Proxima Centauri (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Proxima Centauri" in English language version.

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García-Sánchez, J.; Weissman, P. R.; Preston, R. A.; Jones, D. L.; Lestrade, J.-F.; Latham, . W.; Stefanik, R. P.; Paredes, J. M. (2001). "Stellar encounters with the solar system" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 379 (2): 634–659. Bibcode:2001A&A...379..634G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011330.

archive.org

The coordinates of the Sun would be diametrically opposite Proxima Centauri, at α=02^h 29^m 42.9487^s, δ=+62° 40′ 46.141″. The absolute magnitude M_v of the Sun is 4.83, so at a parallax π of 0.77199 the apparent magnitude m is given by 4.83 − 5(log₁₀(0.77199) + 1) = 0.40. See: Tayler, Roger John (1994). The Stars: Their Structure and Evolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-521-45885-6.
For a star south of the zenith, the angle to the zenith is equal to the Latitude minus the Declination. The star is hidden from sight when the zenith angle is 90° or more, i.e., below the horizon. Thus, for Proxima Centauri:
Highest latitude = 90° + (−62.68°) = 27.32°.
See: Campbell, William Wallace (1899). The elements of practical astronomy. London: Macmillan. pp. 109–110. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
Zombeck, Martin V. (2007). Handbook of space astronomy and astrophysics (Third ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 109. ISBN 978-0-521-78242-5.
Gilster, Paul (2004). Centauri dreams: imagining and planning. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-00436-5.

arxiv.org

Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
Kervella, P.; Thévenin, F.; Lovis, C. (2017). "Proxima's orbit around α Centauri". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 598: L7. arXiv:1611.03495. Bibcode:2017A&A...598L...7K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629930. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 50867264. Separation: 3.1, left column of page 3; Orbital period and epoch of periastron: Table 3, right column of page 3.
Benedict, G. Fritz; Chappell, D.W.; Nelan, E.; Jefferys, W.H.; van Altena, W.; Lee, J.; et al. (1999). "Interferometric astrometry of Proxima Centauri and Barnard's Star using Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensor. 3: Detection limits for substellar companions". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (2): 1086–1100. arXiv:astro-ph/9905318. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.1086B. doi:10.1086/300975. S2CID 18099356.
Pineda, J. Sebastian; Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin (September 2021). "The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (1): 23. arXiv:2106.07656. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918...40P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea. S2CID 235435757. 40.
Ségransan, Damien; Kervella, Pierre; Forveille, Thierry & Queloz, Didier (2003). "First radius measurements of very low mass stars with the VLTI". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 397 (3): L5 – L8. arXiv:astro-ph/0211647. Bibcode:2003A&A...397L...5S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021714. S2CID 10748478.
Schlaufman, K.C. & Laughlin, G. (September 2010). "A physically-motivated photometric calibration of M dwarf metallicity". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 519: A105. arXiv:1006.2850. Bibcode:2010A&A...519A.105S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015016. S2CID 119260592.
Passegger, Vera Maria; Wende-von Berg, Sebastian & Reiners, Ansgar (March 2016). "Fundamental M-dwarf parameters from high-resolution spectra using PHOENIX ACES models: I. Parameter accuracy and benchmark stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 587: A19. arXiv:1709.03560. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..19P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322261. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 10458151.
Feng, F.; Jones, H. R. A. (January 2018). "Was Proxima captured by Alpha Centauri A and B?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 473 (3): 3185−3189. arXiv:1709.03560. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.473.3185F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2576. S2CID 55711316.
Klein, Baptiste; et al. (January 2021). "The large-scale magnetic field of Proxima Centauri near activity maximum". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 500 (2): 1844–1850. arXiv:2010.14311. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.500.1844K. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3396.
Collins, John M.; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Barnes, John R. (June 2017). "Calculations of periodicity from Hα profiles of Proxima Centauri". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 602. A48. arXiv:1608.07834. Bibcode:2017A&A...602A..48C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628827. S2CID 18949162. See section 4: "the vsini is probably less than 0.1 km/s for Proxima Centauri".
Faria, J.P.; Suárez Mascareño, A.; Figueira, P.; Silva, A.M.; Damasso, M.; Demangeon, O.; et al. (2022). "A candidate short-period sub-Earth orbiting Proxima Centauri" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 658: A115. arXiv:2202.05188. Bibcode:2022A&A...658A.115F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142337 – via eso.org.
Howard, Ward S.; Tilley, Matt A.; Corbett, Hank; Youngblood, Allison; Loyd, R. O. Parke; Ratzloff, Jeffrey K.; Law, Nicholas M.; Fors, Octavi; Del Ser, Daniel; Shkolnik, Evgenya L.; Ziegler, Carl; Goeke, Erin E.; Pietraallo, Aaron D.; Haislip, Joshua (2018). "The First Naked-eye Superflare Detected from Proxima Centauri". The Astrophysical Journal. 860 (2): L30. arXiv:1804.02001. Bibcode:2018ApJ...860L..30H. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aacaf3. S2CID 59127420.
Mascareño, A. Suárez; Rebolo, R. & González Hernández, J.I. (October 2016). "Magnetic cycles and rotation periods of late-type stars from photometric time series". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 595: A12. arXiv:1607.03049. Bibcode:2016A&A...595A..12S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628586. S2CID 118555782. Retrieved 30 November 2021 – via adsabs.harvard.edu.
Zurlo, A.; Gratton, R.; Mesa, D.; Desidera, S.; Enia, A.; Sahu, K.; Almenara, J. -M.; Kervella, P.; Avenhaus, H.; Girard, J.; Janson, M.; Lagadec, E.; Langlois, M.; Milli, J.; Perrot, C.; Schlieder, J. -E.; Thalmann, C.; Vigan, A.; Giro, E.; Gluck, L.; Ramos, J.; Roux, A. (2018). "The gravitational mass of Proxima Centauri measured with SPHERE from a microlensing event". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 480 (1): 236. arXiv:1807.01318. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.480..236Z. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1805. S2CID 118971274.
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Artigau, Étienne; Cadieux, Charles; Cook, Neil J.; Doyon, René; Vandal, Thomas; Donati, Jean-Françcois; et al. (23 June 2022). "Line-by-line velocity measurements, an outlier-resistant method for precision velocimetry". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (3) (published 8 August 2022): 84. arXiv:2207.13524. Bibcode:2022AJ....164...84A. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7ce6.
Yadav, Rakesh K.; Christensen, Ulrich R.; Wolk, Scott J. & Poppenhaeger, Katja (December 2016). "Magnetic cycles in a dynamo simulation of fully convective M-star Proxima Centauri". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 833 (2): 6. arXiv:1610.02721. Bibcode:2016ApJ...833L..28Y. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/833/2/L28. S2CID 54849623. L28.
MacGregor, Meredith A.; Weinberger, Alycia J.; Parke Loyd, R. O.; Shkolnik, Evgenya; Barclay, Thomas; Howard, Ward S.; Zic, Andrew; Osten, Rachel A.; Cranmer, Steven R.; Kowalski, Adam F.; Lenc, Emil; Youngblood, Allison; Estes, Anna; Wilner, David J.; Forbrich, Jan; Hughes, Anna; Law, Nicholas M.; Murphy, Tara; Boley, Aaron; Matthews, Jaymie (2021). "Discovery of an Extremely Short Duration Flare from Proxima Centauri Using Millimeter through Far-ultraviolet Observations". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 911 (2): L25. arXiv:2104.09519. Bibcode:2021ApJ...911L..25M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abf14c. S2CID 233307258.
Howard, Ward S.; MacGregor, Meredith A.; Osten, Rachel; Forbrich, Jan; Cranmer, Steven R.; Tristan, Isaiah; Weinberger, Alycia J.; Youngblood, Allison; Barclay, Thomas; Parke Loyd, R. O.; Shkolnik, Evgenya L.; Zic, Andrew; Wilner, David J. (2022), "The Mouse That Squeaked: A Small Flare from Proxima Cen Observed in the Millimeter, Optical, and Soft X-Ray with Chandra and ALMA", The Astrophysical Journal, 938 (2): 103, arXiv:2209.05490, Bibcode:2022ApJ...938..103H, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac9134, S2CID 252211788
Guedel, M.; Audard, M.; Reale, F.; Skinner, S. L.; Linsky, J. L. (2004). "Flares from small to large: X-ray spectroscopy of Proxima Centauri with XMM-Newton". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 416 (2): 713–732. arXiv:astro-ph/0312297. Bibcode:2004A&A...416..713G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031471. S2CID 7725125.
Wood, B. E.; Linsky, J. L.; Müller, H.-R.; Zank, G. P. (2001). "Observational estimates for the mass-loss rates of α Centauri and Proxima Centauri using Hubble Space Telescope Lyα spectra". The Astrophysical Journal. 547 (1): L49 – L52. arXiv:astro-ph/0011153. Bibcode:2001ApJ...547L..49W. doi:10.1086/318888. S2CID 118537213.
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Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; Berdiñas, Zaira M.; Butler, R. Paul; Coleman, Gavin A.L.; et al. (2016). "A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri". Nature. 536 (7617): 437–440. arXiv:1609.03449. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..437A. doi:10.1038/nature19106. PMID 27558064. S2CID 4451513 – via nature.com.
Li, Yiting; Stefansson, Gudmundur; Robertson, Paul; Monson, Andrew; Cañas, Caleb & Mahadevan, Suvrath (14 December 2017). "A candidate transit event around Proxima Centauri". Research Notes of the AAS. 1 (1): 49. arXiv:1712.04483. Bibcode:2017RNAAS...1...49L. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aaa0d5. S2CID 119034883.
Kervella, Pierre; Arenou, Frédéric; Schneider, Jean (2020). "Orbital inclination and mass of the exoplanet candidate Proxima c". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 635: L14. arXiv:2003.13106. Bibcode:2020A&A...635L..14K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037551. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 214713486.
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Anglada, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Ortiz, Jose L.; Gómez, José F.; Macías, Enrique; Alberdi, Antxon; et al. (2017). "ALMA discovery of dust belts around Proxima Centauri". The Astrophysical Journal. 850 (1): L6. arXiv:1711.00578. Bibcode:2017ApJ...850L...6A. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa978b. S2CID 13431834 – via unizar.es.
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books.google.com

Czysz, Paul A.; Bruno, Claudio (2009). Future Spacecraft Propulsion Systems: Enabling Technologies for Space Exploration. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 36. ISBN 9783540888147.

collinsdictionary.com

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dlr.de

"Parallax measurements for Wolf 359 and Proxima Centauri". German Aerospace Center. Retrieved 19 January 2021.

doi.org

Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
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Kervella, P.; Thévenin, F.; Lovis, C. (2017). "Proxima's orbit around α Centauri". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 598: L7. arXiv:1611.03495. Bibcode:2017A&A...598L...7K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629930. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 50867264. Separation: 3.1, left column of page 3; Orbital period and epoch of periastron: Table 3, right column of page 3.
Benedict, G. Fritz; Chappell, D.W.; Nelan, E.; Jefferys, W.H.; van Altena, W.; Lee, J.; et al. (1999). "Interferometric astrometry of Proxima Centauri and Barnard's Star using Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensor. 3: Detection limits for substellar companions". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (2): 1086–1100. arXiv:astro-ph/9905318. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.1086B. doi:10.1086/300975. S2CID 18099356.
Pineda, J. Sebastian; Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin (September 2021). "The M-dwarf Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (1): 23. arXiv:2106.07656. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918...40P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea. S2CID 235435757. 40.
Ségransan, Damien; Kervella, Pierre; Forveille, Thierry & Queloz, Didier (2003). "First radius measurements of very low mass stars with the VLTI". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 397 (3): L5 – L8. arXiv:astro-ph/0211647. Bibcode:2003A&A...397L...5S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021714. S2CID 10748478.
Schlaufman, K.C. & Laughlin, G. (September 2010). "A physically-motivated photometric calibration of M dwarf metallicity". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 519: A105. arXiv:1006.2850. Bibcode:2010A&A...519A.105S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015016. S2CID 119260592.
Passegger, Vera Maria; Wende-von Berg, Sebastian & Reiners, Ansgar (March 2016). "Fundamental M-dwarf parameters from high-resolution spectra using PHOENIX ACES models: I. Parameter accuracy and benchmark stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 587: A19. arXiv:1709.03560. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..19P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322261. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 10458151.
Feng, F.; Jones, H. R. A. (January 2018). "Was Proxima captured by Alpha Centauri A and B?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 473 (3): 3185−3189. arXiv:1709.03560. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.473.3185F. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2576. S2CID 55711316.
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$\rho$	= ${\begin{smallmatrix}{\frac {M}{M_{\odot }}}\cdot \left({\frac {R}{R_{\odot }}}\right)^{-3}\cdot \rho _{\odot }\end{smallmatrix}}$
	= 0.122 · 0.154⁻³ · (1.41 × 10³ kg/m³)
	= 33.4 · (1.41 × 10³ kg/m³)
	= 4.71 × 10⁴ kg/m³

where ${\begin{smallmatrix}\rho _{\odot }\end{smallmatrix}}$ is the average solar density. See:

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The density (ρ) is given by the mass divided by the volume. Relative to the Sun, therefore, the density is:

$\rho$	= ${\begin{smallmatrix}{\frac {M}{M_{\odot }}}\cdot \left({\frac {R}{R_{\odot }}}\right)^{-3}\cdot \rho _{\odot }\end{smallmatrix}}$
	= 0.122 · 0.154⁻³ · (1.41 × 10³ kg/m³)
	= 33.4 · (1.41 × 10³ kg/m³)
	= 4.71 × 10⁴ kg/m³

where ${\begin{smallmatrix}\rho _{\odot }\end{smallmatrix}}$ is the average solar density. See:

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worldcat.org

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