Powers of the president of Singapore (English Wikipedia)

Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) 1991 (No. 5 of 1991), in force on 30 November 1991 except for ss. 7 and 16 which came into force on 1 February 1991 and s. 3 which was not brought into force and was subsequently repealed by the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) 1996 (No. 41 of 1996).
Constitution, Arts. 22B and 22D, as amended by the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment No. 2) 1994 (No. 17 of 1994).
Constitution, Art. 22B(9), as amended by the Constitution of Republic of Singapore (Amendment) 2002 (No. 24 of 2002).
Constitution, Arts. 22B(8) and (9), as amended by the Constitution of Republic of Singapore (Amendment) 2004 (No. 12 of 2004).
Constitution, 5th Sch., as amended by the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment No. 2) Act 1994 (No. 17 of 1994) and Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment No. 2) 1998 (No. 36 of 1998).
Monetary Authority of Singapore Act (Cap. 186, 1999 Rev. Ed.), s. 23(1)(m), as amended by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (Amendment) 2007 (No. 13 of 2007).
Constitution, Art. 142(2), as amended by the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) 2001 (No. 2 of 2001).

sso.agc.gov.sg

Now the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1985 Rev. Ed., 1999 Reprint).
Internal Security Act (Cap. 143, 1985 Rev. Ed.) ("ISA").
Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act (Cap. 167A, 2001 Rev. Ed.) ("MRHA").
Monetary Authority of Singapore Act (Cap. 186, 1999 Rev. Ed.), s. 23(1)(m), as amended by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (Amendment) 2007 (No. 13 of 2007).
Constitution, Art. 22G. The Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau's powers of investigation derive from the Prevention of Corruption Act (Cap. 241, 1993 Rev. Ed.).

archive.org

Bogdanor, p. 411. See also Walter Bagehot (1882), "The Cabinet [ch. 2]; The Monarchy [ch. 3]" (PDF), The English Constitution (3rd ed.), London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., pp. 1–88, OCLC 60724447.

archive.today

Constitution, Art. 37B. See also Derrick A. Paulo (18 February 2009), "All the President's men", Today, archived from the original on 19 February 2009.

asia1.com.sg

stqarender.asia1.com.sg

Elgin Toh; Zuraidah Ibrahim (7 August 2011), "Son of Singapore", The Sunday Times^{[permanent dead link‍]}.

asiaone.com

Amy Yeong (6 August 2011), President can only speak and act as advised by the Cabinet, AsiaOne, archived from the original on 28 May 2012, retrieved 10 January 2013.
Lediati Tan (2 August 2011), "Hard facts about 'soft power': Government 'not obliged' to listen to President who challenges its policies", The New Paper (reproduced on the AsiaOne website), pp. 6–7.

asiaweek.com

Roger Mitton (10 March 2000), "'I had a job to do' whether the Government liked it or not, says ex-President Ong – extended interview with Roger Mitton", Asiaweek, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 28–29, archived from the original on 10 February 2001, excerpted in Tan & Thio, Constitutional Law in Malaysia and Singapore (3rd ed.), pp. 426–428.

commonlii.org

Constitution, Art. 21(1): see Yong Vui Kong v. Attorney-General [2011] SGCA 9, [2011] 2 S.L.R. 1189 at 1272, para. 180, Court of Appeal (Singapore).

doi.org

Joseph S[amuel] Nye Jr. (Fall 1990), "Soft Power", Foreign Policy, 80 (80): 153–171 at 168, doi:10.2307/1148580, JSTOR 1148580.
Compare Vernon Bogdanor (July 1996), "The Monarchy and the Constitution", Parliamentary Affairs, 49 (3): 407–422 at 414, doi:10.1093/pa/49.3.407.

informit.com.au

search.informit.com.au

Yvonne C[hing] L[ing] Lee (December 2007), "Under Lock and Key: The Evolving Role of the Elected President as a Fiscal Guardian", Singapore Journal of Legal Studies: 290–322 at 291, SSRN 1139305.

jstor.org

Joseph S[amuel] Nye Jr. (Fall 1990), "Soft Power", Foreign Policy, 80 (80): 153–171 at 168, doi:10.2307/1148580, JSTOR 1148580.

mlaw.gov.sg

app2.mlaw.gov.sg

Stanley Baldwin (4 December 1936), Letter and Note by UK Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin to King Edward VIII, 4 December 1936 [UK National Archives reference no. PREM 1/451, declassified 1 January 2003; Annex A to the speech by Minister for Foreign Affairs and Law, Mr K. Shanmugam, at the Institute of Policy Studies Forum on the Elected Presidency on 5 August 2011], Ministry of Law, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2012.
K. Shanmugam (5 August 2011), Speech by Minister for Foreign Affairs and Law, Mr K Shanmugam, at the Institute of Policy Studies Forum on the Elected Presidency, Ministry of Law, archived from the original on 24 August 2012; see also Teh Shi Ning (6 August 2011), "The President's role and powers: Shanmugam: He represents the whole country, is above the fray on political issues, acts on Cabinet's advice, exercises 'soft power'" (PDF), Business Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2013. For the candidates' responses, see Tessa Wong (20 August 2011), "Participants grill candidates on role of president" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the SMU website), p. A6, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2013.

nus.edu.sg

spp.nus.edu.sg

K. Shanmugam (5 August 2011), Speech by Minister for Foreign Affairs and Law, Mr K Shanmugam, at the Institute of Policy Studies Forum on the Elected Presidency, Ministry of Law, archived from the original on 24 August 2012; see also Teh Shi Ning (6 August 2011), "The President's role and powers: Shanmugam: He represents the whole country, is above the fray on political issues, acts on Cabinet's advice, exercises 'soft power'" (PDF), Business Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2013. For the candidates' responses, see Tessa Wong (20 August 2011), "Participants grill candidates on role of president" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the SMU website), p. A6, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2013.
Tessa Wong (8 August 2011), "Shanmugam: Quality is what counts: He clarifies remarks on president's influence made at Friday forum" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014.
Tommy Koh (15 June 2011), "Demystifying the presidential office" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), p. A21, archived from the original (PDF) on 8 June 2012.
Tommy Koh (5 August 2011), IPS Forum on Elected Presidency: Friday, 5 August 2011, 4.00pm–6.00pm, Orchard Hotel: Tommy Koh's Prepared Remarks (PDF), Institute of Policy Studies, para. 9, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2012.
Thio Li-ann (11 August 2011), "The parameters of presidential powers" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), p. A31, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2013.

parl.gov.sg

sprs.parl.gov.sg

Lim Hng Kiang (Minister for Trade and Industry), speech during the Second Reading of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (Amendment) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (12 February 2007), vol. 82, col. 1248.
Richard Hu Tsu Tau (Minister for Finance), "Issues Raised by President Ong Teng Cheong at his Press Conference on 16th July 1999 (Statements by the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance)", Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (17 August 1999), vol. 70, col. 2018 ("Ministerial Statement").
Goh Chok Tong (Prime Minister and Minister for Defence), speech during the Third Reading of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment No. 3) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (3 January 1991), vol. 56, cols. 722–723.
Thio Li-ann (NMP), speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (20 October 2008), vol. 85, col. 369ff.
Lee Hsien Loong (Prime Minister), speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (21 October 2008), vol. 85, col. 532ff.
Richard Hu Tsu Tau (Minister for Finance), speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (12 January 2001), vol. 72, cols. 1300–1302.

parliament.gov.sg

Lim Hng Kiang (Minister for Trade and Industry), speech during the Second Reading of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (Amendment) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (12 February 2007), vol. 82, col. 1248.
Thio Li-ann (NMP), speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (20 October 2008), vol. 85, col. 369ff.

pmo.gov.sg

Lee Hsien Loong (19 August 2011), Transcript of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's Press Conference on the Presidential Election, Prime Minister's Office, archived from the original on 25 April 2012.

smu.edu.sg

www2.smu.edu.sg

K. Shanmugam (5 August 2011), Speech by Minister for Foreign Affairs and Law, Mr K Shanmugam, at the Institute of Policy Studies Forum on the Elected Presidency, Ministry of Law, archived from the original on 24 August 2012; see also Teh Shi Ning (6 August 2011), "The President's role and powers: Shanmugam: He represents the whole country, is above the fray on political issues, acts on Cabinet's advice, exercises 'soft power'" (PDF), Business Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2013. For the candidates' responses, see Tessa Wong (20 August 2011), "Participants grill candidates on role of president" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the SMU website), p. A6, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2013.
Ho Kwon Ping (7 July 2011), "Soft powers of a president" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the SMU website), p. A27, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014.
Wan Wai Yee (21 July 2011), "Don't politicise role of President" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the SMU website), p. A25, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2014.

smu.edu.sg

Tessa Wong (28 July 2011), "Tan Kin Lian: President should speak up publicly: Tan Cheng Bock also reiterates president is not a figurehead" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the Singapore Management University (SMU) website), p. A6, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014.

ssrn.com

papers.ssrn.com

Yvonne C[hing] L[ing] Lee (December 2007), "Under Lock and Key: The Evolving Role of the Elected President as a Fiscal Guardian", Singapore Journal of Legal Studies: 290–322 at 291, SSRN 1139305.

straitstimes.com

"FROM THE ARCHIVES: There was a time when Singapore had to dip into its reserves | The Straits Times". The Straits Times. 16 February 2015. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
Ho, Grace (9 April 2020). "President Halimah assents to draw on $21 billion from past reserves for historic Resilience and Solidarity Budgets | The Straits Times". The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
Tham, Yuen-C (26 May 2020). "Second withdrawal of $31 billion from Singapore's reserves to cushion coronavirus impact | The Straits Times". The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
Tham, Yuen-C (16 March 2021). "President Halimah Yacob approves Budget, including $11b draw on reserves | The Straits Times". The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
Khalik, Salma (16 February 2021). "Budget 2021: $11b to support three-pronged approach to help Singapore bounce back from Covid-19 | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
Ong, Justin (23 March 2022). "President Halimah Yacob approves Budget, including $6b draw on reserves to battle Covid-19 | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
Ho, Grace (3 June 2020). "Appointments to Council of Presidential Advisers made". The Straits Times. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
Baharudin, Hariz (8 January 2021). "New member of Council of Presidential Advisers sworn in". The Straits Times. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
Lim, Min Zhang (3 June 2021). "Ex-NMP Mildred Tan, veteran social worker Sudha Nair sworn in to Council of Presidential Advisers". The Straits Times. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
Ho, Grace (9 April 2020). "President Halimah assents to draw on $21 billion from past reserves for historic Resilience and Solidarity Budgets | The Straits Times". The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
Tham, Yuen-C (26 May 2020). "Second withdrawal of $31 billion from Singapore's reserves to cushion coronavirus impact | The Straits Times". The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
Tham, Yuen-C (16 March 2021). "President Halimah Yacob approves Budget, including $11b draw on reserves | The Straits Times". The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
Khalik, Salma (16 February 2021). "Budget 2021: $11b to support three-pronged approach to help Singapore bounce back from Covid-19 | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

todayonline.com

Constitution, Art. 37B. See also Derrick A. Paulo (18 February 2009), "All the President's men", Today, archived from the original on 19 February 2009.

web.archive.org

Roger Mitton (10 March 2000), "'I had a job to do' whether the Government liked it or not, says ex-President Ong – extended interview with Roger Mitton", Asiaweek, vol. 26, no. 9, pp. 28–29, archived from the original on 10 February 2001, excerpted in Tan & Thio, Constitutional Law in Malaysia and Singapore (3rd ed.), pp. 426–428.
Tessa Wong (28 July 2011), "Tan Kin Lian: President should speak up publicly: Tan Cheng Bock also reiterates president is not a figurehead" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the Singapore Management University (SMU) website), p. A6, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014.
Leong Wee Keat (24 August 2011), "Candidates cross swords", Today (reproduced on AsiaViews), archived from the original on 6 January 2014.
Stanley Baldwin (4 December 1936), Letter and Note by UK Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin to King Edward VIII, 4 December 1936 [UK National Archives reference no. PREM 1/451, declassified 1 January 2003; Annex A to the speech by Minister for Foreign Affairs and Law, Mr K. Shanmugam, at the Institute of Policy Studies Forum on the Elected Presidency on 5 August 2011], Ministry of Law, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 May 2012.
Amy Yeong (6 August 2011), President can only speak and act as advised by the Cabinet, AsiaOne, archived from the original on 28 May 2012, retrieved 10 January 2013.
Ho Kwon Ping (7 July 2011), "Soft powers of a president" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the SMU website), p. A27, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014.
Wan Wai Yee (21 July 2011), "Don't politicise role of President" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the SMU website), p. A25, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2014.
Tessa Wong (8 August 2011), "Shanmugam: Quality is what counts: He clarifies remarks on president's influence made at Friday forum" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014.
Lee Hsien Loong (19 August 2011), Transcript of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's Press Conference on the Presidential Election, Prime Minister's Office, archived from the original on 25 April 2012.
Tommy Koh (15 June 2011), "Demystifying the presidential office" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), p. A21, archived from the original (PDF) on 8 June 2012.
Tommy Koh (5 August 2011), IPS Forum on Elected Presidency: Friday, 5 August 2011, 4.00pm–6.00pm, Orchard Hotel: Tommy Koh's Prepared Remarks (PDF), Institute of Policy Studies, para. 9, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2012.
Thio Li-ann (11 August 2011), "The parameters of presidential powers" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), p. A31, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2013.

webcitation.org

K. Shanmugam (5 August 2011), Speech by Minister for Foreign Affairs and Law, Mr K Shanmugam, at the Institute of Policy Studies Forum on the Elected Presidency, Ministry of Law, archived from the original on 24 August 2012; see also Teh Shi Ning (6 August 2011), "The President's role and powers: Shanmugam: He represents the whole country, is above the fray on political issues, acts on Cabinet's advice, exercises 'soft power'" (PDF), Business Times (reproduced on the Institute of Policy Studies website), archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2013. For the candidates' responses, see Tessa Wong (20 August 2011), "Participants grill candidates on role of president" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the SMU website), p. A6, archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2013.

wiktionary.org

en.wiktionary.org

Thio Li-ann (NMP), speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill, Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report (20 October 2008), vol. 85, col. 369ff.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Constitutional Amendments to Safeguard Financial Assets and the Integrity of the Public Services [Cmd. 10 of 1988], Singapore: Printed for the Government of Singapore by Singapore National Printers, 1988, OCLC 83381201 ("1988 White Paper"); Kevin Y L Tan; Thio Li-ann (2010), Constitutional Law in Malaysia and Singapore (3rd ed.), Singapore: LexisNexis, pp. 420–426, ISBN 978-981-236-795-2.
The Principles for Determining and Safeguarding the Accumulated Reserves of the Government and the Fifth Schedule Statutory Boards and Government Companies [Cmd. 5 of 1999], Singapore: Printed for the Government of Singapore by the Government Printers, 1999, OCLC 226180358.
Bogdanor, p. 411. See also Walter Bagehot (1882), "The Cabinet [ch. 2]; The Monarchy [ch. 3]" (PDF), The English Constitution (3rd ed.), London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., pp. 1–88, OCLC 60724447.