2CID 4297968.
Ferrer, Luis; Pastor, Ane (2017). "The Portuguese man-of-war: gone with the wind". Regional Studies in Marine Science. 14: 53–62. Bibcode:2017RSMS...14...53F. doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2017.05.004.
Prieto, L.; MacÍas, D.; Peliz, A.; Ruiz, J. (2015). "Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia physalis) in the Mediterranean: A permanent invasion or a casual appearance?". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 11545. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511545P. doi:10.1038/srep11545. PMC 4480229. PMID 26108978. S2CID 8456129.
Headlam, Jasmine L.; Lyons, Kieran; Kenny, Jon; Lenihan, Eamonn S.; Quigley, Declan T.G.; Helps, William; Dugon, Michel M.; Doyle, Thomas K. (2020). "Insights on the origin and drift trajectories of Portuguese man of war (Physalia physalis) over the Celtic Sea shelf area". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 246: 107033. Bibcode:2020ECSS..24607033H. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2020.107033. S2CID 224908448.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Munro, Catriona; Vue, Zer; Behringer, Richard R.; Dunn, Casey W. (October 2019). "Morphology and development of the Portuguese man of war, Physalia physalis". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 15522. Bibcode:2019NatSR...915522M. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51842-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6820529. PMID 31664071. Material and modified material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Araya, Juan Francisco; Aliaga, Juan Antonio; Araya, Marta Esther (2016). "On the distribution of Physalia physalis (Hydrozoa: Physaliidae) in Chile". Marine Biodiversity. 46 (3): 731–735. Bibcode:2016MarBd..46..731A. doi:10.1007/s12526-015-0417-6. S2CID 2646975.
Totton, A. K.; MacKie, G. O. (1956). "Dimorphism in the Portuguese Man-of-War". Nature. 177 (4502): 290. Bibcode:1956Natur.177..290T. doi:10.1038/177290b0. S2CID 4296257.
Wilson, Douglas P. (1947). "The Portuguese Man-of-War, Physalia Physalis L., in British and Adjacent Seas" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 27 (1): 139–172. Bibcode:1947JMBUK..27..139W. doi:10.1017/s0025315400014156. PMID 18919646. S2CID 28767812. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
Lee, Daniel; Schaeffer, Amandine; Groeskamp, Sjoerd (October 2021). "Drifting dynamics of the bluebottle (Physalia physalis)". Ocean Science. 17 (5). Copernicus GmbH: 1341–1351. Bibcode:2021OcSci..17.1341L. doi:10.5194/os-17-1341-2021. ISSN 1812-0792. S2CID 244189437. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Sousa, Lara L.; Xavier, Raquel; Costa, Vânia; Humphries, Nicolas E.; Trueman, Clive; Rosa, Rui; Sims, David W.; Queiroz, Nuno (2016). "DNA barcoding identifies a cosmopolitan diet in the ocean sunfish". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 28762. Bibcode:2016NatSR...628762S. doi:10.1038/srep28762. PMC 4931451. PMID 27373803.
Jones, E.C. (1963). "Tremoctopus violaceus uses Physalia tentacles as weapons". Science. 139 (3556): 764–766. Bibcode:1963Sci...139..764J. doi:10.1126/science.139.3556.764. PMID 17829125. S2CID 40186769.
Woodcock, A.H. (1956). "Dimorphism in the Portuguese man-of-war". Nature. 178 (4527): 253–255. Bibcode:1956Natur.178..253W. doi:10.1038/178253a0. S2CID 4297968.
Ferrer, Luis; Pastor, Ane (2017). "The Portuguese man-of-war: gone with the wind". Regional Studies in Marine Science. 14: 53–62. Bibcode:2017RSMS...14...53F. doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2017.05.004.
Prieto, L.; MacÍas, D.; Peliz, A.; Ruiz, J. (2015). "Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia physalis) in the Mediterranean: A permanent invasion or a casual appearance?". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 11545. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511545P. doi:10.1038/srep11545. PMC 4480229. PMID 26108978. S2CID 8456129.
Headlam, Jasmine L.; Lyons, Kieran; Kenny, Jon; Lenihan, Eamonn S.; Quigley, Declan T.G.; Helps, William; Dugon, Michel M.; Doyle, Thomas K. (2020). "Insights on the origin and drift trajectories of Portuguese man of war (Physalia physalis) over the Celtic Sea shelf area". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 246: 107033. Bibcode:2020ECSS..24607033H. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2020.107033. S2CID 224908448.

hawaii.edu

www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu

Yanagihara, Angel A.; Kuroiwa, Janelle M.Y.; Oliver, Louise M.; Kunkel, Dennis D. (2002). "The ultrastructure of nematocysts from the fishing tentacle of the Hawaiian bluebottle, Physalia utriculus (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Siphonophora)" (PDF). Hydrobiologia. 489 (1–3): 139–150. doi:10.1023/A:1023272519668. S2CID 603421.

jstor.org

Copeland, D. Eugene (1968). "Fine Structures of the Carbon Monoxide Secreting Tissue in the Float of Portuguese Man-of-War (Physalia physalis L.)". Biological Bulletin. 135 (3): 486–500. doi:10.2307/1539711. JSTOR 1539711. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
Jenkins, Robert L. (1983). "Observations on the Commensal Relationship of Nomeus gronovii with Physalia physalis". Copeia. 1983 (1): 250–252. doi:10.2307/1444723. JSTOR 1444723.

marinespecies.org

Schuchert, P. (2019). "Physaliidae Brandt, 1835". World Register of Marine Species. Flanders Marine Institute. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Schuchert, P. (2019). "Physalia Lamarck, 1801". World Register of Marine Species. Flanders Marine Institute. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Schuchert, P. (2019). "Physalia physalis (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Register of Marine Species. Flanders Marine Institute. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Physalia Lamarck, 1801". www.marinespecies.org. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
Schuchert, P. (2022). "World Hydrozoa Database. Physalia utriculus (Gmelin, 1788)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 1 March 2022.

medicinenet.com

"Image Collection: Bites and Infestations: 26. Picture of Portuguese Man of War Sting". www.medicinenet.com. MedicineNet Inc. Archived from the original on 2018-06-03. Retrieved 2014-06-13. The sting of the Portuguese man-of-war. One of the most painful effects on skin is the consequence of attack by oceanic hydrozoans known as Portuguese men-of-war, which are amazing for their size, brilliant color, and power to induce whealing. They have a small float that buoys them up and from which hang long tentacles. The wrap of these tentacles results in linear stripes, which look like whiplashes, caused not by the force of their sting but from deposition of proteolytic venom toxins, urticariogenic and irritant substances.

mja.com.au

Loten, Conrad; Stokes, Barrie; Worsley, David; Seymour, Jamie E.; Jiang, Simon; Isbister, Geoffrey K. (2006). "A randomised controlled trial of hot water (45 °C) immersion versus ice packs for pain relief in bluebottle stings" (PDF). Medical Journal of Australia. 184 (7): 329–333. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00265.x. PMID 16584366. S2CID 14684627.

museum.wa.gov.au

"Bluebottle factsheet". Western Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.

nationalgeographic.com

"Portuguese Man-of-War". National Geographic Animals. National Geographic. 11 November 2010. Archived from the original on 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2021-03-08.

animals.nationalgeographic.com

"Portuguese Man-of-War". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2008-06-13.

nature.com

Woodcock, A.H. (1956). "Dimorphism in the Portuguese man-of-war". Nature. 178 (4527): 253–255. Bibcode:1956Natur.178..253W. doi:10.1038/178253a0. S2CID 4297968.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Munro, Catriona; Vue, Zer; Behringer, Richard R.; Dunn, Casey W. (October 2019). "Morphology and development of the Portuguese man of war, Physalia physalis". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 15522. Bibcode:2019NatSR...915522M. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51842-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6820529. PMID 31664071. Material and modified material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
Dunn, Casey W.; Pugh, Philip R.; Haddock, Steven H. D. (2005). "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Siphonophora (Cnidaria), with Implications for the Evolution of Functional Specialization". Systematic Biology. 54 (6): 916–935. doi:10.1080/10635150500354837. PMID 16338764.
Lane, Charles E. (2006). "The Toxin of Physalia Nematocysts". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 90 (3): 742–750. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb26418.x. PMID 13758711. S2CID 44654850.
Wilson, Douglas P. (1947). "The Portuguese Man-of-War, Physalia Physalis L., in British and Adjacent Seas" (PDF). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 27 (1): 139–172. Bibcode:1947JMBUK..27..139W. doi:10.1017/s0025315400014156. PMID 18919646. S2CID 28767812. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
Wittenberg, JB; Noronha, JM; Silverman, M. (1962). "Folic acid derivatives in the gas gland of Physalia physalis L". Biochemical Journal. 85 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1042/bj0850009. PMC 1243904. PMID 14001411.
Clark, F.E.; Lane, C.E. (1961). "Composition of float gases of Physalia physalis". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 107 (3): 673–674. doi:10.3181/00379727-107-26724. PMID 13693830. S2CID 2687386.
Sousa, Lara L.; Xavier, Raquel; Costa, Vânia; Humphries, Nicolas E.; Trueman, Clive; Rosa, Rui; Sims, David W.; Queiroz, Nuno (2016). "DNA barcoding identifies a cosmopolitan diet in the ocean sunfish". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 28762. Bibcode:2016NatSR...628762S. doi:10.1038/srep28762. PMC 4931451. PMID 27373803.
Jones, E.C. (1963). "Tremoctopus violaceus uses Physalia tentacles as weapons". Science. 139 (3556): 764–766. Bibcode:1963Sci...139..764J. doi:10.1126/science.139.3556.764. PMID 17829125. S2CID 40186769.
Auerbach, Paul S. (1997). "Envenomations from jellyfish and related species". Journal of Emergency Nursing. 23 (6): 555–565. doi:10.1016/S0099-1767(97)90269-5. PMID 9460392.
Stein, Mark R.; Marraccini, John V.; Rothschild, Neal E.; Burnett, Joseph W. (1989). "Fatal Portuguese man-o'-war (Physalia physalis) envenomation". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 18 (3): 312–315. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(89)80421-4. PMID 2564268.
Fenner, Peter J.; Williamson, John A. (December 1996). "Worldwide deaths and severe envenomation from jellyfish stings". Medical Journal of Australia. 165 (11–12): 658–661. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138679.x. ISSN 0025-729X. PMID 8985452. S2CID 45032896. In Australia, particularly on the east coast, up to 10 000 stings occur each summer from the bluebottle (Physalia spp.) alone, with others also from the "hair jellyfish" (Cyanea) and "blubber" (Catostylus). Common stingers in South Australia and Western Australia, include bluebottle, as well the four-tentacled cubozoa or box jellyfish, the "jimble" (Carybdea rastoni)
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Munro, Catriona; Vue, Zer; Behringer, Richard R.; Dunn, Casey W. (October 2019). "Morphology and development of the Portuguese man of war, Physalia physalis". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 15522. Bibcode:2019NatSR...915522M. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51842-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6820529. PMID 31664071. Material and modified material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2017-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.
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