Puberty (English Wikipedia)

Berger KS (2014). Invitation to the Life Span. New York: Worth Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4292-8352-6.
Styne (2002), p. 598. Styne DM (2002). "Chapter 18: The testes: disorders of sexual differentiation and puberty in the male". In Sperling, MA (ed.). Pediatric Endocrinology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 565–628. ISBN 978-0-7216-9539-6.
Marshall & Tanner (1986), p. 180. Marshall WA, Tanner JM (1986). "Chapter 8: Puberty". In Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds.). Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum Press. pp. 171–209. ISBN 978-0-306-41952-2.
Marshall & Tanner (1986), p. 187. Marshall WA, Tanner JM (1986). "Chapter 8: Puberty". In Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds.). Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum Press. pp. 171–209. ISBN 978-0-306-41952-2.
Marshall & Tanner (1986), p. 188. Marshall WA, Tanner JM (1986). "Chapter 8: Puberty". In Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds.). Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum Press. pp. 171–209. ISBN 978-0-306-41952-2.
Marshall & Tanner (1986), pp. 186–187. Marshall WA, Tanner JM (1986). "Chapter 8: Puberty". In Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds.). Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum Press. pp. 171–209. ISBN 978-0-306-41952-2.
Rosenfield (2002), p. 462. Rosenfield RL (2002). "Chapter 16: Female puberty and its disorders". In Sperling, MA (ed.). Pediatric Endocrinology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 455–518. ISBN 978-0-7216-9539-6.
Marshall & Tanner (1986), pp. 196–197. Marshall WA, Tanner JM (1986). "Chapter 8: Puberty". In Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds.). Human Growth: A Comprehensive Treatise (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum Press. pp. 171–209. ISBN 978-0-306-41952-2.
Gungor & Arslanian (2002), pp. 699–700. Gungor N, Arslanian SA (2002). "Chapter 21: Nutritional disorders: integration of energy metabolism and its disorders in childhood". In Sperling MA (ed.). Pediatric Endocrinology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 689–724. ISBN 978-0-7216-9539-6.
Rosenfield (2002), p. ^{[page needed]}. Rosenfield RL (2002). "Chapter 16: Female puberty and its disorders". In Sperling, MA (ed.). Pediatric Endocrinology (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 455–518. ISBN 978-0-7216-9539-6.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Girls maturing slightly earlier". BBC News. 2001-05-03. Retrieved 2007-08-02.

books.google.com

Kail RV, Cavanaugh JC (2010). Human Development: A Lifespan View (5th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-495-60037-4.
Schuiling (2016). Women's Gynecologic Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-284-12501-6. The changes that occur during puberty usually happen in an ordered sequence, beginning with thelarche (breast development) at around age 10 or 11, followed by adrenarche (growth of pubic hair due to androgen stimulation), peak height velocity, and finally menarche (the onset of menses), which usually occurs around age 12 or 13.
Phillips DC (2014). Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy. SAGE Publications. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-1-4833-6475-9. On average, the onset of puberty is about 18 months earlier for girls (usually starting around the age of 10 or 11 and lasting until they are 15 to 17) than for boys (who usually begin puberty at about the age of 11 to 12 and complete it by the age of 16 to 17, on average).
Scannapieco M, Connell-Carrick K (2005). Understanding Child Maltreatment: An Ecological and Developmental Perspective. Oxford University Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-19-803563-3.
Carroll J (2009-01-29). Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-60274-3 – via Google Books.
Madaras L, Madaras A (2007-06-08). What's Happening to My Body? Book for Boys: Revised Edition. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-1-55704-769-4 – via Google Books.
Attwood S (2008-05-15). Making Sense of Sex: A Forthright Guide to Puberty, Sex and Relationships for People with Asperger's Syndrome. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84642-797-8 – via Google Books.
Madaras L, Madaras A (2007-06-08). What's Happening to My Body? Book for Boys: Revised Edition. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-1-55704-769-4 – via Google Books.
Madaras L, Madaras A (2007-06-06). What's Happening to My Body? Book for Girls: Revised Edition. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-1-55704-764-9 – via Google Books.
Becker KL (2001). Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 889. ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2.

britannica.com

global.britannica.com

"The structure of the larynx". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2009-02-20.

center4research.org

Zuckerman D (May 2009). "Early Puberty in Girls". National Research Center for Women and Families. Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2010-07-13. Based on a publication from The Ribbon, a newsletter of the Cornell University Program on Breast Cancer and Environmental Risk Factors in New York States ((BCERF), Vol 6, No. 1, Winter 2001.)
"Are Bisphenol A (BPA) Plastic Products Safe for Infants and Children?". Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2013-11-09.

clevelandclinic.org

my.clevelandclinic.org

"Male Reproductive System Information". Cleveland Clinic.

columbia.edu

"Hips widen during female puberty". Columbia. Retrieved 2013-11-09.

doi.org

Guillette EA, Conard C, Lares F, Aguilar MG, McLachlan J, Guillette LJ (March 2006). "Altered breast development in young girls from an agricultural environment". Environ. Health Perspect. 114 (3): 471–5. doi:10.1289/ehp.8280. PMC 1392245. PMID 16507474.
Buck Louis GM, Gray LE, Marcus M, Ojeda SR, Pescovitz OH, Witchel SF, et al. (February 2008). "Environmental factors and puberty timing: expert panel research needs". Pediatrics. 121 (Suppl 3): S192–207. doi:10.1542/peds.1813E. PMID 18245512.
Mouritsen A, Aksglaede L, Sørensen K, Mogensen SS, Leffers H, Main KM, et al. (April 2010). "Hypothesis: exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with timing of puberty". Int. J. Androl. 33 (2): 346–59. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01051.x. PMID 20487042.
Lewis M, Shapland F, Watts R (2016). "On the threshold of adulthood: A new approach for the use of maturation indicators to assess puberty in adolescents from medieval England" (PDF). American Journal of Human Biology. 28 (1): 48–56. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22761. PMID 26238500. S2CID 26111310.
Papadimitriou A (2016). "The Evolution of the Age at Menarche from Prehistorical to Modern Times". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 29 (6): 527–530. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2015.12.002. PMID 26703478.
Abbassi V (1998). "Growth and normal puberty". Pediatrics. 102 (2 Pt 3): 507–513. doi:10.1542/peds.102.S3.507. PMID 9685454. S2CID 24733669.
MacGillivray MH, Morishima A, Conte F, Grumbach M, Smith EP (1998). "Pediatric endocrinology update: an overview. The essential roles of estrogens in pubertal growth, epiphyseal fusion and bone turnover: lessons from mutations in the genes for aromatase and the estrogen receptor". Hormone Research. 49 (Suppl 1): 2–8. doi:10.1159/000053061. PMID 9554463. S2CID 72138474.
Plant TM (2001). "Leptin, growth hormone, and the onset of primate puberty". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86 (1): 458–460. doi:10.1210/jc.86.1.459. PMID 11232044.
Meister B, Håkansson ML (2001). "Leptin receptors in hypothalamus and circumventricular organs". Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology. 28 (7): 610–617. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03493.x. PMID 11458889. S2CID 72146698.
Clayton PE, Trueman JA (2000). "Leptin and puberty". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 83 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1136/adc.83.1.1. PMC 1718397. PMID 10868988.
Topaloglu AK, Reimann F, Guclu M, Yalin AS, Kotan LD, Porter KM, et al. (2009). "TAC3 and TACR3 mutations in familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reveal a key role for Neurokinin B in the central control of reproduction". Nature Genetics. 41 (3): 354–358. doi:10.1038/ng.306. PMC 4312696. PMID 19079066.
Taga KA (2006-05-03). "A Longitudinal Investigation of Associations Between Boys' Pubertal Timing and Adult Behavioral Health and Well-Being". Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 35 (3): 380–390. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9039-4. S2CID 143325699.
Jorgensen, Keiding & Skakkebaek 1991. Jorgensen M, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE (1991). "Estimation of Spermarche from Longitudinal Spermaturia Data". Biometrics. 47 (1): 177–193. doi:10.2307/2532505. ISSN 0006-341X. JSTOR 2532505. PMID 2049498. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
Øster J (April 1968). "Further Fate of the Foreskin: Incidence of Preputial Adhesions, Phimosis, and Smegma among Danish Schoolboys". Arch Dis Child. 43 (228): 200–202. doi:10.1136/adc.43.228.200. PMC 2019851. PMID 5689532.
Kayaba H, Tamura H, Kitajima S, Fujiwara Y, Kato T, Kato T (November 1996). "Analysis of Shape and Retractability of the Prepuce in 603 Japanese Boys". J Urol. 156 (5). American Urological Association, Inc.: 1813–1815. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65544-7. PMID 8863623.
"Circumcision Policy Statement". Pediatrics. 103 (3): 686–93. 1999. doi:10.1542/peds.103.3.686. PMID 10049981.
Birley HD, Luzzi GA, Bell R (1993). "Clinical features and management of recurrent balanitis: association with atopy and genital washing". Genitourin Med. 69 (5): 400–403. doi:10.1136/sti.69.5.400. PMC 1195128. PMID 8244363.
Tanner JM, Davies PS (1985). "Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children". The Journal of Pediatrics. 107 (3): 317–329. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80501-1. PMID 3875704.
Siegel MJ, Surratt JT (1992). "Pediatric gynecologic imaging". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 19 (1): 103–127. doi:10.1016/S0889-8545(21)00504-0. PMID 1584537.
Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A (April 2003). "Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart". Pediatrics. 111 (4 Pt 1): 844–850. doi:10.1542/peds.111.4.844. PMID 12671122.
Al-Sahab B, Ardern CI, Hamadeh MJ, Tamim H (2010). "Age at menarche in Canada: results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children & Youth". BMC Public Health. 10 (1): 736. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-736. PMC 3001737. PMID 21110899.
Apter D (1980). "Serum steroids and pituitary hormones in female puberty: a partly longitudinal study". Clinical Endocrinology. 12 (2): 107–120. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1980.tb02125.x. PMID 6249519. S2CID 19913395.
Southam AL, Richart RM (1966). "The prognosis for adolescents with menstrual abnormalities". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 94 (5): 637–645. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(66)90398-X. PMID 5906589.
Kalloo NB, Gearhart JP, Barrack ER (1993). "Sexually dimorphic expression of estrogen receptors, but not of androgen receptors in human fetal external genitalia". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 77 (3): 692–698. doi:10.1210/jcem.77.3.8370691. PMID 8370691.
Andersson KE, Wein AJ (2004). "Pharmacology of the Lower Urinary Tract: Basis for Current and Future Treatments of Urinary Incontinence". Pharmacological Reviews. 56 (4): 581–631. doi:10.1124/pr.56.4.4. PMID 15602011. S2CID 15746586.
Robinson D, Cardozo L (2011). "Estrogens and the lower urinary tract". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 30 (5): 754–757. doi:10.1002/nau.21106. PMID 21661025. S2CID 36951754.
Kaplowitz PB, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, Pedlow SE, Herman-Giddens ME (2001). "Earlier onset of puberty in girls: relation to increased body mass index and ethnicity". Pediatrics. 108 (2): 347–53. doi:10.1542/peds.108.2.347. PMID 11483799.
Mitchell AL, Dwyer A, Pitteloud N, Quinton R (2011). "Genetic basis and variable phenotypic expression of Kallmann syndrome: towards a unifying theory". Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 22 (7): 249–58. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2011.03.002. PMID 21511493. S2CID 23578201.
Whincup PH, Gilg JA, Odoki K, Taylor SJ, Cook DG (2001). "Age of menarche in contemporary British teenagers: survey of girls born between 1982 and 1986". BMJ. 322 (7294): 1095–1096. doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1095. PMC 31261. PMID 11337438.
Ge X, Natsuaki MN, Neiderhiser JM, Reiss D (2007). "Genetic and Environmental Influences on Pubertal Timing: Results From Two National Sibling Studies". Journal of Research on Adolescence. 17 (4): 767–788. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00546.x.
Mustanski BS, Viken RJ, Kaprio J, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ (2004). "Genetic and environmental influences on pubertal development: longitudinal data from Finnish twins at ages 11 and 14". Developmental Psychology. 40 (6): 1188–1198. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.6.1188. PMID 15535766.
Comings DE, Muhleman D, Johnson JP, MacMurray JP (2002). "Parent-daughter transmission of the androgen receptor gene as an explanation of the effect of father absence on age of menarche". Child Development. 73 (4): 1046–1051. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00456. PMID 12146732.
Bulik CM, Reba L, Siega-Riz AM, Reichborn-Kjennerud T (2005). "Anorexia nervosa: definition, epidemiology, and cycle of risk". The International Journal of Eating Disorders. 37 (Suppl 1): S2–9, discussion S20–1. doi:10.1002/eat.20107. PMID 15852310.
Topaloglu AK, Reimann F, Guclu M, Yalin AS, Kotan LD, Porter KM, et al. (2008). "TAC3 and TACR3 mutations in familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reveal a key role for Neurokinin B in the central control of reproduction". Nature Genetics. 41 (3): 354–358. doi:10.1038/ng.306. PMC 4312696. PMID 19079066.
Lay summary: "Key to regulation of puberty discovered". (e) Science News. 2008-12-11.
Lehrer S (1984). "Modern correlates of Freudian psychology. Infant sexuality and the unconscious". The American Journal of Medicine. 77 (6): 977–980. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(84)90172-4. PMID 6507468. Archived from the original on 2011-09-21. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
Neill JD (2001). "In Memoriam: Ernst Knobil (1926-2000)". Endocrine Reviews. 22 (6): 721–723. doi:10.1210/edrv.22.6.8566. PMID 11739328. S2CID 1634732.
Boyar R, Finkelstein J, Roffwarg H, Kapen S, Weitzman E, Hellman L (1972). "Synchronization of augmented luteinizing hormone secretion with sleep during puberty". The New England Journal of Medicine. 287 (12): 582–586. doi:10.1056/NEJM197209212871203. PMID 4341276.
Rivest RW (1991). "Sexual maturation in female rats: hereditary, developmental and environmental aspects". Experientia. 47 (10): 1027–1038. doi:10.1007/bf01923338. PMID 1936201. S2CID 28120306.
Yellon SM, Newman SW (1991). "A developmental study of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal system during sexual maturation in the male Djungarian hamster". Biology of Reproduction. 45 (3): 440–446. doi:10.1095/biolreprod45.3.440. PMID 1782292.
Lehrer S (1986). "Rats on 22.5-hr light:dark cycles have vaginal opening earlier than rats on 26-hr light:dark cycles". Journal of Pineal Research. 3 (4): 375–378. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.1986.tb00759.x. PMID 3783418. S2CID 41436917.
Vilaplana J, Madrid JA, Sánchez-Vázquez J, Campuzano A, Cambras T, Díez-Noguera A (1995). "Influence of period length of light/dark cycles on the body weight and food intake of young rats". Physiology & Behavior. 58 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)00021-A. PMID 7667433. S2CID 43118869.

esciencenews.com

Topaloglu AK, Reimann F, Guclu M, Yalin AS, Kotan LD, Porter KM, et al. (2008). "TAC3 and TACR3 mutations in familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reveal a key role for Neurokinin B in the central control of reproduction". Nature Genetics. 41 (3): 354–358. doi:10.1038/ng.306. PMC 4312696. PMID 19079066.
Lay summary: "Key to regulation of puberty discovered". (e) Science News. 2008-12-11.

h2g2.com

"h2g2 - The Morning Glory (or Nocturnal Penile Tumescence)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2013-11-09.

health24.com

"Male puberty milestones". Health24. Retrieved 2020-02-27.

hopkinsmedicine.org

"Puberty: Adolescent Male". Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved 2020-02-27.

jstor.org

Jorgensen, Keiding & Skakkebaek 1991. Jorgensen M, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE (1991). "Estimation of Spermarche from Longitudinal Spermaturia Data". Biometrics. 47 (1): 177–193. doi:10.2307/2532505. ISSN 0006-341X. JSTOR 2532505. PMID 2049498. Retrieved 2023-03-03.

just.edu.jo

"Sex Determination _ Dr Mahmoud Ahmad Fora". www.just.edu.jo. Retrieved 2022-07-06.

kidshealth.org

"Everything You Wanted to Know About Puberty (for Teens) - KidsHealth". kidshealth.org. Retrieved 2019-08-23.

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"Erections in Babies | LIVESTRONG.COM". Archived from the original on 2012-10-04. Retrieved 2012-01-07.

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Finley H. "Average age at menarche in various cultures". Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health. Retrieved 2007-08-02.

newscientist.com

McKenna P (2007-03-05). "Childhood obesity brings early puberty for girls". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 2008-04-19. Retrieved 2010-05-22.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Guillette EA, Conard C, Lares F, Aguilar MG, McLachlan J, Guillette LJ (March 2006). "Altered breast development in young girls from an agricultural environment". Environ. Health Perspect. 114 (3): 471–5. doi:10.1289/ehp.8280. PMC 1392245. PMID 16507474.
Buck Louis GM, Gray LE, Marcus M, Ojeda SR, Pescovitz OH, Witchel SF, et al. (February 2008). "Environmental factors and puberty timing: expert panel research needs". Pediatrics. 121 (Suppl 3): S192–207. doi:10.1542/peds.1813E. PMID 18245512.
Mouritsen A, Aksglaede L, Sørensen K, Mogensen SS, Leffers H, Main KM, et al. (April 2010). "Hypothesis: exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may interfere with timing of puberty". Int. J. Androl. 33 (2): 346–59. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01051.x. PMID 20487042.
Lewis M, Shapland F, Watts R (2016). "On the threshold of adulthood: A new approach for the use of maturation indicators to assess puberty in adolescents from medieval England" (PDF). American Journal of Human Biology. 28 (1): 48–56. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22761. PMID 26238500. S2CID 26111310.
Papadimitriou A (2016). "The Evolution of the Age at Menarche from Prehistorical to Modern Times". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 29 (6): 527–530. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2015.12.002. PMID 26703478.
Abbassi V (1998). "Growth and normal puberty". Pediatrics. 102 (2 Pt 3): 507–513. doi:10.1542/peds.102.S3.507. PMID 9685454. S2CID 24733669.
MacGillivray MH, Morishima A, Conte F, Grumbach M, Smith EP (1998). "Pediatric endocrinology update: an overview. The essential roles of estrogens in pubertal growth, epiphyseal fusion and bone turnover: lessons from mutations in the genes for aromatase and the estrogen receptor". Hormone Research. 49 (Suppl 1): 2–8. doi:10.1159/000053061. PMID 9554463. S2CID 72138474.
Plant TM (2001). "Leptin, growth hormone, and the onset of primate puberty". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86 (1): 458–460. doi:10.1210/jc.86.1.459. PMID 11232044.
Meister B, Håkansson ML (2001). "Leptin receptors in hypothalamus and circumventricular organs". Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology. 28 (7): 610–617. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03493.x. PMID 11458889. S2CID 72146698.
Clayton PE, Trueman JA (2000). "Leptin and puberty". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 83 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1136/adc.83.1.1. PMC 1718397. PMID 10868988.
Topaloglu AK, Reimann F, Guclu M, Yalin AS, Kotan LD, Porter KM, et al. (2009). "TAC3 and TACR3 mutations in familial hypogonadotropic hypogonadism reveal a key role for Neurokinin B in the central control of reproduction". Nature Genetics. 41 (3): 354–358. doi:10.1038/ng.306. PMC 4312696. PMID 19079066.
Jorgensen, Keiding & Skakkebaek 1991. Jorgensen M, Keiding N, Skakkebaek NE (1991). "Estimation of Spermarche from Longitudinal Spermaturia Data". Biometrics. 47 (1): 177–193. doi:10.2307/2532505. ISSN 0006-341X. JSTOR 2532505. PMID 2049498. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
Øster J (April 1968). "Further Fate of the Foreskin: Incidence of Preputial Adhesions, Phimosis, and Smegma among Danish Schoolboys". Arch Dis Child. 43 (228): 200–202. doi:10.1136/adc.43.228.200. PMC 2019851. PMID 5689532.
Kayaba H, Tamura H, Kitajima S, Fujiwara Y, Kato T, Kato T (November 1996). "Analysis of Shape and Retractability of the Prepuce in 603 Japanese Boys". J Urol. 156 (5). American Urological Association, Inc.: 1813–1815. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65544-7. PMID 8863623.
Ishikawa E, Kawakita M (2004). "Preputial development in Japanese boys". Hinyokika Kiyo. 50 (5): 305–8. PMID 15237481.
"Circumcision Policy Statement". Pediatrics. 103 (3): 686–93. 1999. doi:10.1542/peds.103.3.686. PMID 10049981.
Krueger H, Osborn L (1986). "Effects of hygiene among the uncircumcised". J Fam Pract. 22 (4): 353–5. PMID 3958682.
Birley HD, Luzzi GA, Bell R (1993). "Clinical features and management of recurrent balanitis: association with atopy and genital washing". Genitourin Med. 69 (5): 400–403. doi:10.1136/sti.69.5.400. PMC 1195128. PMID 8244363.
Tanner JM, Davies PS (1985). "Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children". The Journal of Pediatrics. 107 (3): 317–329. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80501-1. PMID 3875704.
Siegel MJ, Surratt JT (1992). "Pediatric gynecologic imaging". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 19 (1): 103–127. doi:10.1016/S0889-8545(21)00504-0. PMID 1584537.
Anderson SE, Dallal GE, Must A (April 2003). "Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of US girls studied 25 years apart". Pediatrics. 111 (4 Pt 1): 844–850. doi:10.1542/peds.111.4.844. PMID 12671122.
Al-Sahab B, Ardern CI, Hamadeh MJ, Tamim H (2010). "Age at menarche in Canada: results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children & Youth". BMC Public Health. 10 (1): 736. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-736. PMC 3001737. PMID 21110899.
Apter D (1980). "Serum steroids and pituitary hormones in female puberty: a partly longitudinal study". Clinical Endocrinology. 12 (2): 107–120. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1980.tb02125.x. PMID 6249519. S2CID 19913395.
Southam AL, Richart RM (1966). "The prognosis for adolescents with menstrual abnormalities". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 94 (5): 637–645. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(66)90398-X. PMID 5906589.
Kalloo NB, Gearhart JP, Barrack ER (1993). "Sexually dimorphic expression of estrogen receptors, but not of androgen receptors in human fetal external genitalia". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 77 (3): 692–698. doi:10.1210/jcem.77.3.8370691. PMID 8370691.
Andersson KE, Wein AJ (2004). "Pharmacology of the Lower Urinary Tract: Basis for Current and Future Treatments of Urinary Incontinence". Pharmacological Reviews. 56 (4): 581–631. doi:10.1124/pr.56.4.4. PMID 15602011. S2CID 15746586.
Robinson D, Cardozo L (2011). "Estrogens and the lower urinary tract". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 30 (5): 754–757. doi:10.1002/nau.21106. PMID 21661025. S2CID 36951754.
Kaplowitz PB, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, Pedlow SE, Herman-Giddens ME (2001). "Earlier onset of puberty in girls: relation to increased body mass index and ethnicity". Pediatrics. 108 (2): 347–53. doi:10.1542/peds.108.2.347. PMID 11483799.
Mitchell AL, Dwyer A, Pitteloud N, Quinton R (2011). "Genetic basis and variable phenotypic expression of Kallmann syndrome: towards a unifying theory". Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 22 (7): 249–58. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2011.03.002. PMID 21511493. S2CID 23578201.
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